أب

See also: اب, آب, ات, آپ, and آت

Arabic

Etymology 1

Root
ء ب و (ʔ b w)
7 terms

Inherited from Proto-Semitic *ʔabw-. Cognate with Hebrew אָב ('áv)

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ʔab/

Noun

أَب • (ʔab) m (construct state أَبُو (ʔabū), dual أَبَوَان (ʔabawān), plural آبَاء (ʔābāʔ))

1. father
2. ancestor, forefather

Usage notes

• This word has the irregular vocative forms أَبَتَ (ʔabata) and أَبَتِ (ʔabati).

Declension

Declension of noun أَب (ʔab)

singular	singular long construct
	indefinite	definite	construct
informal	أَب ʔab	الْأَب al-ʔab	أَبُو ʔabū
nominative	أَبٌ ʔabun	الْأَبُ al-ʔabu	أَبُو ʔabū
accusative	أَبًا ʔaban	الْأَبَ al-ʔaba	أَبَا ʔabā
genitive	أَبٍ ʔabin	الْأَبِ al-ʔabi	أَبِي ʔabī
dual	indefinite	definite	construct
informal	أَبَوَيْن‎; أَبَيْن ʔabawayn‎; ʔabayn	الْأَبَوَيْن‎; الْأَبَيْن al-ʔabawayn‎; al-ʔabayn	أَبَوَيْ‎; أَبَيْ ʔabaway‎; ʔabay
nominative	أَبَوَانِ‎; أَبَانِ ʔabawāni‎; ʔabāni	الْأَبَوَانِ‎; الْأَبَانِ al-ʔabawāni‎; al-ʔabāni	أَبَوَا‎; أَبَا ʔabawā‎; ʔabā
accusative	أَبَوَيْنِ‎; أَبَيْنِ ʔabawayni‎; ʔabayni	الْأَبَوَيْنِ‎; الْأَبَيْنِ al-ʔabawayni‎; al-ʔabayni	أَبَوَيْ‎; أَبَيْ ʔabaway‎; ʔabay
genitive	أَبَوَيْنِ‎; أَبَيْنِ ʔabawayni‎; ʔabayni	الْأَبَوَيْنِ‎; الْأَبَيْنِ al-ʔabawayni‎; al-ʔabayni	أَبَوَيْ‎; أَبَيْ ʔabaway‎; ʔabay
plural	basic broken plural triptote
	indefinite	definite	construct
informal	آبَاء ʔābāʔ	الْآبَاء al-ʔābāʔ	آبَاء ʔābāʔ
nominative	آبَاءٌ ʔābāʔun	الْآبَاءُ al-ʔābāʔu	آبَاءُ ʔābāʔu
accusative	آبَاءً ʔābāʔan	الْآبَاءَ al-ʔābāʔa	آبَاءَ ʔābāʔa
genitive	آبَاءٍ ʔābāʔin	الْآبَاءِ al-ʔābāʔi	آبَاءِ ʔābāʔi

Synonyms

• (father): وَالِد (wālid)

Coordinate terms

Arabic family terms

عَائِلَة (ʕāʔila, “family”)		Male	Female
parent		أَب (ʔab, “father”)	أُمّ (ʔumm, “mother”)
grandparent		جَدّ (jadd, “grandfather”)	جَدَّة (jadda, “grandmother”)
sibling		أَخ (ʔaḵ, “brother”)	أُخْت (ʔuḵt, “sister”)
child		اِبْن (ibn, “son”)	اِبْنَة (ibna, “daughter”)
grandchild		حَفِيد (ḥafīd, “grandson”)	حَفِيدَة (ḥafīda, “granddaughter”)
parent's sibling	paternal	عَمّ (ʕamm, “paternal uncle”)	عَمَّة (ʕamma, “paternal aunt”)
	maternal	خَال (ḵāl, “maternal uncle”)	خَالَة (ḵāla, “maternal aunt”)
spouse		زَوْج (zawj, “husband”)	زَوْجَة (zawja, “wife”)
parent of spouse		حَم (ḥam, “father-in-law”)	حَمَاة (ḥamāh, “mother-in-law”)
relative through marriage		صِهْر (ṣihr, “in-law”)	كَنَّة (kanna, “in-law”)
stepparent		رَابّ (rābb, “stepfather”)	رَابَّة (rābba, “stepmother”)
stepchild		رَبِيب (rabīb, “stepson”)	رَبِيبَة (rabība, “stepdaughter”)

