Uranophane
A valid IMA mineral species - grandfathered
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About Uranophane
Formula:
Ca(UO2)2(SiO3OH)2 · 5H2O
Colour:
Light yellow, lemon-yellow, honey-yellow, straw-yellow, green-yellow
Lustre:
Vitreous, Greasy, Silky, Dull, Earthy
Hardness:
2 - 3
Specific Gravity:
3.8 - 3.91
Crystal System:
Monoclinic
Member of:
Name:
Named in 1853 by Christian Friedrich Martin Websky for the chemical composition containing URANium plus Greek φαινερθαι "phainesthai", to appear, in allusion to the uncertainty of its composition as originally determined. Long named uranophane-α to distinguish it from its polymorph uranophane-β, it was renamed in 2022 by the IMA to simply uranophane.
Type Locality:
Polymorph of:
Unique Identifiers
Mindat ID:
4107
Long-form identifier:
mindat:1:1:4107:8
IMA Classification of Uranophane
Approved, 'Grandfathered' (first described prior to 1959)
IMA status notes:
Renamed by the IMA
First published:
1853
Classification of Uranophane
9.AK.15
9 : SILICATES (Germanates)
A : Nesosilicates
K : Uranyl neso- and polysilicates
9 : SILICATES (Germanates)
A : Nesosilicates
K : Uranyl neso- and polysilicates
53.3.1.2
53 : NESOSILICATES Insular SiO4 Groups and Other Anions or Complex Cations
3 : Insular SiO4 Groups and Other Anions of Complex Cations with (UO2)
53 : NESOSILICATES Insular SiO4 Groups and Other Anions or Complex Cations
3 : Insular SiO4 Groups and Other Anions of Complex Cations with (UO2)
14.16.10
14 : Silicates not Containing Aluminum
16 : Silicates of U
14 : Silicates not Containing Aluminum
16 : Silicates of U
Mineral Symbols
As of 2021 there are now IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols (abbreviations) for each mineral species, useful for tables and diagrams.
Please only use the official IMA–CNMNC symbol. Older variants are listed for historical use only.
Please only use the official IMA–CNMNC symbol. Older variants are listed for historical use only.
| Symbol | Source | Reference |
|---|---|---|
| Urp-α | IMA–CNMNC | Warr, L.N. (2021). IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols. Mineralogical Magazine, 85(3), 291-320. doi:10.1180/mgm.2021.43 |
| Urp | The Canadian Mineralogist (2019) | The Canadian Mineralogist (2019) The Canadian Mineralogist list of symbols for rock- and ore-forming minerals (December 30, 2019). download |
Pronunciation of Uranophane
Pronunciation:
| Play | Recorded by | Country |
|---|---|---|
| Jolyon Ralph | United Kingdom |
Physical Properties of Uranophane
Vitreous, Greasy, Silky, Dull, Earthy
Transparency:
Transparent, Translucent
Comment:
Pearly on cleavage, waxy or dull when massive
Colour:
Light yellow, lemon-yellow, honey-yellow, straw-yellow, green-yellow
Hardness:
2 - 3 on Mohs scale
Tenacity:
Brittle
Cleavage:
Perfect
on {100}
on {100}
Density:
3.8 - 3.91 g/cm3 (Measured) 3.78 g/cm3 (Calculated)
Optical Data of Uranophane
Type:
Biaxial (-)
RI values:
nα = 1.643 nβ = 1.666 nγ = 1.669
2V:
Measured: 32° to 45°, Calculated: 38°
Max. Birefringence:
δ = 0.026
Based on recorded range of RI values above.
Based on recorded range of RI values above.
Interference Colours:
The colours simulate birefringence patterns seen in thin section under crossed polars. They do not take into account mineral colouration or opacity.
Michel-Levy Bar The default colours simulate the birefringence range for a 30 µm thin-section thickness. Adjust the slider to simulate a different thickness.
Grain Simulation You can rotate the grain simulation to show how this range might look as you rotated a sample under crossed polars.
The colours simulate birefringence patterns seen in thin section under crossed polars. They do not take into account mineral colouration or opacity.
Michel-Levy Bar The default colours simulate the birefringence range for a 30 µm thin-section thickness. Adjust the slider to simulate a different thickness.
Grain Simulation You can rotate the grain simulation to show how this range might look as you rotated a sample under crossed polars.
Surface Relief:
Moderate
Dispersion:
r < v strong
Pleochroism:
Weak
Comments:
X= colorless
Y= pale canary yellow
Z= canary yellow
Y= pale canary yellow
Z= canary yellow
Chemistry of Uranophane
Mindat Formula:
Ca(UO2)2(SiO3OH)2 · 5H2O
Element Weights:
Crystallography of Uranophane
Crystal System:
Monoclinic
Class (H-M):
2 - Sphenoidal
Space Group:
P21
Cell Parameters:
a = 15.909(6) Å, b = 7.002(3) Å, c = 6.665(3) Å
β = 97.27(4)°
β = 97.27(4)°
Ratio:
a:b:c = 2.272 : 1 : 0.952
Unit Cell V:
736.48 ų (Calculated from Unit Cell)
Z:
2
Morphology:
Composite needles, stellate aggregates, fibrous or felted crusts, massive.
Comment:
Cell from Ginderow (1988).
Crystal Structure
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Data courtesy of the American Mineralogist Crystal Structure Database. Click on an AMCSD ID to view structure
| ID | Species | Reference | Link | Year | Locality | Pressure (GPa) | Temp (K) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0000081 | Uranophane | Smith D K, Gruner J W, Lipscomb W N (1957) The crystal structure of uranophane [Ca(H3O)2](UO2)2(SiO4)2.3H2O American Mineralogist 42 594-618 |  | 1957 | Chinkolobwe deposits, Belgian Congo, Africa | 0 | 293 |
| 0000837 | Uranophane | Stohl F V, Smith D K (1981) The crystal chemistry of the uranyl silicate minerals American Mineralogist 66 610-625 | | 1981 | Shinkolobwe, Katanga | 0 | 293 |
| 0001061 | Uranophane | Viswanathan K, Harneit O (1986) Refined crystal structure of beta-uranophane, Ca(UO2)2(SiO3OH)2.5H2O American Mineralogist 71 1489-1493 | | 1986 | Roessing, South-West Africa | 0 | 293 |
| 0010068 | Uranophane | Ginderow D (1988) Structure de l'uranophane alpha, Ca(UO2)2(SiO3OH)2*5H2O Acta Crystallographica C44 421-424 |  | 1988 | Bois Noirs du Puy-de-Dome, France | 0 | 293 |
| 0018695 | Uranophane | Barinova A V, Rastsvetaeva R K, Sidorenko G A, Verin I A (2003) Crystal structure of beta-uranophane from the Transbaikal region and its relation to the structure of the a modification Crystallography Reports 48 12-15 | 2003 | Streltsovkii ore field, Transbaikal region, Russia | 0 | 293 | |
| 0018734 | Uranophane | Barinova A V, Rastsvetaeva R K, Sidorenko G A, Verin I A (2003) Crystal structure of beta-uranophane from the Transbaikal region and its relation to the structure of the alpha modification Crystallography Reports 48 12-15 | 2003 | Transbaikal region, Russia | 0 | 293 | |
| 0012507 | Uranophane | Barinova A V, Rastsvetaeva R K, Sidorenko G A, Pushcharovsky D Y (2001) Crystal structure of high-symmetry alpha-uranophane Doklady Chemistry 378 122-124 | 2001 | Strel'tsovskii ore field, Transbaikal region, Russia | 0 | 293 |
CIF Raw Data - click here to close
X-Ray Powder Diffraction
Powder Diffraction Data:
| d-spacing | Intensity |
|---|---|
| 7.88 Å | (100) |
| 3.94 Å | (90) |
| 2.99 Å | (80) |
| 2.91 Å | (80) |
| 1.969 Å | (70) |
| 4.76 Å | (50) |
| 3.20 Å | (50) |
| 2.63 Å | (50) |
| 2.10 Å | (50) |
| 6.61 Å | (40) |
| 5.42 Å | (40) |
| 3.60 Å | (40) |
| 3.51 Å | (40) |
| 2.69 Å | (40) |
| 2.20 Å | (40) |
Comments:
Ruggles pegmatite, New Hampshire, USA. Data from Frondel et al. (1956).
