Vitamin D supplementation and Covid‐19 outcomes: A systematic review, meta‐analysis and meta‐regression
et al., Reviews in Medical Virology, doi:10.1002/rmv.2269, Jun 2021
Vitamin D for COVID-19
8th treatment shown to reduce risk in
October 2020, now with p < 0.00000000001 from 138 studies, recognized in 18 countries.
No treatment is 100% effective. Protocols
combine treatments.
6,600+ studies for
220+ treatments. c19early.org
|
Meta analysis of 11 COVID-19 studies showing lower mortality, mechanical ventilation, and ICU admission with vitamin D. Authors also perform meta-regression showing greater efficacy with increasing age.
22 meta-analyses show significant improvements with vitamin D treatment for mortality1-15,
mechanical ventilation1,5,6,11,16-18 ,
ICU admission1,3,5,6,9,11,13,15-21 ,
hospitalization11,
severity2,4,5,10,22 , and
cases7,20,22 .
Currently there are 138 vitamin D treatment for COVID-19 studies, showing 39% lower mortality [32‑45%], 17% lower ventilation [-5‑35%], 45% lower ICU admission [28‑57%], 22% lower hospitalization [13‑30%], and 18% fewer cases [10‑25%].
|
risk of death, 63.0% lower, OR 0.37, p < 0.001, RR approximated with OR.
|
|
risk of mechanical ventilation, 66.0% lower, OR 0.34, p = 0.005, RR approximated with OR.
|
|
risk of ICU admission, 73.0% lower, OR 0.27, p = 0.02, RR approximated with OR.
|
| Effect extraction follows pre-specified rules prioritizing more serious outcomes. Submit updates |
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11.
Asla et al., Vitamin D on COVID-19 Patients During the Pandemic, 2022. A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis, Current Research in Nutrition and Food Science Journal, doi:10.12944/CRNFSJ.11.1.3.
12.
Kow et al., The impact of vitamin D administration on mortality in COVID-19 patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials, Inflammopharmacology, doi:10.1007/s10787-024-01564-2.
13.
Zhang et al., The impact of supplementing vitamin D through different methods on the prognosis of COVID-19 patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis, Frontiers in Nutrition, doi:10.3389/fnut.2024.1441847.
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Doustmohammadian et al., Impact of vitamin D supplementation on COVID-19 mortality: A systematic review and meta-analysis, Nutrition Clinique et Métabolisme, doi:10.1016/j.nupar.2025.12.001.
15.
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17.
Yang (B) et al., Therapeutic effects of vitamin D supplementation on COVID-19 aggravation: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials, Frontiers in Pharmacology, doi:10.3389/fphar.2024.1367686.
18.
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19.
Tentolouris et al., The effect of vitamin D supplementation on mortality and intensive care unit admission of COVID-19 patients. A systematic review, meta-analysis and meta-regression, Diabetes/Metabolism Research and Reviews, doi:10.1002/dmrr.3517.
20.
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Hariyanto et al., 27 Jun 2021, peer-reviewed, 5 authors.
Contact: andree.kurniawan@uph.edu.
Vitamin D supplementation and Covid‐19 outcomes: A systematic review, meta‐analysis and meta‐regression
Reviews in Medical Virology, doi:10.1002/rmv.2269
Vitamin D has many protective properties and potential role against acute lung injury. Low serum vitamin D is associated with high risk of pneumonia and development of acute respiratory distress syndrome. This study sought to analyse the efficacy of vitamin D in improving the outcomes of coronavirus disease 2019 (Covid-19) patients. Using specific keywords, we comprehensively searched the potential articles on PubMed, Europe PMC and ClinicalTrials.gov database until 8th May 2021. All published studies on Covid-19 and vitamin D were retrieved. Statistical analysis was conducted using Review Manager 5.4 software. A total of 11 studies with 22,265 Covid-19 patients were included in the meta-analysis. Our data suggested that vitamin D supplementation was associated with reduction in intensive care unit admission rate (OR 0.27; 95% CI: 0.09-0.76, p = 0.010, I 2 = 70%, random-effect modelling); reduction of the need for mechanical ventilation (OR 0.34; 95% CI: 0.16-0.72, p = 0.005, I 2 = 61%, random-effect modelling) and reduction of mortality from Covid-19 (OR 0.37; 95% CI: 0.21-0.66, p < 0.001, I 2 = 50%, random-effect modelling). Further analysis showed that the associations were influenced by age (p = 0.020). Our study suggests that vitamin D supplementation may offer beneficial effects on Covid-19 outcomes. However, more randomized clinical trials are required to confirm this conclusion. K E Y W O R D S coronavirus disease 2019, Covid-19, vitamin D 1 | INTRODUCTION Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection continues to spread globally causing a pandemic and has become a major medical focus for the last couple of years. The pandemic has involved over 164 million confirmed cases, with more than 3.4 million deaths as of 23 May 2021. 1 While some SARS-CoV-2 infections appear as mild upper respiratory symptoms and may be self-limiting, notable numbers of patients require hospitalizations and intensive treatment following progression into a more severe cases,
CONFLICT OF INTEREST The authors declare that there is no conflict of interest.
AUTHOR CONTRIBUTION
Conceptualization
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