Chapmanite
A valid IMA mineral species - grandfathered
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About Chapmanite
John E. Chapman
Formula:
Fe3+2Sb3+(Si2O5)O3(OH)
"1:1" layer silicate where the Fe2(Si2O5)O3(OH) part of the formula is analogous in structure to kaolinite, Al2(Si2O5)(OH)4, but additional Sb3+ is in pyramidal coordinate over the "holes" in the Fe layer.
Colour:
Olive green to deep yellow
Hardness:
2½
Specific Gravity:
3.69 - 3.75
Crystal System:
Monoclinic
Name:
Named in honour of John Edward Chapman (22 February 1821, Kent, England - 28 January 1904, London, England), civil engineer and professor of mineralogy and geology, University of Toronto, Canada.
Type Locality:
Isostructural with:
The antimony analogue of Bismutoferrite with which it is easily confused.
Compare UM1978-09-O:CuHPbSbSi.
Compare UM1978-09-O:CuHPbSbSi.
Unique Identifiers
Mindat ID:
970
Long-form identifier:
mindat:1:1:970:6
IMA Classification of Chapmanite
Approved, 'Grandfathered' (first described prior to 1959)
First published:
1924
Classification of Chapmanite
9.ED.25
9 : SILICATES (Germanates)
E : Phyllosilicates
D : Phyllosilicates with kaolinite layers composed of tetrahedral and octahedral nets
9 : SILICATES (Germanates)
E : Phyllosilicates
D : Phyllosilicates with kaolinite layers composed of tetrahedral and octahedral nets
71.1.3.2
71 : PHYLLOSILICATES Sheets of Six-Membered Rings
1 : Sheets of 6-membered rings with 1:1 layers
71 : PHYLLOSILICATES Sheets of Six-Membered Rings
1 : Sheets of 6-membered rings with 1:1 layers
17.7.20
17 : Silicates Containing other Anions
7 : Silicates with vanadate, arsenate or antimonate
17 : Silicates Containing other Anions
7 : Silicates with vanadate, arsenate or antimonate
Mineral Symbols
As of 2021 there are now IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols (abbreviations) for each mineral species, useful for tables and diagrams.
| Symbol | Source | Reference |
|---|---|---|
| Cpm | IMA–CNMNC | Warr, L.N. (2021). IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols. Mineralogical Magazine, 85(3), 291-320. doi:10.1180/mgm.2021.43 |
Physical Properties of Chapmanite
Transparency:
Transparent
Comment:
Non metallic
Colour:
Olive green to deep yellow
Streak:
Greenish yellow to deep yellow
Hardness:
2½ on Mohs scale
Comment:
When compact
Fracture:
Irregular/Uneven, Conchoidal
Comment:
When compact
Density:
3.69 - 3.75 g/cm3 (Measured) 4.29 g/cm3 (Calculated)
Optical Data of Chapmanite
Type:
Biaxial (-)
RI values:
nα = 1.85 nβ = 1.95 nγ = 1.96
2V:
Calculated: 32°
Max. Birefringence:
δ = 0.110
Based on recorded range of RI values above.
Based on recorded range of RI values above.
Interference Colours:
The colours simulate birefringence patterns seen in thin section under crossed polars. They do not take into account mineral colouration or opacity.
Michel-Levy Bar The default colours simulate the birefringence range for a 30 µm thin-section thickness. Adjust the slider to simulate a different thickness.
Grain Simulation You can rotate the grain simulation to show how this range might look as you rotated a sample under crossed polars.
The colours simulate birefringence patterns seen in thin section under crossed polars. They do not take into account mineral colouration or opacity.
Michel-Levy Bar The default colours simulate the birefringence range for a 30 µm thin-section thickness. Adjust the slider to simulate a different thickness.
Grain Simulation You can rotate the grain simulation to show how this range might look as you rotated a sample under crossed polars.
Surface Relief:
Moderate
Dispersion:
none
Chemistry of Chapmanite
Mindat Formula:
Fe3+2Sb3+(Si2O5)O3(OH)
"1:1" layer silicate where the Fe2(Si2O5)O3(OH) part of the formula is analogous in structure to kaolinite, Al2(Si2O5)(OH)4, but additional Sb3+ is in pyramidal coordinate over the "holes" in the Fe layer.
"1:1" layer silicate where the Fe2(Si2O5)O3(OH) part of the formula is analogous in structure to kaolinite, Al2(Si2O5)(OH)4, but additional Sb3+ is in pyramidal coordinate over the "holes" in the Fe layer.
Element Weights:
Common Impurities:
Al
Crystallography of Chapmanite
Crystal System:
Monoclinic
Class (H-M):
m - Domatic
Space Group:
Bm
Setting:
Cm
Cell Parameters:
a = 5.19 Å, b = 8.99 Å, c = 7.70 Å
β = 100.4°
β = 100.4°
Ratio:
a:b:c = 0.577 : 1 : 0.857
Unit Cell V:
353.37 ų (Calculated from Unit Cell)
Z:
2
Morphology:
Crystals lath shaped, powdery, compact, massive.
