Carbocernaite
A valid IMA mineral species
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About Carbocernaite
Formula:
(Ca,Na)(Sr,Ce,Ba)(CO3)2
Colour:
Colorless; white, yellow, yellowish green, rose, or brown if altered.
Lustre:
Vitreous
Hardness:
3
Specific Gravity:
3.53
Crystal System:
Orthorhombic
Name:
Named in 1961 by A. G. Bulakh, V. V. Kondrat'yeva, Ye. N. Baronova in allusion to its composition, containing essential CARBOnate, CERium, and sodium (Latin = NAtrium).
Represents a solid solution between two hypothetical end members CaSr(CO3)2 and NaREE(CO3)2. Crystals with midline composition are monoclinic.
Structurally related to paratooite-(La).
Structurally related to paratooite-(La).
Unique Identifiers
Mindat ID:
892
Long-form identifier:
mindat:1:1:892:9
IMA Classification of Carbocernaite
Classification of Carbocernaite
5.AB.50
5 : CARBONATES (NITRATES)
A : Carbonates without additional anions, without H2O
B : Alkali-earth (and other M2+) carbonates
5 : CARBONATES (NITRATES)
A : Carbonates without additional anions, without H2O
B : Alkali-earth (and other M2+) carbonates
14.4.6.1
14 : ANHYDROUS NORMAL CARBONATES
4 : Miscellaneous
14 : ANHYDROUS NORMAL CARBONATES
4 : Miscellaneous
11.8.17
11 : Carbonates
8 : Carbonates of the rare earths
11 : Carbonates
8 : Carbonates of the rare earths
Mineral Symbols
As of 2021 there are now IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols (abbreviations) for each mineral species, useful for tables and diagrams.
Please only use the official IMA–CNMNC symbol. Older variants are listed for historical use only.
Please only use the official IMA–CNMNC symbol. Older variants are listed for historical use only.
| Symbol | Source | Reference |
|---|---|---|
| Cbc | IMA–CNMNC | Warr, L.N. (2021). IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols. Mineralogical Magazine, 85(3), 291-320. doi:10.1180/mgm.2021.43 |
| Cbc | The Canadian Mineralogist (2019) | The Canadian Mineralogist (2019) The Canadian Mineralogist list of symbols for rock- and ore-forming minerals (December 30, 2019). download |
Physical Properties of Carbocernaite
Vitreous
Transparency:
Transparent, Translucent
Comment:
Greasy on fractures.
Colour:
Colorless; white, yellow, yellowish green, rose, or brown if altered.
Streak:
White
Hardness:
3 on Mohs scale
Tenacity:
Brittle
Cleavage:
Poor/Indistinct
{100}, {021}, and {010}, poor
{100}, {021}, and {010}, poor
Density:
3.53 g/cm3 (Measured) 3.53 g/cm3 (Calculated)
Optical Data of Carbocernaite
Type:
Biaxial (-)
RI values:
nα = 1.569(2) nβ = 1.679(2) nγ = 1.708(2)
2V:
Measured: 52° , Calculated: 50°
Max. Birefringence:
δ = 0.139
Based on recorded range of RI values above.
Based on recorded range of RI values above.
Interference Colours:
The colours simulate birefringence patterns seen in thin section under crossed polars. They do not take into account mineral colouration or opacity.
Michel-Levy Bar The default colours simulate the birefringence range for a 30 µm thin-section thickness. Adjust the slider to simulate a different thickness.
Grain Simulation You can rotate the grain simulation to show how this range might look as you rotated a sample under crossed polars.
The colours simulate birefringence patterns seen in thin section under crossed polars. They do not take into account mineral colouration or opacity.
Michel-Levy Bar The default colours simulate the birefringence range for a 30 µm thin-section thickness. Adjust the slider to simulate a different thickness.
Grain Simulation You can rotate the grain simulation to show how this range might look as you rotated a sample under crossed polars.
Surface Relief:
Moderate
Dispersion:
r > v, marked
Optical Extinction:
X = b; Y = a; Z = c.
Chemistry of Carbocernaite
Mindat Formula:
(Ca,Na)(Sr,Ce,Ba)(CO3)2
Element Weights:
Crystallography of Carbocernaite
Crystal System:
Orthorhombic
Class (H-M):
mm2 - Pyramidal
Cell Parameters:
a = 6.41 Å, b = 7.27 Å, c = 5.19 Å
Ratio:
a:b:c = 0.882 : 1 : 0.714
Unit Cell V:
241.86 ų (Calculated from Unit Cell)
Morphology:
Type material:
{100} prominent, {010}, {001}, {021}, {540}, {210} minor, {305}, {210} vicinal.