Geological Environment
Paragenetic Mode(s):
| Paragenetic Mode | Earliest Age (Ga) |
|---|---|
| Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event | <2.4 |
| 47a : [Near-surface hydration of prior minerals] | |
| 47f : [Uranyl (U⁶⁺) minerals] | |
| Stage 10b: Anthropogenic minerals | <10 Ka |
| 55 : Anthropogenic mine minerals | |
| 57 : Other minerals formed by human processes |
Geological Setting:
Secondary mineral in uranium deposits and pegmatites.
Type Occurrence of Uranophane
Place of Conservation of Type Material:
Holotype - Mineralogical Museum of the Institute of Geological Science, University of Wracłav, Wracłav, Poland.
Synonyms of Uranophane
Other Language Names for Uranophane
Relationship of Uranophane to other Species
Member of:
Other Members of Uranophane Group:
| Boltwoodite | (K,Na)(UO2)(SiO3OH) · 1.5H2O | Mon. 2 : P21 |
| Natroboltwoodite | Na(UO2)(SiO3OH) · H2O | Orth. 2 2 2 : P21 21 21 |
| Parauranophane | Ca(UO2)2(SiO3OH)2 · 5H2O | Mon. 2/m : P21/b |
Common Associates
Associated Minerals Based on Photo Data:
| 204 photos of Uranophane associated with Uraninite | UO2 |
| 77 photos of Uranophane associated with Malachite | Cu2(CO3)(OH)2 |
| 66 photos of Uranophane associated with Fourmarierite | Pb(UO2)4O3(OH)4 · 4H2O |
| 63 photos of Uranophane associated with Haiweeite | Ca(UO2)2[Si5O12(OH)2] · 6H2O |
| 58 photos of Uranophane associated with Rutherfordine | (UO2)CO3 |
| 52 photos of Uranophane associated with Quartz | SiO2 |
| 43 photos of Uranophane associated with Fluorite | CaF2 |
| 42 photos of Uranophane associated with Studtite | [(UO2)(O2)(H2O)2] · H2O |
| 41 photos of Uranophane associated with Albite | Na(AlSi3O8) |
| 37 photos of Uranophane associated with Gummite |
Related Minerals - Strunz-mindat Grouping
| 9.AK. | Orlite | Pb3(UO2)3(Si2O7)2 · 6H2O |
| 9.AK.05 | Soddyite | (UO2)2SiO4 · 2H2O |
| 9.AK.10 | Sklodowskite | Mg(UO2)2(SiO3OH)2 · 6H2O |
| 9.AK.10 | Cuprosklodowskite | Cu(UO2)2(SiO3OH)2 · 6H2O |
| 9.AK.10 | Oursinite | Co(UO2)2(SiO3OH)2 · 6H2O |
| 9.AK.15 | Parauranophane | Ca(UO2)2(SiO3OH)2 · 5H2O |
| 9.AK.15 | Natroboltwoodite | Na(UO2)(SiO3OH) · H2O |
| 9.AK.15 | Kasolite | Pb(UO2)(SiO4) · H2O |
| 9.AK.15 | Boltwoodite | (K,Na)(UO2)(SiO3OH) · 1.5H2O |
| 9.AK.20 | Swamboite-(Nd) | Nd0.333[(UO2)(SiO3OH)](H2O)~2.5 |
| 9.AK.25 | Haiweeite | Ca(UO2)2[Si5O12(OH)2] · 6H2O |
| 9.AK.25 | Metahaiweeite | Ca(UO2)2Si6O15 · nH2O |
| 9.AK.30 | Weeksite | K2(UO2)2(Si5O13) · 4H2O |
| 9.AK.30 | Coutinhoite | ThxBa(1-2x)(UO2)2Si5O13 · (H2O)1+y (0 < x < 0.5 and 0 < y < (2+x)) |
| 9.AK.30 | Barronite | (◻0.5Ba0.5)(UO2)2Si5O12(OH) · 2H2O |
| 9.AK.35 | Magnioursilite | Mg4(UO2)4(Si2O5)5(OH)6 · 20H2O |
| 9.AK.35 | Calcioursilite | Ca4(UO2)4(Si2O5)5(OH)6 · 15H2O |
| 9.AK.40 | Uranosilite | UO3 · 7SiO2 |
Radioactivity
Radioactivity:
| Element | % Content | Activity (Bq/kg) | Radiation Type |
|---|---|---|---|
| Uranium (U) | 55.5888% | 13,897,200 | α, β, γ |
| Thorium (Th) | 0.0000% | 0 | α, β, γ |
| Potassium (K) | 0.0000% | 0 | β, γ |
For comparison:
- Banana: ~15 Bq per fruit
- Granite: 1,000–3,000 Bq/kg
- EU exemption limit: 10,000 Bq/kg
Note: Risk is shown relative to daily recommended maximum exposure to non-background radiation of 1000 µSv/year. Note that natural background radiation averages around 2400 µSv/year so in reality these risks are probably extremely overstated! With infrequent handling and safe storage natural radioactive minerals do not usually pose much risk.
Interactive Simulator:
Note: The mass selector refers to the mass of radioactive mineral present, not the full specimen, also be aware that the matrix may also be radioactive, possibly more radioactive than this mineral!
Activity: –
| Distance | Dose rate | Risk |
|---|---|---|
| 1 cm | ||
| 10 cm | ||
| 1 m |
The external dose rate (D) from a radioactive mineral is estimated by summing the gamma radiation contributions from its Uranium, Thorium, and Potassium content, disregarding daughter-product which may have a significant effect in some cases (eg 'pitchblende'). This involves multiplying the activity (A, in Bq) of each element by its specific gamma ray constant (Γ), which accounts for its unique gamma emissions. The total unshielded dose at 1 cm is then scaled by the square of the distance (r, in cm) and multiplied by a shielding factor (μshield). This calculation provides a 'worst-case' or 'maximum risk' estimate because it assumes the sample is a point source and entirely neglects any self-shielding where radiation is absorbed within the mineral itself, meaning actual doses will typically be lower. The resulting dose rate (D) is expressed in microsieverts per hour (μSv/h).
