Micronutrient perspective on COVID-19: Umbrella review and reanalysis of meta-analyses

Xie et al., Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition, doi:10.1080/10408398.2023.2174948, PROSPERO CRD42022353953, Feb 2023
Vitamin D for COVID-19
8th treatment shown to reduce risk in October 2020, now with p < 0.00000000001 from 138 studies, recognized in 18 countries.
No treatment is 100% effective. Protocols combine treatments.
6,600+ studies for 220+ treatments. c19early.org
Systematic review and meta analysis of micronutrient supplementation, showing vitamin D supplementation associated with lower mortality, mechanical ventilation, ICU admission, and severity. Note that forest plots have OR>1 favoring supplementation. Vitamin D deficiency was also associated with higher mortality, mechanical ventilation, ICU admission, severity, and cases.
22 meta-analyses show significant improvements with vitamin D treatment for mortality1-15, mechanical ventilation1,5,6,11,16-18, ICU admission1,3,5,6,9,11,13,15-21, hospitalization11, severity2,4,5,10,22, and cases7,20,22.
Currently there are 138 vitamin D treatment for COVID-19 studies, showing 39% lower mortality [32‑45%], 17% lower ventilation [-5‑35%], 45% lower ICU admission [28‑57%], 22% lower hospitalization [13‑30%], and 18% fewer cases [10‑25%].
Study covers zinc and vitamin D.
Xie et al., 15 Feb 2023, peer-reviewed, 16 authors, trial PROSPERO CRD42022353953.
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