Descendants

• Egyptian Arabic: أبّ (abb)
• → Proto-Abkhaz-Abaza: *abá
  • Abaza: аба (aba)
  • Abkhaz: аб (ab)
• → Assamese: আব্বা (abba)
• → Bengali: আব্বা (abba)
• → Urdu: ابو (abbū)
• → Maltese: bu (“construct state, only used in some surnames and place names”)
• → Rohingya: abba
• → Swahili: bwana, (abbreviation) Bw.
  • → Chichewa: bwana
  • → English: bwana
• → Ottoman Turkish: اب (eb)
• → Medieval Latin: borago, borrāgō
  • Italian: borragine, borraggine
  • Old French: borage
    • French: bourrache
    • → English: borage
    • → Irish: borráiste
  • Old Occitan:
    • Catalan: borratja
      • → Spanish: borraja
  • Old Galician-Portuguese: *borragẽ
    • Galician: borraxe
    • Portuguese: borragem
  • Sicilian: vurràniga
  • → Bulgarian: пореч (poreč)
  • → Middle Dutch: borage
    • Dutch: bernagie
  • → Greek: μποράγο (borágo)
  • → Polish: burak, burok (“mangelwurzel”) (Zagórze)
    • → Belarusian: бура́к (burák)
    • → Russian: буря́к (burják)
    • → Ukrainian: буря́к (burják)
    • → Yiddish: בוריק (burik)
  • → Middle Low German: boragie, borraghe
  • → Middle High German: boretsch, buretsch
    • German: Borretsch
  • → Slovak: borága
• ⇒ Arabic: أَبُو حِبَاب (ʔabū ḥibāb, “father of many seeds”)
  • → Medieval Latin: bahobab
    • → Armenian: բաոբաբ (baobab)
    • → Danish: baobab
    • → Dutch: baobab
    • → English: baobab, boabab (obsolete)
      • → Japanese: バオバブ (baobabu)
      • → Korean: 바오바브 (baobabeu)
    • → French: baobab
      • Mauritian Creole: baobab
      • → Vietnamese: bao báp
    • → Italian: baobab
    • → Polish: baobab
    • → Portuguese: baobá
    • → Russian: баобаб (baobab)
    • → Spanish: baobab
• ⇒ Arabic: أَبُو المِسْك (ʔabū l-misk, “father of musk”)
  • → Italian: abelmosch
    • → New Latin: abelmoschus
      • → Dutch: abelmos
      • → English: abelmosk
      • → Portuguese: abelmosco
      • → Spanish: abelmosco
        • → Italian: abelmosco
        • → Norwegian Bokmål: abelmoskus
• ⇒ Arabic: أَبَوَيْن (ʔabawayn, “dual of أبّ”)
  • → Ottoman Turkish: ابوین
    • Turkish: ebeveyn

See also

• (nouns with long construct singular) الْأَسْمَاء السِّتَّة (al-ʔasmāʔ as-sitta); أَب (ʔab), أَخ (ʔaḵ), حَم (ḥam), فَم (fam), ذُو (ḏū), هَن (han) ^{(Category: Arabic nouns with long construct singular)}

Etymology 2

Verb

أُبْ • (ʔub) (form I) /ʔub/

1. second-person masculine singular imperative of آبَ (ʔāba)

Etymology 3

Root
ء ب ب (ʔ b b)
7 terms

Verb

أَبَّ • (ʔabba) I (first-person singular past أَبِبْتُ (ʔabibtu), non-past يَؤُبُّ (yaʔubbu), verbal noun أَبّ (ʔabb) or أَبَاب (ʔabāb) or أَبَابَة (ʔabāba))

1. to put the hand to (as "to the sword")
2. to move, agitate
3. to long, yearn [with إِلَى ‘ for something’]

   أَبّ إِلَى وَطَنِهِ ― ʔabb ʔilā waṭanihi ― to yearn for one’s homeland, be homesick

   Synonyms: حَنَّ (ḥanna), تَشَوَّقَ (tašawwaqa), تَاقَ (tāqa)

4. to prepare for a journey
5. to intend
6. to be straight, upright (as a road, conduct)
7. to defeat

Conjugation

Conjugation of أَبَّ (I, geminate, i ~ u, impersonal passive (?), verbal nouns أَبّ, أَبَاب, أَبَابَة)