D = ((AU × ΓU) + (ATh × ΓTh) + (AK × ΓK)) / r2 × μshield
Fluorescence of Uranophane
Weakly green, usually not fluorescent when massive.
Other Information
Health Risks:
Contains uranium - always wash hands after handling. Avoid inhaling dust when handling or breaking. Never lick or ingest. Avoid prolonged exposure in proximity of the body. Store away from inhabited areas.
Internet Links for Uranophane
mindat.org URL:
https://www.mindat.org/min-4107.html
Please feel free to link to this page.
Please feel free to link to this page.
Search Engines:
External Links:
References for Uranophane
Reference List:
Frondel, C.; Riska, D.; Frondel, J.D. (1956) X-ray powder data for uranium and thorium minerals. Bulletin 1036g. US Geological Survey doi:10.3133/b1036g
Stohl, Frances V., Smith, Deane K. (1981) The crystal chemistry of the uranyl silicate minerals. American Mineralogist, 66 (5-6) 610-624
Ginderow, D. (1988) Structure de l'uranophane alpha, Ca(UO2)2(SiO3OH)2·5H2O. Acta Crystallographica Section C Crystal Structure Communications, 44 (3) 421-424 doi:10.1107/s0108270187011491
Burns, Peter C. (2005) U6+ minerals and inorganic compounds: insights into an expanded structural hierarchy of crystal structures. The Canadian Mineralogist, 43 (6) 1839-1894 doi:10.2113/gscanmin.43.6.1839
Colmenero, Francisco, Timón, Vicente, Bonales, Laura J., Cobos, Joaquín (2018) Structural, mechanical and Raman spectroscopic characterization of the layered uranyl silicate mineral, uranophane-α, by density functional theory methods. Clay Minerals, 53 (3) 377-392 doi:10.1180/clm.2018.27
Frankland, Victoria L., Rickman, Sam P., Milodowski, Antoni E., Read, David (2022) Characterisation of Uranophane and Boltwoodite by Raman, luminescence and laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy. Applied Geochemistry, 138. 105183 doi:10.1016/j.apgeochem.2021.105183
Localities for Uranophane
symbol to view information about a locality.
The Locality List
- This locality has map coordinates listed.
- This locality has estimated coordinates.
ⓘ - Click for references and further information on this occurrence.
? - Indicates mineral may be doubtful at this locality.
- Good crystals or important locality for species.
- World class for species or very significant.
(TL) - Type Locality for a valid mineral species.
(FRL) - First Recorded Locality for everything else (eg varieties).
All localities listed without proper references should be considered as questionable.
Algeria | |
| Michael Cline Collection - Specimen ... |
Argentina | |
| O. Morello y C. N. Reyes Encinas (1990) |
| O. Morello y C. N. Reyes Encinas (1990) | |
| M. E. Saulnier y F. Greco (1988) | |
| Morello (2016) |
| Friz |
| Padrón de Minas de la Provincia de Chubut (2005) |
| C. T. Friz | |
| Friz |
| Lavinsky (n.d.) +1 other reference |
| Victorio Angelelli (1958) |
| Victorio Angelelli (1958) | |
| Mr. Nelson Valenzuela. |
| Minerals acquired from Nelson Valenzuela | |
| Victorio Angelelli (1958) |
| Victorio Angelelli (1958) |
| Victorio Angelelli (1958) | |
| Victorio Angelelli (1958) | |
| Victorio Angelelli (1958) | |
| Lucero et al. (1963) | |
| Victorio Angelelli (1958) | |
| Victorio Angelelli (1958) +1 other reference | |
| Victorio Angelelli (1958) | |
| Lucero et al. (1963) |
| Victorio Angelelli (1958) |
| Victorio Angelelli (1958) |
| Victorio Angelelli (1958) |
| Fernando Sardi et al. (2016) +1 other reference |
| Raúl Jorge Tauber Larry |
| Angelelli (1958) | |
| Angelelli (1958) | |
| C. T. Friz | |
| C. T. Friz |
| Sureda |
| Angelelli (1958) |
| Victorio Angelelii (1958) |
| Minerals Yearbook 1955 USBM p1288 | |
| C. T. Friz |
| C. T. Friz |
| Raúl Jorge Tauber Larry +1 other reference | |
| Raúl Jorge Tauber Larry |
Australia | |
| Drake-Brockman (1995) |
| Angela Giblin (2004) |
| |
| |
| South Australian Museum collections / ... +3 other references |
| SA Geodata Database - Mineral Deposit ... |
| Coats et al. (1971) | |
| SA Geodata Database - Mineral Deposit ... +1 other reference | |
| SA Geodata Database - Mineral Deposit ... | |
| Coats et al. (1971) | |
| Record of mines (1980) |
| |
| Noble et al. (1983) |
| SA Geodata Database - Mineral Deposit ... |
| SA Geodata Database | |
| Bottrill et al. (2008) |
| Pegamtites of Western Australia +2 other references |
Austria | |
| Niedermayr et al. (1995) |
| Meixner (1981) +1 other reference |
| G.Blaß (2000) |
| Niedermayr et al. (1995) |
| Strasser (1989) |
| U. Kolitsch (PXRD) +1 other reference |
| Strasser (1989) | |
| Strasser (1989) | |
| Strasser (1989) | |
| Postl et al. (1987) |
Brazil | |
| A.M.D.V. Chaves (2005) |
| Prates et al. (2009) |
| Pires et al. (2014) | |
| Sergio Varvello collection |
| Grainger et al. (2008) |
| XRD confirmed |
| Eric Quinter collection | |
| D Atencio & R Hypolito () +1 other reference |
| Fosfatos e Silicatos Secundários de ... | |
Canada | |
| Dixon et al. (2014) |
| Paul (1984) |
| Wilson (1991) |
| Mumin et al. (2025) |
| Tyson (1989) +1 other reference |
| Landry et al. (2022) |
| Landry et al. (2022) | |
| Geological Association of Canada (2014) |
| P.B. Tomascak et al. (1994) |
| Robertson (1976) |
| 162-165. +1 other reference | |
| Ontario Ministry of Northern ... |
| Pouliot et al. (1964) | |
| Sabina (1986) | |
| Ontario MDI Number: MDI31D16NE00032 +1 other reference | |
| GSC misc report 39 | |
| Sabina (1986) |
| www.geologyontario.mndm.gov.on.ca (n.d.) | |
| geological survey of canada economic ... +1 other reference | |