Crystal Structure
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Data courtesy of the American Mineralogist Crystal Structure Database. Click on an AMCSD ID to view structure
| ID | Species | Reference | Link | Year | Locality | Pressure (GPa) | Temp (K) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0015317 | Chapmanite | Ballirano P, Maras A, Marchetti F, Merlino S, Perchiazzi N (1998) Rietveld refinement of chapmanite SbFe2Si2O8OH, a TO dioctahderal kaolinite-like mineral Powder Diffraction 13 44-49 | 1998 | Tafone mine, Tucsany, Italy | 0 | 293 | |
| 0015577 | Chapmanite | Zhukhlistov A P, Zvyagin B B (1977) Determination of the crystal structures of chapmanite and bismuthoferrite by high-voltage electron diffraction Soviet Physics Crystallography 22 419-423 | 1977 | Smilokov, Czechoslovakia | 0 | 293 |
CIF Raw Data - click here to close
X-Ray Powder Diffraction
Powder Diffraction Data:
| d-spacing | Intensity |
|---|---|
| 7.63 Å | (100) |
| 3.58 Å | (100) |
| 3.88 Å | (90) |
| 3.19 Å | (90) |
| 2.90 Å | (70) |
| 2.59 Å | (70) |
| 2.54 Å | (35) |
Comments:
Keeley mine, Ontario, Canada. Data from Milton et al. (1958).
Geological Environment
Paragenetic Mode(s):
| Paragenetic Mode | Earliest Age (Ga) |
|---|---|
| Near-surface Processes | |
| 23 : Subaerial aqueous alteration by non-redox-sensitive fluids (see also #47) | |
| High-? alteration and/or metamorphism | |
| 33 : Minerals deposited by hydrothermal metal-rich fluids (see also [#12]) |
Type Occurrence of Chapmanite
General Appearance of Type Material:
Pulverulent; olive-green.
Place of Conservation of Type Material:
Harvard Mineralogical Museum, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA, number 91501.
Royal Ontario Museum, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, numbers M35432 , M33773 and M14075.
Royal Ontario Museum, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, numbers M35432 , M33773 and M14075.
Geological Setting of Type Material:
Oxidation zone of a silver deposit.
Associated Minerals at Type Locality:
Synonyms of Chapmanite
Other Language Names for Chapmanite
Common Associates
Associated Minerals Based on Photo Data:
| 3 photos of Chapmanite associated with Goethite | Fe3+O(OH) |
| 2 photos of Chapmanite associated with Quartz | SiO2 |
| 2 photos of Chapmanite associated with Stibnite | Sb2S3 |
| 1 photo of Chapmanite associated with Woodruffite | Zn2+x/2(Mn4+1-xMn3+x)O2 · yH2O |
| 1 photo of Chapmanite associated with Siderite | FeCO3 |
| 1 photo of Chapmanite associated with Native Silver | Ag |
| 1 photo of Chapmanite associated with Marcasite | FeS2 |
| 1 photo of Chapmanite associated with Pharmacosiderite | KFe3+4(AsO4)3(OH)4 · 6-7H2O |
Related Minerals - Strunz-mindat Grouping
| 9.ED. | Clinochrysotile | Mg3(Si2O5)(OH)4 |
| 9.ED.05 | Dickite | Al2(Si2O5)(OH)4 |
| 9.ED.05 | Nacrite | Al2(Si2O5)(OH)4 |
| 9.ED.05 | Kaolinite | Al2(Si2O5)(OH)4 |
| 9.ED.05 | Odinite | (Fe,Mg,Al,Fe,Ti,Mn)2.4((Si,Al)2O5)(OH)4 |
| 9.ED.10 | Halloysite | Al2(Si2O5)(OH)4 |
| 9.ED.10 | Hisingerite | Fe3+2(Si2O5)(OH)4 · 2H2O |
| 9.ED.10 | Hydrohalloysite | Al2Si2O5(OH)4 · 2H2O |
| 9.ED.15 | Antigorite | Mg3(Si2O5)(OH)4 |
| 9.ED.15 | Brindleyite | (Ni,Al)3(Si,Al)2O5(OH)4 |
| 9.ED.15 | Fraipontite | (Zn,Al)3((Si,Al)2O5)(OH)4 |
| 9.ED.15 | Népouite | Ni3Si2O5(OH)4 |
| 9.ED.15 | Pecoraite | Ni3(Si2O5)(OH)4 |
| 9.ED.15 | Guidottiite | Mn2Fe3+(Fe3+SiO5)(OH)4 |
| 9.ED.15 | Lizardite | Mg3(Si2O5)(OH)4 |
| 9.ED.15 | Berthierine | (Fe2+,Fe3+,Al)3(Si,Al)2O5(OH)4 |
| 9.ED.15 | Kellyite | Mn2+2Al(AlSiO5)(OH)4 |
| 9.ED.15 | Cronstedtite | Fe2+2Fe3+((Si,Fe3+)2O5)(OH)4 |
| 9.ED.15 | Caryopilite | Mn2+3Si2O5(OH)4 |
| 9.ED.15 va | Chromoamesite | Mg2(Al,Cr)(AlSiO5)(OH)4 |
| 9.ED.15 | Amesite | Mg2Al(AlSiO5)(OH)4 |
| 9.ED.15 | Greenalite | (Fe2+,Fe3+)2-3Si2O5(OH)4 |
| 9.ED.15 | Manandonite | Li2Al4(Si2AlB)O10(OH)8 |
| 9.ED.20 | Chrysocolla | Cu2-xAlx(H2-xSi2O5)(OH)4 · nH2O, x < 1 |
| 9.ED.20 | Neotocite | (Mn,Fe)SiO3 · H2O (?) |
| 9.ED.20 | Allophane | (Al2O3)(SiO2)1.3-2 · 2.5-3H2O |
| 9.ED.20 | Imogolite | Al2SiO3(OH)4 |
| 9.ED.25 | Bismutoferrite | Fe3+2Bi(SiO4)2(OH) |
| 9.ED.30 | Pianlinite | Al2Si2O6(OH)2 |
Other Information
Health Risks:
No information on health risks for this material has been entered into the database. You should always treat mineral specimens with care.