verbal noun الْمَصْدَر						أَبّ, أَبَاب, أَبَابَة ʔabb, ʔabāb, ʔabāba
active participle اِسْم الْفَاعِل						? ?
passive participle اِسْم الْمَفْعُول						مَأْبُوب maʔbūb
active voice الْفِعْل الْمَعْلُوم
		singular الْمُفْرَد				dual الْمُثَنَّى			plural الْجَمْع
		1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب		2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب		1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي	m	أَبِبْتُ ʔabibtu	أَبِبْتَ ʔabibta	أَبَّ ʔabba		أَبِبْتُمَا ʔabibtumā	أَبَّا ʔabbā		أَبِبْنَا ʔabibnā	أَبِبْتُمْ ʔabibtum	أَبُّوا ʔabbū
	f		أَبِبْتِ ʔabibti	أَبَّتْ ʔabbat			أَبَّتَا ʔabbatā			أَبِبْتُنَّ ʔabibtunna	أَبِبْنَ ʔabibna
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع	m	أَؤُبُّ ʔaʔubbu	تَؤُبُّ taʔubbu	يَؤُبُّ yaʔubbu		تَؤُبَّانِ taʔubbāni	يَؤُبَّانِ yaʔubbāni		نَؤُبُّ naʔubbu	تَؤُبُّونَ taʔubbūna	يَؤُبُّونَ yaʔubbūna
	f		تَؤُبِّينَ taʔubbīna	تَؤُبُّ taʔubbu			تَؤُبَّانِ taʔubbāni			تَأْبُبْنَ taʔbubna	يَأْبُبْنَ yaʔbubna
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب	m	أَؤُبَّ ʔaʔubba	تَؤُبَّ taʔubba	يَؤُبَّ yaʔubba		تَؤُبَّا taʔubbā	يَؤُبَّا yaʔubbā		نَؤُبَّ naʔubba	تَؤُبُّوا taʔubbū	يَؤُبُّوا yaʔubbū
	f		تَؤُبِّي taʔubbī	تَؤُبَّ taʔubba			تَؤُبَّا taʔubbā			تَأْبُبْنَ taʔbubna	يَأْبُبْنَ yaʔbubna
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم	m	أَؤُبَّ, أَؤُبِّ, آبُبْ ʔaʔubba, ʔaʔubbi, ʔābub	تَؤُبَّ, تَؤُبِّ, تَأْبُبْ taʔubba, taʔubbi, taʔbub	يَؤُبَّ, يَؤُبِّ, يَأْبُبْ yaʔubba, yaʔubbi, yaʔbub		تَؤُبَّا taʔubbā	يَؤُبَّا yaʔubbā		نَؤُبَّ, نَؤُبِّ, نَأْبُبْ naʔubba, naʔubbi, naʔbub	تَؤُبُّوا taʔubbū	يَؤُبُّوا yaʔubbū
	f		تَؤُبِّي taʔubbī	تَؤُبَّ, تَؤُبِّ, تَأْبُبْ taʔubba, taʔubbi, taʔbub			تَؤُبَّا taʔubbā			تَأْبُبْنَ taʔbubna	يَأْبُبْنَ yaʔbubna
imperative الْأَمْر	m		أُبَّ, أُبِّ, اُؤْبُبْ ʔubba, ʔubbi, uʔbub			أُبَّا ʔubbā				أُبُّوا ʔubbū
	f		أُبِّي ʔubbī							اُؤْبُبْنَ uʔbubna
passive voice الْفِعْل الْمَجْهُول
		singular الْمُفْرَد				dual الْمُثَنَّى			plural الْجَمْع
		1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب		2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب		1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي	m	—	—	أُبَّ ʔubba		—	—		—	—	—
	f		—	—			—			—	—
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع	m	—	—	يُؤَبُّ yuʔabbu		—	—		—	—	—
	f		—	—			—			—	—
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب	m	—	—	يُؤَبَّ yuʔabba		—	—		—	—	—
	f		—	—			—			—	—
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم	m	—	—	يُؤَبَّ, يُؤَبِّ, يُؤْبَبْ yuʔabba, yuʔabbi, yuʔbab		—	—		—	—	—
	f		—	—			—			—	—

Noun

أَبّ • (ʔabb) m (plural أَؤُبّ (ʔaʔubb))

1. verbal noun of أَبّ (ʔabb, “to intend, to prepare for a journey”) (form I)
2. intention
3. travelling plan
4. fodder, grass, meadow
5. herbage (fresh or dry)
6. herbage prepared for pasture
7. dried fruits

Declension

Declension of noun أَبّ (ʔabb)