| Pegmatite showing is exposed by an ... |
| GSC misc report 39 | |
| Hewitt (1967) +3 other references |
| Sabina (1991) |
| Sabina (1991) | |
| MDI Number: MDI52F13SW00041 |
| MDI Number: MDI52F13SW00043 +1 other reference | |
| Sabina (1971) |
| MDI Number: MDI000000000622 |
| Satterly (1956) |
| www.geologyontario.mndm.gov.on.ca (n.d.) |
| Sabina (1986) |
| Ontario Ministry of Northern ... |
| Ellsworth et al. (1934) |
| Canadian Museum of Nature & Horvath ... +1 other reference |
| Alexandre et al. (2014) |
| SASSANO et al. (1987) | |
| Mineralienkabinet J. de Fourestier |
| Hull-Maniwaki +1 other reference |
| M et al. (1971) +1 other reference |
| 80-18 +1 other reference |
| SIGEOM systeme d'information geominiere ... |
| Sabina (1971) +1 other reference | |
| Alexandre et al. (2012) |
| Ng et al. (2013) | |
| Mark Hatton (2021) |
| Knipping (1974) | |
| Boulanger (2012) | |
| SRK Consulting (Canada) |
| SRK Consulting (Canada) | |
| Watkinson et al. (1975) | |
| Liang (2015) |
| Liang (2015) | |
| Jeremy Zolan |
| Hogarth (1951) |
| USGS Open File Report 81-1666 | |
| Sabina (1972) |
Chad | |
| Olivier et al. (2021) |
China | |
| Maozhong Min (1985) |
| National Geological Archives of China ... |
| National Geological Archives of China ... |
| Shixian Liu (1983) |
| Qi et al. (2024) |
| National Geological Archives of China ... | |
| National Geological Archives of China ... | |
| National Geological Archives of China ... |
| Long Lu et al. (2006) +1 other reference |
| National Geological Archives of China ... |
| Guangyin Shen (2011) |
| Yu Wang et al. (2007) |
| Jian-Wei Li et al. (2002) |
| National Geological Archives of China ... |
| Liu et al. (2025) |
| National Geological Archives of China ... |
| Fei Shao et al. (2008) |
| Fei Shao et al. (2008) | |
| Fei Shao et al. (2008) | |
| Fei Shao et al. (2008) | |
| Fei Shao et al. (2008) | |
| Fei Shao et al. (2008) |
| Fei Shao et al. (2008) | |
| Fei Shao et al. (2008) | |
| Fei Shao et al. (2008) | |
| Fei Shao et al. (2008) +1 other reference |
| Min et al. (1999) |
| Yang et al. (2017) |
| Yang et al. (2017) | |
| Yang et al. (2017) | |
| Yang et al. (2017) | |
| Maozhong Min et al. (2005) |
| Wu et al. (2019) |
| Dahlkamp (2009) |
| Dahlkamp (2009) | |
| Dahlkamp (2009) |
| National Geological Archives of China ... |
| Abudukeyumu et al. (2022) |
| |
| Wei Mao et al. (2013) |
| Jiazhi Zhou (1990) | |
Czech Republic | |
| Pauliš P. et al. (Kutna Hora, issue 1) |
| Plasil (2005) |
| Pauliš P. et al. (Kutna Hora, issue 1) | |
| Pauliš P. et al. (Kutna Hora, issue 1) |
| Journal of Geosciences 54:15-56 +1 other reference |
| Pauliš P. et al. (Kutna Hora, issue 1) |
| Ondruš et al. (1997) | |
| Pauliš P. et al. (Kutna Hora, issue 1) |
| 70 (in German) +2 other references | |
| Pauliš et al. (2008) |
| Pauliš P. |
| Sejkora +1 other reference |
| |
| Sejkora (1994) |
| Sejkora J. et al. (Česká republika) |
| Pauliš P. et al. (Kutna Hora, issue 1) |
| Sobota et al. ( 1984 ) |
| Uranové minerály České republiky a ... |
| Škácha et al. (2017) | |
| Sejkora et al. (2007) +1 other reference |
| Pauliš et al. (2008) |
| Pauliš P. et al. (Kutna Hora, issue 1) |
| Mineralienwelt 1993 (1) |
| Petr Pauliš | |
DR Congo | |
| KMMA +1 other reference |
| Gécamines (1977) | |
| Deliens (1996) |
| KMMA | |
| KMMA |
| KMMA |
| Deliens (1996) +1 other reference |
| Deliens +1 other reference | |
| Anthony et al. (2003) | |
| Anthony et al. (2003) | |
| Deliens (1992) | |
| KMMA |
| Wilson (2018) | |
| |
Egypt | |
| Mohamed (2013) |
| Ehab K. Abu Zeid (2020) +1 other reference |
| El-Naby (2009) | |
| Abd El-Naby (2008) +1 other reference | |
| Emad et al. (2022) | |
| Nagar et al. (2020) | |
| JKAU: Earth Sci. et al. (2008 A.D. / 1429 A.H.) | |
| Abd El Rahman et al. (2022) | |
| International Geological Congress (2008) |
| Abed et al. (2022) | |
| Abd El-Naby (2009) +2 other references | |
| B.H. Ali et al. (2008) | |
| Shalan (2021) |
| Yehia H. Dawood (2011) +2 other references | |
| Mouhareb (2017) | |
| Hussein et al. (1988) | |
| Ibrahim et al. (2013) +1 other reference |
| Ibrahim (2014) +2 other references |
| Bisher (2012) |
Finland | |
| Iljina (1994) |
| Halls (2005) |
| en.gtk.fi (2010) |
| Piirainen | |
| Ilkka Mikkola collection |
| Laverov et al. (2008) |
France | |
| Boisson et al. (2000) |
| Meisser (2012) |
| |
| J. Geffroy | |
| J.-J. Périchaud: "Où trouver les minéraux d'Auvergne" et al. (Clermont-Ferrand) | |
| J. Chervet |
| H. Agrinier and J. Geffroy : "Les Minéraux Séléniés du Point Uranifère de Liauzun-en-Olloix (Puy de Dôme) |
| Chollet pascal collection - XRD analysed by Michel Blondieau at "Laboratoire de minéralogie (Belgium) |
| - (1998) |
| P.-C. Guiollard (2002) | |
| J. Geffroy | |
| J. Chervet | |
| J. Chervet | |
| Queneau (n.d.) | |
| De Ascençao Guedes (2000) |
| OLLIC Pascal Collection |
| Claude Terschluse collection. |
| - (1998) |
| OLLIC Pascal Collection +1 other reference |
| OLLIC Pascal Collection +1 other reference |
| J. Chervet and G +1 other reference |
| Schillinger et al. (2001) |
| BILAN ENVIRONNEMENTAL (2014) |
| Pierrot et al. (1973) |
| Saget et al. (1989) | |
| R. Pierrot |
| R. Pierrot |
| R. Pierrot | |
| R. Pierrot |
| R. Pierrot | |
| R. Pierrot | |
| R. Pierrot |
| Hohl (1994) |
| El Mendili et al. (2022) |
| |
| Queneau (n.d.) |
| J. Chervet |
| Lièvre et al. (2002) |
| Lièvre et al. (2002) |
| Lièvre et al. (2002) |
| Belot (1978) |
| - (1998) |