{100} prominent, {010}, {001}, {021}, {540}, {210} minor, {305}, {210} vicinal.
Comment:
Space group is Pb21m, but the midline chemical composition leads to monoclinic unit cell, space group Pm
Crystal Structure
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Data courtesy of the American Mineralogist Crystal Structure Database. Click on an AMCSD ID to view structure
| ID | Species | Reference | Link | Year | Locality | Pressure (GPa) | Temp (K) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0014176 | Carbocernaite | Shi N, Ma Z, Peng Z (1982) The crystal structure of carbocernaite Kexue Tongbao 27 76-80 | 1982 | deposits of the Bayan Obo, Baotou, China | 0 | 293 |
CIF Raw Data - click here to close
X-Ray Powder Diffraction
Powder Diffraction Data:
| d-spacing | Intensity |
|---|---|
| 3.00 Å | (100) |
| 2.015 Å | (90) |
| 1.813 Å | (80) |
| 2.60 Å | (70b) |
| 2.29 Å | (70b) |
| 3.66 Å | (50) |
| 2.082 Å | (50) |
Geological Environment
Paragenetic Mode(s):
| Paragenetic Mode | Earliest Age (Ga) |
|---|---|
| Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks | >3.0 |
| 35 : Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks | |
| 36 : Carbonatites, kimberlites, and related igneous rocks |
Type Occurrence of Carbocernaite
General Appearance of Type Material:
As grains and as crystals on walls of cavities.
Place of Conservation of Type Material:
A.E. Fersman Mineralogical Museum, Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia, 64100.
Geological Setting of Type Material:
In dolomite-calcite carbonatite veins 0.5-l m in width in pyroxenites and ijolites.
Associated Minerals at Type Locality:
Synonyms of Carbocernaite
Other Language Names for Carbocernaite
Dutch:Carbocernaiet
German:Carbocernait
Russian:Карбоцернаит
Simplified Chinese:碳酸铈钠矿
Spanish:Carbocernaita
Common Associates
Associated Minerals Based on Photo Data:
| 1 photo of Carbocernaite associated with Georgechaoite | NaKZr[Si3O9] · 2H2O |
| 1 photo of Carbocernaite associated with Strontianite | SrCO3 |
Related Minerals - Strunz-mindat Grouping
| 5.AB.05 | Siderite | FeCO3 |
| 5.AB.05 | Rhodochrosite | MnCO3 |
| 5.AB.05 | Calcite | CaCO3 |
| 5.AB.05 | Smithsonite | ZnCO3 |
| 5.AB.05 | Gaspéite | NiCO3 |
| 5.AB.05 | Spherocobaltite | CoCO3 |
| 5.AB.05 | Magnesite | MgCO3 |
| 5.AB.05 | Otavite | CdCO3 |
| 5.AB.05 va | Parakutnohorite | |
| 5.AB.10 | Dolomite | CaMg(CO3)2 |
| 5.AB.10 | Minrecordite | CaZn(CO3)2 |
| 5.AB.10 | Škáchaite | CaCo(CO3)2 |
| 5.AB.10 | Ankerite | Ca(Fe2+,Mg)(CO3)2 |
| 5.AB.10 | Kutnohorite | CaMn2+(CO3)2 |
| 5.AB.15 | Aragonite | CaCO3 |
| 5.AB.15 | Cerussite | PbCO3 |
| 5.AB.15 | Witherite | BaCO3 |
| 5.AB.15 | Strontianite | SrCO3 |
| 5.AB.20 | Vaterite | CaCO3 |
| 5.AB.25 | Huntite | CaMg3(CO3)4 |
| 5.AB.30 | Norsethite | BaMg(CO3)2 |
| 5.AB.35 | Alstonite | BaCa(CO3)2 |
| 5.AB.40 | Paralstonite | BaCa(CO3)2 |
| 5.AB.40 | Olekminskite | Sr(Sr,Ca,Ba)(CO3)2 |
| 5.AB.45 | Barytocalcite | BaCa(CO3)2 |
| 5.AB.55 | Benstonite | Ba6Ca6Mg(CO3)13 |
| 5.AB.60 | Juangodoyite | Na2Cu(CO3)2 |
Other Information
Thermal Behaviour:
DTA: Two sharp endothermal effects at 650° and 950°, a small endothermal effect at 700°, and a minimum at 1200°.
Notes:
Easily soluble in dilute HCl.
Health Risks:
No information on health risks for this material has been entered into the database. You should always treat mineral specimens with care.