Internet Links for Chapmanite
mindat.org URL:
https://www.mindat.org/min-970.html
Please feel free to link to this page.
Please feel free to link to this page.
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External Links:
References for Chapmanite
Reference List:
Milton, Charles, Axelrod, Joseph M., Ingram, Blanche (1958) Bismutoferrite, chapmanite and "hypochlorite". American Mineralogist, 43 (7-8) 656-670
Périchaud, Jean-Jacques, Pierrot, Roland (1965) La chapmanite de La Bessade (Haute-Loire) Bulletin de Minéralogie, 88 (2) 294-299 doi:10.3406/bulmi.1965.5847
Association, International Mineralogical (1968) International Mineralogical Association: Commission on New Minerals and Mineral Names. Mineralogical Magazine and Journal of the Mineralogical Society, 36 (284). 1143-1145 doi:10.1180/minmag.1968.036.284.11
Ballirano, P.; Maras, A.; Marchetti, F.; Merlino, S.; Perchiazzi, N. (1998) Rietveld refinement of chapmanite SbFe2Si2O8OH, a TO dioctahedral kaolinite-like mineral. Powder Diffraction, 13 (1). 44-49 doi:10.1017/s0885715600009751
Majzlan, Juraj, Kiefer, Stefan, Lilova, Kristina, Subramani, Tamilarasan, Navrotsky, Alexandra, Dachs, Edgar, Benisek, Artur (2021) Chapmanite [Fe2Sb(Si2O5)O3(OH)]: thermodynamic properties and formation in low-temperature environments. European Journal of Mineralogy, 33 (4) 357-371 doi:10.5194/ejm-33-357-2021
Localities for Chapmanite
symbol to view information about a locality.
The Locality List
- This locality has map coordinates listed.
- This locality has estimated coordinates.
ⓘ - Click for references and further information on this occurrence.
? - Indicates mineral may be doubtful at this locality.
- Good crystals or important locality for species.
- World class for species or very significant.
(TL) - Type Locality for a valid mineral species.
(FRL) - First Recorded Locality for everything else (eg varieties).
All localities listed without proper references should be considered as questionable.
Australia | |
| Gilligan et al. (1992) |
| Gilligan et al. (1992) |
Canada | |
| Cataloque of Canadian Minerals |
| WALKER (1924) +1 other reference |
| Sabina (1974) +1 other reference | |
Czech Republic | |
| Duda +1 other reference |
| Žáč +4 other references |
| [Lapis 1995 |
| Pauliš et al. (2019) |
| Veselovský (2019) | |
| Gramblička (n.d.) |
France | |
| |
| Michel Blondieau collection |
| Périchaud et al. (1965) +1 other reference |
| Fluck et al. (1992, December) |
| Fluck et al. (1992, December) |
| Wittern et al. (1997) | |
| Pigetvieux (1981) |
Germany | |
| C.M. Kersten (1844) +2 other references |
Italy | |
| |
| Orlandi et al. (2004) |
| Menchetti et al. (2015) |
Japan | |
| Ohe Rikosha specimens +1 other reference |
| Mineralogical Society of America - ... |
Kyrgyzstan | |
| ... |
| Kolesar et al. (1993) | |
Mexico | |
| Bideaux |
| Peter Megaw collector |
Portugal | |
| MUHNAC (António Bello mineral collection) |
Russia | |
| Kasatkin et al. (2021) |
Slovakia | |
| Polák S. et al. (in Slovak) +1 other reference |
| Polák S. | |
South Africa | |
| Verryn et al. (2000) |
Spain | |
| Mesa et al. (2002) |
| Calvo et al. (2014) |
USA | |
| Castor et al. (2004) |
| Castor et al. (2004) |
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Carlés Mine, Carlés, Salas, Asturias, Spain