| - (1998) | |
| J. Geffroy |
| Econ Geol (1997) +1 other reference |
| R. Pierrot |
| Agrinier et al. (1969) |
| Collection Frédéric Bonnet |
| - (1998) | |
| Georges Favreau specimens | |
| Favreau (n.d.) |
| Bariand et al. (1993) +2 other references |
| Collection Frédéric Bonnet |
| Berbain et al. (2005) +1 other reference |
| J. Geffroy |
| J. Geffroy |
| R. Pierrot |
| R. Pierrot | |
| Pierrot et al. (1974) +1 other reference | |
| R. Pierrot |
| R. Pierrot |
| Favreau et al. (2024) |
| Valerie GALEA-CLOLUS collection +2 other references | |
Gabon | |
| Janusz Janeczek (1999) |
Germany | |
| Walenta (1992) +1 other reference |
| |
| |
| Walenta (1992) | |
| |
| Weiß (1990) |
| Falkenstein (2010) |
| |
| Habel (1995) +1 other reference |
| Weiß (1990) |
| Wittern (2001) |
| DILL et al. (1986) +2 other references |
| Dill et al. (2010) |
| Wittern (2001) |
| Weiß (1990) |
| web.archive.org (2001) |
| Dill et al. (2010) |
| Dill et al. (2010) |
| Stephan Wolfried |
| P Mostmans collection | |
| Weiß (1990) | |
| - (n.d.) |
| Weiß (1990) |
| Weiß (1990) | |
| Weiß (1990) |
| Dill et al. (2010) | |
| N. Jb. Miner. Abh. 115 (1971) |
| Weiß (1990) |
| Wittern (2001) |
| Desor (05/2020) |
| Lapis (4) |
| ... |
| Wittern (2001) |
| Hajek (2010) |
| Vollstädt et al.: "Micromounts" (1988) |
| Wittern (2001) |
| Bültemann et al. (1959) +1 other reference |
| Neschen (n.d.) |
| Tröger (2006) +1 other reference | |
| Wittern (2001) | |
| Wittern (2001) |
Greece | |
| Rieck et al. (2018) |
Hungary | |
| Zsombor Eva Collection |
| Koch (1985) |
India | |
| Verma et al. (2018) |
| Singh et al. (2015) |
| SINGH et al. (2014) |
| Singh et al. (2002) |
| Sinha et al. (2018) |
| American Mineralogist: 41: 127-133 |
| Eric Quinter collection |
| Current Science | |
| Tilak et al. (1963, January) |
Iran | |
| Khoshnoodi et al. (2025) |
| Iranmanesh et al. (2018) |
Italy | |
| Piccoli et al. (2007) |
| Piccoli et al. (2007) | |
| Daniele Ravagnani - I giacimenti ... |
| Banti et al. (2011) +1 other reference |
| Marchesini et al. (2025) +1 other reference |
| Ghizzoni et al. (2005) |
| Ravagnani (1974) |
| Martini et al. (2012) |
| Martini et al. (2012) | |
| Piccoli (2002) +1 other reference |
| Marello et al. (2013) +1 other reference | |
| Ravagnani (1974) |
| Ravagnani (1974) +2 other references |
| . Ravagnani - I giacimenti uraniferi ... +1 other reference |
| Piccoli et al. (2007) | |
| Ippolito (1954) |
| Ravagnani (1974) |
| Piccoli et al. (2007) |
| Piccoli et al. (2007) |
| Daniele Ravagnani - I giacimenti ... +1 other reference |
| Daniele Ravagnani - I giacimenti ... |
| Rivista Mineralogica Italiana (1) |
| Mattioli (1987 c) |
| Piccoli et al. (2007) | |
| Stara (1990) |
| Garavelli et al. (1959) +2 other references | |
| Ref: Daniele Ravagnani - I giacimenti ... +1 other reference |
| Gamboni et al. (1997) |
| Gamboni A. |
| Gamboni et al. (1998) |
| Ravagnani (1974) |
| Campostrini et al. (2006) |
| Ferretti et al. (2008) |
| Vignola et al. (2018) |
| Campostrini et al. (2005) |
Japan | |
| Yamada (2004) |
| - (n.d.) |
| Kamitani et al. (2007) |
| USGS (1978) |
| - (n.d.) |
Kazakhstan | |
| Anthony et al. (1990) |
Madagascar | |
| Behier (1963) |
| Behier (1963) |
| Behier (1963) | |
| Behier (1963) | |
Malawi | |
| H.G. Dill +1 other reference |
Mexico | |
| George-Aniel et al. (1991) +1 other reference |
| Econ Geol (1991) +3 other references | |
| S. J. Mills data (Ray Hill specimen) | |
| Econ Geol (1991) | |
| Roger Wells (1930) +1 other reference |
| Megaw (2023) |
| M. Origlieri ID |
Myanmar | |
| Heo et al. (2020) |
Namibia | |
| Chen et al. (2025) |
| Xu et al. (2025) | |
| Irene M. Abraham (2009) | |
| Schnaitmann et al. (2007) |
| von Bezing (2007) |
| Schreiber (2005) | |
New Zealand | |
| Beck et al. (1958) |
Niger | |
| Pagel et al. (2005) |
| Roman et al. (2018) | |
Nigeria | |
| Tsang et al. (2018) |
North Macedonia | |
| Radusinovic (1974) |
Norway | |
| Nordenskiöld (1884) |
| Åmli (1969) |
| Åmli (1975) |
| Hawthorne et al. (1991) | |
| Frigstad (1968) |
| Sverdrup (1959) |
| Neumann (1955) |
| Natural History Museum |
| Husdal (2019) |
| Husdal (2008) |
| Husdal (2023) |
| Sørlie (2003) |
| Sverdrup et al. (1967) |
| Svein (1988) |
| Sverdrup et al. (1967) +1 other reference |
| Sverdrup et al. (1967) +1 other reference |
| Sverdrup et al. (1967) |
Pakistan | |
| Alia et al. (2018) |
Peru | |
| Li (2016) |
Poland | |
| Ex Hubert Ryszawy |
| Mochnacka et al. (2012) | |
| Zeits. deutsche Geol.Ges. (1853) +1 other reference |
| Traube (1888) +1 other reference |
| Lis et al. (1986) | |
| Banaś 1970: Wstępne dane o ... +2 other references |
| Syczewski et al. (2023) +1 other reference | |
| Lis et al. (1986) |
| Traube (1888) | |
| Mochnacka et al. (2000) | |
| Domańska-Siuda J. 2010: New data on secondary uranium minerals from the Western Sudetes (Poland) +1 other reference | |
| Syczewski et al. (2023) | |
| Domańska-Siuda J. 2010: New data on secondary uranium minerals from the Western Sudetes (Poland) |
| Mochnacka et al. (2015) | |
| Ł Kruszewski photo +1 other reference |
| pl.wikipedia.org (2006) | |
| Rewerski et al. (2014) +1 other reference |
Portugal | |
| LNEG - Laboratório Nacional de Energia ... |
| Alves (n.d.) |
| Alves (n.d.) |
| Alves (n.d.) |
| van den Berg (1992) +1 other reference |
| Teixeira et al. (2010) |
| |
| Nuno Afonso collection |
| Alves (n.d.) | |
Romania | |
| Szakáll:Minerals of Carpathians |
| Hîrtopanu P. et al. (2004) |