Internet Links for Carbocernaite
mindat.org URL:
https://www.mindat.org/min-892.html
Please feel free to link to this page.
Please feel free to link to this page.
Search Engines:
External Links:
References for Carbocernaite
Reference List:
IMA (1967) International Mineralogical Association: Commission on New Minerals and Mineral Names. Mineralogical Magazine and Journal of the Mineralogical Society, 36 (277) 131-136 doi:10.1180/minmag.1967.036.277.20
Voronkov, A. A., Pyatenko, Yu. A. (1968) Crystal structure of carbocernaite (Na, Ca) (TR, Sr, Ca, Ba) (CO3)2. Journal of Structural Chemistry, 8 (5). 835-840 doi:10.1007/bf00746498
Dunn, P. J., Fleischer, M., Chao, G. Y., Cabri, L. J., Mandarino, J. A. (1983) New mineral names. American Mineralogist, 68 (11-12) 1248-1252
Zaitsev, Anatoly N., Wall, Frances, Le Bas, Michael J. (1998) REE -Sr-Ba minerals from the Khibina carbonatites, Kola Peninsula, Russia: their mineralogy, paragenesis and evolution. Mineralogical Magazine, 62 (2) 225-250 doi:10.1180/002646198547594
Localities for Carbocernaite
symbol to view information about a locality.
The Locality List
- This locality has map coordinates listed.
- This locality has estimated coordinates.
ⓘ - Click for references and further information on this occurrence.
? - Indicates mineral may be doubtful at this locality.
- Good crystals or important locality for species.
- World class for species or very significant.
(TL) - Type Locality for a valid mineral species.
(FRL) - First Recorded Locality for everything else (eg varieties).
All localities listed without proper references should be considered as questionable.
Afghanistan | |
| Yeremenko et al. (1982) +2 other references |
Angola | |
| Gonçalves +1 other reference |
| Borst et al. (2023) |
Australia | |
| Downes et al. (2014) |
Brazil | |
| Alves Santos et al. (2021) |
| Silva et al. (2019) |
| Traversa et al. (2001) |
| Traversa et al. (2001) | |
| Costanzo et al. (2006) +1 other reference |
Canada | |
| Dai (1995) |
| Harris (1972) |
| Grice (1989) +1 other reference |
| Nadeau et al. (2015) +2 other references |
China | |
| Mineralogical Society of America - ... |
| Yi-Li et al. (2023) |
| Rock and Mineral Museum of the Institute of Geology (1979) +1 other reference | |
| Zhang Peishan et al. (1996) +3 other references |
Finland | |
| Al-Ani Thair +1 other reference |
India | |
| Bhushan (2015) +1 other reference |
| Mishra (1987) +5 other references |
| Bhushan et al. (2019) | |
| Bhushan et al. (2019) | |
| Bhushan et al. (2019) | |
| Bhushan et al. (2019) | |
| Bhushan et al. (2019) | |
| Doroshkevich et al. (2009) |
| Burtseva et al. (2013) |
Morocco | |
| Malainine et al. (2025) |
Namibia | |
| Drüppel et al. (2004) |
| Sitnikova et al. (2021) |
| Berger et al. (2009) |
| Orris et al. (2002) | |
New Zealand | |
| Cooper et al. (2008) +1 other reference |
| Woolley (2019) |
Russia | |
| Чередниченко et al. (2014) |
| Попова et al. (2019) |
| Koneva A.A. et al. (2010) |
| Mills et al. (2012) | |
| И.И. et al. (2023) |
| Sorokhtina et al. (2019) |
| Pekov et al. (2004) |
| Leon Hupperichs specimen | |
| Pekov (2003) |
| Zaitsev et al. (1998) +1 other reference | |
| ... | |
| BULAKH et al. (1961) +1 other reference |
| Kozlov +9 other references | |
| Mineralogical Society of America - ... |
| Nokleberg | |
| Okrugin et al. (2021) |
South Africa | |
| Giebel et al. (2017) |
Spain | |
| Ковальчук et al. (2014) |
USA | |
| Gammons et al. (2024) |
| Robin D. Tibbit (deceased) |
| Van Rythoven et al. (2020) |
| Hutchinson et al. (2022) | |
| Andersen et al. (2017) | |
| M. Moore (2010) +2 other references | |
Vietnam | |
| Mineralogical Society of America - ... |
| Chi et al. (2008, August) +3 other references |
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Kirovskii apatite mine, Kukisvumchorr Mt, Khibiny Massif, Murmansk Oblast, Russia