singular	basic singular triptote
	indefinite	definite	construct
informal	أَبّ ʔabb	الْأَبّ al-ʔabb	أَبّ ʔabb
nominative	أَبٌّ ʔabbun	الْأَبُّ al-ʔabbu	أَبُّ ʔabbu
accusative	أَبًّا ʔabban	الْأَبَّ al-ʔabba	أَبَّ ʔabba
genitive	أَبٍّ ʔabbin	الْأَبِّ al-ʔabbi	أَبِّ ʔabbi
dual	indefinite	definite	construct
informal	أَبَّيْن ʔabbayn	الْأَبَّيْن al-ʔabbayn	أَبَّيْ ʔabbay
nominative	أَبَّانِ ʔabbāni	الْأَبَّانِ al-ʔabbāni	أَبَّا ʔabbā
accusative	أَبَّيْنِ ʔabbayni	الْأَبَّيْنِ al-ʔabbayni	أَبَّيْ ʔabbay
genitive	أَبَّيْنِ ʔabbayni	الْأَبَّيْنِ al-ʔabbayni	أَبَّيْ ʔabbay
plural	basic broken plural triptote
	indefinite	definite	construct
informal	أَؤُبّ ʔaʔubb	الْأَؤُبّ al-ʔaʔubb	أَؤُبّ ʔaʔubb
nominative	أَؤُبٌّ ʔaʔubbun	الْأَؤُبُّ al-ʔaʔubbu	أَؤُبُّ ʔaʔubbu
accusative	أَؤُبًّا ʔaʔubban	الْأَؤُبَّ al-ʔaʔubba	أَؤُبَّ ʔaʔubba
genitive	أَؤُبٍّ ʔaʔubbin	الْأَؤُبِّ al-ʔaʔubbi	أَؤُبِّ ʔaʔubbi

Further reading

• Lane, Edward William (1863-1893), “أب”, in Arabic-English Lexicon, London: Williams & Norgate, pages 3, 10–11.
• Nöldeke, Theodor (1904), Beiträge zur semitischen Sprachwissenschaft‎^[1] (in German), Straßburg: Karl J. Trübner, →DOI, pages 69–72 (for etymology of the vocative forms)
• Wehr, Hans (1979), “أبو”, in J. Milton Cowan, editor, A Dictionary of Modern Written Arabic, 4th edition, Ithaca, NY: Spoken Language Services, →ISBN, pages 2–3
• Steingass, Francis Joseph (1884), “أب”, in The Student's Arabic–English Dictionary‎^[2], London: W.H. Allen

Egyptian Arabic

Noun

أب • (abb) m (construct state أبو (abū), plural أبهات (abbahāt))

1. alternative spelling of اب

Karakhanid

Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Common Turkic *ap. Cognate with Old Uyghur 𐽰𐽰𐽼 (ʾʾp /⁠ap⁠/, “also”).

Conjunction

أَبْ (ʾb /ap/)

1. not, neither, nor

   اَبْ بُو اَبْ اُولْ ― ʾb bv ʾb ʾvl /Ap bū ap ol./ ― Neither this nor that.

References

• Clauson, Gerard (1972), An Etymological Dictionary of pre-thirteenth-century Turkish, Oxford: Clarendon Press, →ISBN, →OCLC, page 3

Further reading

• Mahmud al-Kashgari (1072–1074), Besim Atalay, transl., Divanü Lûgat-it-Türk Tercümesi [Translation of the Compendium of the Languages of the Turks] (Türk Dil Kurumu Yayınları; 521) (in Turkish), 1985 edition, volume I, Ankara: Türk Tarih Kurumu Basımevi, published 1939–1943, page 34.
• Mahmud al-Kashgari (1072–1074), Robert Dankoff, James Kelly, transl., Compendium of the Turkic dialects (Dīvānu Luγāt at-Turk), volume I, Harvard University Printing Office, published 1982, page 87.
• al-Kashgarî, Mahmud (1072–1074), Ercilasun, Ahmet B., Akkoyunlu Ziyat, transl., Kâşgarlı Mahmud Divanü Lûgat-it-Türk Giriş - Metin - Çeviri - Notlar - Dizin [Mahmud al-Kashgari's “Compendium of the languages of the Turks” Introduction - Texts - Translation - Notes - Index] (Türk Dil Kurumu Yayınları; 1120) (in Turkish), Ankara: Türk Tarih Kurumu Basımevi, published 2020, →ISBN, page 15

North Levantine Arabic

Etymology

Etymology tree

Proto-Afroasiatic *ʔab-

Proto-Semitic *ʔabw-

Arabic أَب (ʔab)

North Levantine Arabic أب

Inherited from Arabic أَب (ʔab).

Noun

أب • (ʔabb) m (construct state أبو (ʔabu), plural أبات (ʔabbāt) or أبهات (ʔabbahāt) or أبوات (ʔabbawāt))

1. (Syria) father

   Synonym: بي (bayy) (Lebanon)

   Coordinate term: إم (ʔimm, “mother”)

Usage notes

• When a suffix pronoun is added, either أب (ʔab-) or the construct form is used, e.g. أبي / أبوي (ʔabi / ʔabūy, “my father”).

South Levantine Arabic

Etymology

Etymology tree

Proto-Afroasiatic *ʔab-

Proto-Semitic *ʔabw-

Arabic أَب (ʔab)

South Levantine Arabic أب

Inherited from Arabic أَب (ʔab).

Noun

أبّ • (ʔabb) m (construct state أبو (ʔabu), plural أبّهات (ʔabbahāt))

1. alternative form of أبو (ʔabu, “father”)