Russia | |
| L.B. Larichev |
| Mashkovtsev et al. (2010) |
| Kalinin (2022) |
| Pavel.M. Kartashov (n.d.) |
| [World of Stones 12:49] | |
| Pavel.M. Kartashov (n.d.) |
| Pavel.M. Kartashov (n.d.) |
| Pavel.M. Kartashov (n.d.) |
| Dmitry Krinov analytical data |
| Anthony (1997) |
| Pavel.M. Kartashov (n.d.) +2 other references | |
Slovakia | |
| Polák Ľ. et al. (2016) |
| Števko M. et al. (2018) |
| Ferenc Š. et al. (2022) |
| Hoppanová E. et al. (2021) |
Slovenia | |
| Dolenec (1985) |
South Africa | |
| Gevers +2 other references |
| Cairncross et al. (1995) |
Spain | |
| www.foro-minerales.com (2020) |
| MTI Mineralogía Topográfica Ibérica +1 other reference |
| Garcia G. et al. (2004) |
| Tánago et al. (2012) |
| www.foro-minerales.com (n.d.) |
| www.foro-minerales.com (n.d.) |
| www.foro-minerales.com (n.d.) | |
| www.foro-minerales.com (n.d.) |
Sweden | |
| Welin (1965) |
| |
| |
| Natural History Museum |
| Natural History Museum | |
| Natural History Museum | |
| |
| |
| Welin (1965) |
| Sandström (2007) |
| Löfvendahl (1981) |
| Welin (1965) |
| Welin (1965) | |
| Sandström et al. (2009) |
| Welin (1965) +1 other reference |
| Sandström (2008) |
| |
Switzerland | |
| Stalder et al. (1998) |
| Stalder et al. (1998) |
| Stalder et al. (1998) |
| Stalder et al. (1998) |
| Stalder et al. (1998) |
| Weiß (1989) +1 other reference |
| Ansermet et al. (2024) |
| Ansermet (2012) |
| Stalder et al. (1998) |
| Meisser (2012) |
| Meisser (2012) |
| Meisser (2012) |
| Meisser (2012) |
| Meisser (2012) |
| Meisser (2012) |
| Stalder et al. (1998) |
| Stalder et al. (1998) | |
| Stalder et al. (1998) |
| Meisser (2012) | |
| Ansermet (2012) |
| Stalder et al. (1998) |
| Stalder et al. (1998) |
Tajikistan | |
| Гецева et al. (1956) +2 other references |
| Pekov (1998) |
Tanzania | |
| Frondel et al. (1956) +1 other reference |
UK | |
| Golley et al. (1995) |
| Golley et al. (1995) | |
| Alysson Rowan collection |
| Athanasios Godelitsas specimen and ... |
| Braithwaite et al. (1990) |
| R. S. W. Braithwaite and J. R. Knight (1990) +1 other reference |
| O. von Knorring and R. Dearnley (1960) |
| O. von Knorring and R. Dearnley (1960) |
Ukraine | |
| Cuney et al. (2012) |
| Dudar et al. (2018) | |
| O.F.Makivchuk et al. (2006) |
USA | |
| - (2008) |
| - (2008) |
| Frondel (1958) +2 other references |
| Witkind (1963) +1 other reference | |
| Granger (1962) |
| Wenrich (1989) +1 other reference |
| Holland et al. (1958) +2 other references |
| Bollin & Kerr (1958) +1 other reference | |
| Hinkley (1955) +1 other reference | |
| - (2005) |
| Hinkley (1955) +1 other reference | |
| Bollin & Kerr (1958) +1 other reference | |
| Bollin & Kerr (1958) +1 other reference | |
| Hinkley (1955) +1 other reference | |
| Bollin & Kerr (1958) +1 other reference | |
| Bollin & Kerr (1958) +1 other reference | |
| Hinkley (1955) +1 other reference | |
| Hinkley (1955) +1 other reference | |
| Austin (1964) +1 other reference | |
| 118 +3 other references | |
| Bollin & Kerr (1958) +1 other reference | |
| 118 +3 other references | |
| Gornitz (2004) |
| Scarborough (1981) |
| Frondel (1958) +3 other references |
| Granger (1959) +2 other references |
| MRDS database Dep. ID #10092684 |
| Granger (1969) +1 other reference |
| Granger (1959) |
| Granger (1959) |
| Granger (1959) |
| MRDS database Dep. ID #10048208 |
| MRDS database Dep. ID #10048206 |
| MRDS database Dep. ID #10026885 |
| Wenrich et al. (1988) +1 other reference |
| MRDS file #10023694. +1 other reference | |
| Granger (1962) +2 other references |
| Williams (1960) +1 other reference | |
| MRDS database Dep. ID file #10039666 | |
| Granger (1962) |
| MRDS database Dep. ID file #10095789 |
| Galbraith (1959) |
| Wright (1951) |
| US Atomic Energy Commission Prelim. Reconnaisance Report A-R-2 (1953) +4 other references |
| US Atomic Energy Commission Prelim. Reconnaisance Report D-441 (1952) +5 other references |
| Robert B. Scarborough (1981) | |
| Robinson (1954) +1 other reference |
| Granger (1962) |
| Granger (1962) +1 other reference |
| MRDS database Dep. ID #10027540 |
| US Atomic Energy Commission Prelim. ... +2 other references |
| Keith (1978) | |
| California Division of Mines and ... +1 other reference |
| Outerbridge et al. (1960) +2 other references |
| Troxel et al. (1962) +3 other references |
| Troxel et al. (1962) +2 other references | |
| Troxel et al. (1957) +3 other references |
| Troxel et al. (1962) +2 other references |
| Nevada Bureau of Mines and Geology NBMG ... |
| Rinehart (1964) +3 other references |
| [micromounts@yahoogroups.com] |
| Saul et al. (1970) +2 other references |
| Otton +7 other references |
| Murdoch (1966) |
| Murdoch (1966) |
| Pemberton (1983) +1 other reference |
| - (2005) |
| Pavel M. Kartashov analytical data (2011) |
| Sims (1963) +1 other reference |
| Eckel et al. (1997) |
| Eckel et al. (1997) | |
| Eckel et al. (1997) |
| Eckel et al. (1997) | |
| - (2005) |
| - (2005) |
| Eckel et al. (1997) |
| Eckel et al. (1997) |
| Eckel et al. (1997) |
| - (2005) |
| Eckel et al. (1997) |
| Eckel et al. (1997) |
| Bankey +2 other references |
| - (2005) |
| - (2005) |
| - (2005) |
| Eckel et al. (1997) |
| - (2005) +1 other reference |
| - (2005) |
| USGS: Geological Survey Circular 320 +1 other reference |
| - (2005) | |
| USGS: Geological Survey Circular 320 +1 other reference | |
| Eckel et al. (1997) | |
| Eckel et al. (1997) |
| - (2005) |
| - (2005) |
| Eckel et al. (1997) |
| - (2005) | |
| - (2005) | |
| - (2005) | |
| - (2005) | |
| - (2005) |
| Eckel et al. (1997) |
| Eckel et al. (1997) | |
| - (2005) | |
| - (2005) | |
| Page et al. (1956) +3 other references |
| Eckel et al. (1997) | |
| - (2005) | |
| - (2005) | |
| - (2005) | |
| Nikischer (2015) |
| Eckel et al. (1997) | |
| - (2005) |
| - (2005) |
| Eckel et al. (1997) |
| Eckel et al. (1997) | |
| - (2005) |
| - (2005) | |
| - (2005) | |
| - (2005) | |
| - (2005) | |
| Page et al. (1956) +3 other references | |
| - (2005) | |
| Gross (1965) +1 other reference | |
| - (2005) | |
| - (2005) | |
| - (2005) | |
| Eckel et al. (1997) | |
| Eckel et al. (1997) |
| - (2005) |
| Eckel et al. (1997) |
| |
| Ryerson (1976) |
| Brush and Dana (1879) +1 other reference |
| Januzzi et al. (1976) | |
| Januzzi et al. (1976) | |
| Personally collected by Kevin Czaja. |
| Januzzi et al. (1976) |
| Bill Barret Coll. Specimen |
| Januzzi et al. (1976) |
| Collected by A. Berluti in 2009-11 |
| Jones (1960) |
| P Cristofono collection +1 other reference | |
| Schooner (1958) +1 other reference | |
| Schooner (1958) +1 other reference | |
| Scovil (1992) |
| Ralph Lieser of Pappy’s Beryl Shop +2 other references | |
| Fred E. Davis specimens | |
| Shepard (1837) |
| Schooner (1958) |
| Januzzi et al. (1976) |
| Ralph Lieser of Pappy’s Beryl Shop +3 other references | |
| Schooner (1955) |
| Schooner (1958) +1 other reference | |
| Januzzi et al. (1976) | |
| Rocks & Minerals (1970) | |
| 91-92. +2 other references |
| Cook (1978) | |
| 93. +2 other references | |
| Watson (1902) +1 other reference | |
| Rocks & Min.:64:205. |
| - (2005) |
| - (2005) |
| Ream (1995) |
| - (2005) |
| Ream (1995) |
| Ream (1995) |
| Rocks & Min. 70:246 +3 other references | |
| |
| King et al. (1994) +1 other reference |
| |
| King (2009) |
| King (2009) | |
| Thompson et al. (1998) | |
| King (2009) | |
| King et al. (1994) |
| King et al. (1994) |
| King et al. (1994) +1 other reference |
| King et al. (1994) +1 other reference | |
| |
| Dionne et al. (2014) |
| Cameron +1 other reference |
| Thompson et al. (1998) |
| Thompson et al. (2005) | |
| King et al. (1994) |
| Thompson |
| King (n.d.) |
| King et al. (1994) +1 other reference | |
| Gleba (2008) |
| "Western Massachusetts Mineral ... |
| Travis Olds collection |
| Travis Olds collection |
| Heinrich et al. (2004) |
| Heinrich et al. (2004) |
| Cannon Microprobe specimen |
| Anita Moore-Nall and David R. Lageson (2015) |
| Anita Moore-Nall and David R. Lageson (2015) | |
| USGS Bull 988G +1 other reference |
| - (2005) |
| Meschter (1953) +5 other references | |
| Castor et al. (2004) |
| Longwell et al. (1965) |
| Longwell et al. (1965) +1 other reference | |
| Castor et al. (2004) |
| Castor et al. (2004) |
| LaPointe et al. (199) |
| - (2005) |
| Castor et al. (2004) +1 other reference |
| Castor et al. (2004) +1 other reference | |
| Castor et al. (2004) |
| Castor et al. (2004) +1 other reference | |
| Castor et al. (2004) +1 other reference | |
| Castor et al. (2004) |
| Castor et al. (2004) +1 other reference |
| Castor et al. (2004) +1 other reference | |
| Castor et al. (2004) | |
| Nevada Bureau of Mines and Geology ... +2 other references |
| Castor et al. (2004) | |
| Castor et al. (2004) +1 other reference | |
| - (2005) |
| Castor et al. (2004) +1 other reference |
| Castor et al. (2004) | |
| Castor et al. (2004) | |
| - (2005) |
| Castor et al. (2004) +1 other reference | |
| Castor et al. (2004) | |
| - (2005) | |
| NBMG Bull 70 Geology and Mineral ... +1 other reference |
| - (2005) |
| Castor et al. (2004) |
| Castor et al. (2004) +1 other reference | |
| NBMG Bull 70 Geology and Mineral ... +1 other reference | |
| Meyers et al. (1956) |
| Rocks & Min.: 15: 124. | |
| Personal collection and XRD analysis by ... |
| Smith (2005) |
| Morrill +1 other reference |
| USGS Prof Paper 353 +2 other references |
| Smith (2005) +1 other reference |
| NMS |
| Smith (2005) |
| Januzzi et al. (1976) +1 other reference | |
| Rocks & Minerals 80:4 pp234-241 +1 other reference |
| Smith (2005) |
| Frondel (1972) +3 other references |
| Northrop et al. (1996) |
| - (2005) |
| Northrop et al. (1996) | |
| NMBMMR Memoir 15 Geology and Technology ... +2 other references | |
| Northrop et al. (1996) | |
| Northrop et al. (1996) |
| USGS Prof Paper 973F |
| - (2005) | |
| Northrop et al. (1996) | |
| Northrop et al. (1996) +1 other reference |
| John Weber Collection # X-GS-1 |
| DeMark (1989) | |
| Collected by and in the collection of ... | |
| - (2005) | |
| NMBMMR Memoir 15 Geology and Technology ... +1 other reference | |
| NMBMMR Memoir 38 Geology and Technology ... | |
| Northrop et al. (1996) |
| Bingler (1968) +1 other reference |
| Northrop et al. (1996) |
| Northrop et al. (1996) |
| - (2005) |
| - (1965) |
| Northrop et al. (1996) | |
| Northrop et al. (1996) +1 other reference | |
| Northrop et al. (1996) |
| Page et al. (1956) +3 other references | |
| Northrop et al. (1996) | |
| Northrop et al. (1996) | |
| Northrop et al. (1996) | |
| Northrop et al. (1996) | |
| Page et al. (1956) +3 other references | |
| NMBMMR OFR 19 +1 other reference | |
| Northrop et al. (1996) |
| - (1965) +1 other reference | |
| Northrop et al. (1996) | |
| Patrick Haynes | |
| Jensen (1978) |
| Robinson et al. (2007) | |
| Anon (1888a) +1 other reference |
| Jensen (1978) |
| Manchester (1931) |
| Manchester (1931) | |
| Joseph Hyde Pratt |
| Hanahan (1985) |
| Ransom (1974) | |
| Genth (1891) +1 other reference |
| Smithsonian Institution Mineral ... |
| Rocks and Minerals | |
| Warner et al. (2009) | |
| - (n.d.) | |
| Rocks & Min.: 16:290. |
| Mike Dennis | |
| Rocks and Minerals | |
| C.W. Allen collection |
| Rocks and Minerals |
| Keith Williamson | |
| Smithsonian Institution Mineral ... | |
| Rocks & Min.: 11:76. | |
| - (n.d.) | |
| - (2005) |
| Specimens in former Green's Mineral ... +1 other reference |
| - (2005) | |
| Lemanski collection (8161CL) |
| - (2005) |
| Rocks & Min. vol. 72 (1997) |
| - (2005) |
| - (2005) |
| - (2005) | |
| - (2005) |
| Nevada Bureau of Mines and Geology NBMG ... |
| USGS: Geological Survey Circular 350 |
| USGS: Geological Survey Circular 350 |
| Lapham et al. (1965) |
| Rocks & Min.: 59:109-120 & 62:176-178. |
| Lapham et al. (1965) |
| Rocks & Min.: 11:90. +2 other references |
| Gordon (1922) |
| Ransom (1974) | |
| Smith et al. (2000) |
| Smith et al. (2000) |
| Smith et al. (2000) |
| Rocks & Minerals: 60: 117-118. | |
| USGS Prof Paper 297D +1 other reference | |
| USGS Bull 1063D +1 other reference |
| Roberts et al. (1965) | |
| Roberts et al. (1965) | |
| Roberts et al. (1965) |
| Roberts et al. (1965) | |
| Roberts et al. (1965) | |
| Roberts et al. (1965) | |
| Roberts et al. (1965) | |
| Roberts et al. (1965) | |
| Roberts et al. (1965) | |
| Roberts et al. (1965) | |
| Roberts et al. (1965) | |
| Roberts et al. (1965) | |
| Roberts et al. (1965) |
| Roberts et al. (1965) | |
| Roberts et al. (1965) | |
| Roberts et al. (1965) | |
| Roberts et al. (1965) |
| Roberts et al. (1965) | |
| Roberts et al. (1965) | |
| Roberts et al. (1965) | |
| Smith et al. (2000) |
| Rocks & Min.:10:147 & 60:112 | |
| Smith et al. (2000) | |
| Price (1983) +1 other reference |
| Self-collected by Franklin Roberts. |
| Smith (1991) | |
| Jim McGlasson Collection #21487 | |
| Rocks & Minerals (1991) |
| Smith (1991) |
| MINERALS OF THE KARNES URANIUM ... | |
| Self-collected by David Aldridge |
| Smith (1991) |
| Smith (1991) |
| Smith (1991) | |
| - (2005) |
| - (2005) | |
| Bullock (1981) +1 other reference |
| - (2005) | |
| Bullock (1981) | |
| - (2005) |
| Thurston +3 other references | |
| - (2005) |
| - (2005) |
| - (2005) | |
| - (2005) | |
| - (2005) | |
| Bullock (1981) |
| - (2005) | |
| - (2005) |
| Bullock (1981) |
| Bullock (1981) | |
| - (2005) | |
| Bullock (1981) | |
| - (2005) |
| - (2005) | |
| Thorne (n.d.) |
| - (2005) |
| Bullock (1981) |
| - (2005) | |
| - (2005) | |
| - (2005) | |
| Bullock (1981) |
| - (2005) |
| Bullock (1981) | |
| Bullock (1981) | |
| - (2005) |
| - (2005) | |
| - (2005) | |
| - (2005) | |
| Page et al. (1956) +2 other references | |
| Bullock (1981) | |
| Bullock (1981) | |
| USGS: Geological Survey Circular 322 +1 other reference | |
| Bullock (1981) | |
| - (2005) | |
| - (2005) | |
| Bullock (1981) +2 other references | |
| Bullock (1981) |
| Finnell et al. (1963) |
| - (2005) | |
| Finnell et al. (1963) +1 other reference | |
| - (2005) |
| - (2005) | |
| Finnell et al. (1963) +1 other reference | |
| Bullock (1981) |
| Thorne (n.d.) | |
| Bullock (1981) +1 other reference |
| - (2005) |
| Carter et al. (1965) +2 other references | |
| - (2005) |
| - (2005) |
| - (2005) | |
| - (2005) | |
| - (2005) |
| Bullock (1981) |
| Chukanov et al. (2004) |
| - (2005) |
| - (2005) | |
| Bullock (1981) | |
| - (2005) | |
| - (2005) | |
| Bullock (1981) +1 other reference | |
| Bullock (1981) |
| USGS TEI #514 +1 other reference | |
| - (2005) | |
| - (2005) | |
| Page et al. (1956) +2 other references | |
| - (2005) | |
| - (2005) | |
| Eckel et al. (1997) | |
| Dietrich (1990) |
| Cannon (1975) |
| Cannon (1975) | |
| Cannon (1975) | |
| Cannon (1975) | |
| Cannon (1975) +1 other reference | |
| George E. Becraft and Paul L. Weis (1963) +1 other reference |
| George E. Becraft and Paul L. Weis (1963) +2 other references | |
| Cannon (1975) | |
| Derkey et al. (1990, November) | |
| Pallen |
| - (2005) |
| - (2005) |
| Page et al. (1956) +2 other references | |
| - (2005) | |
| - (2005) | |
| Page et al. (1956) +2 other references | |
| - (2005) | |
| Page et al. (1956) +3 other references | |
| - (2005) | |
| - (2005) |
| - (2005) | |
| Hausel et al. (2001) |
| Page et al. (1956) +3 other references | |
| - (2005) | |
| Hausel et al. (2001) +1 other reference | |
| - (2005) |
| - (2005) |
| Hausel et al. (2001) | |
| - (2005) | |
| - (2005) | |
| - (2005) | |
| - (2005) |
| - (2005) | |
| Page et al. (1956) +3 other references |
| Hausel et al. (2001) | |
| - (2005) |
| Eric Quinter collection (former Richard Gaines collection) | |
| - (2005) | |
| Page et al. (1956) +2 other references | |
| - (2005) | |
| - (2005) | |
| - (2005) | |
| - (2005) | |
| - (2005) | |
| - (2005) | |
| - (2005) | |
| - (2005) | |
| - (2005) |
| - (2005) | |
| - (2005) | |
| Am Min 51:1567-1578 +3 other references | |
| - (2005) | |
| - (2005) | |
| www.energyfuels.com (n.d.) | |
| - (2005) | |
| - (2005) | |
| - (2005) | |
| - (2005) | |
| - (2005) | |
| Hausel et al. (2001) | |
| - (2005) |
| - (2005) |
| Larsen et al. (1926) +6 other references |
| - (2005) | |
| Hausel et al. (2001) | |
| - (2005) |
| - (2005) |
| - (2005) |
| - (2005) | |
Uzbekistan | |
| Doinikova (2007) +1 other reference |
Vietnam | |
| Dahlkamp (2009) |
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Margaritas No. 1 Mine, Sierra Peña Blanca, Peña Blanca District, Aldama Municipality, Chihuahua, Mexico