Huanghoite-(Ce)
A valid IMA mineral species
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About Huanghoite-(Ce)
Formula:
BaCe(CO3)2F
Colour:
Honey-yellow to yellowish-green
Lustre:
Greasy
Hardness:
4½ - 5
Specific Gravity:
4.51 - 4.67
Crystal System:
Trigonal
Member of:
Name:
Named for the Huang Ho River (Yellow River), near the type locality. Originally named simply huanghoite. The suffix/modifier was added in 1987 to conform to the Levinson rule for species with essential REE, indicating, in this case, predominant cerium.
Unique Identifiers
Mindat ID:
1938
Long-form identifier:
mindat:1:1:1938:1
IMA Classification of Huanghoite-(Ce)
Classification of Huanghoite-(Ce)
5.BD.35
5 : CARBONATES (NITRATES)
B : Carbonates with additional anions, without H2O
D : With rare earth elements (REE)
5 : CARBONATES (NITRATES)
B : Carbonates with additional anions, without H2O
D : With rare earth elements (REE)
16a.1.4.1
16a : ANHYDROUS CARBONATES CONTAINING HYDROXYL OR HALOGEN
1 : (AB)(XO3)Zq
16a : ANHYDROUS CARBONATES CONTAINING HYDROXYL OR HALOGEN
1 : (AB)(XO3)Zq
12.1.19
12 : Carbonates with other anions
1 : Carbonates with halides
12 : Carbonates with other anions
1 : Carbonates with halides
Mineral Symbols
As of 2021 there are now IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols (abbreviations) for each mineral species, useful for tables and diagrams.
| Symbol | Source | Reference |
|---|---|---|
| Hho-Ce | IMA–CNMNC | Warr, L.N. (2021). IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols. Mineralogical Magazine, 85(3), 291-320. doi:10.1180/mgm.2021.43 |
Physical Properties of Huanghoite-(Ce)
Greasy
Transparency:
Translucent
Colour:
Honey-yellow to yellowish-green
Hardness:
4½ - 5 on Mohs scale
Hardness:
VHN100=411 - Vickers
Fracture:
Irregular/Uneven
Density:
4.51 - 4.67 g/cm3 (Measured) 4.49 g/cm3 (Calculated)
Optical Data of Huanghoite-(Ce)
Type:
Uniaxial (-)
RI values:
nω = 1.765 nε = 1.603
Max. Birefringence:
δ = 0.162
Based on recorded range of RI values above.
Based on recorded range of RI values above.
Interference Colours:
The colours simulate birefringence patterns seen in thin section under crossed polars. They do not take into account mineral colouration or opacity.
Michel-Levy Bar The default colours simulate the birefringence range for a 30 µm thin-section thickness. Adjust the slider to simulate a different thickness.
Grain Simulation You can rotate the grain simulation to show how this range might look as you rotated a sample under crossed polars.
The colours simulate birefringence patterns seen in thin section under crossed polars. They do not take into account mineral colouration or opacity.
Michel-Levy Bar The default colours simulate the birefringence range for a 30 µm thin-section thickness. Adjust the slider to simulate a different thickness.
Grain Simulation You can rotate the grain simulation to show how this range might look as you rotated a sample under crossed polars.
Surface Relief:
Moderate
Pleochroism:
Weak
Comments:
Greenish yellow shades
Chemistry of Huanghoite-(Ce)
Mindat Formula:
BaCe(CO3)2F
Element Weights:
Crystallography of Huanghoite-(Ce)
Crystal System:
Trigonal
Class (H-M):
3m (3 2/m) - Hexagonal Scalenohedral
Space Group:
R3m
Cell Parameters:
a = 5.072(1) Å, c = 38.46(1) Å
Ratio:
a:c = 1 : 7.583
Unit Cell V:
856.84 ų (Calculated from Unit Cell)
Z:
6
Morphology:
Platy to granular.
Crystal Structure
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Data courtesy of the American Mineralogist Crystal Structure Database. Click on an AMCSD ID to view structure
| ID | Species | Reference | Link | Year | Locality | Pressure (GPa) | Temp (K) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0014866 | Huanghoite-(Ce) | Yang Z M, Pertlik F (1993) Huanghoite-(Ce), BaCe(CO3)2F, from Khibina, Kola peninsula, Russia: Redetermination of the crystal structure with a discussion on space group symmetry Neues Jahrbuch fur Mineralogie, Monatshefte 1993 163-171 | 1993 | Khibina, Kola Peninsula, Russia | 0 | 293 |
CIF Raw Data - click here to close
X-Ray Powder Diffraction
Powder Diffraction Data:
| d-spacing | Intensity |
|---|---|
| 3.21 Å | (100) |
| 1.937 Å | (100) |
| 2.01 Å | (90) |
| 3.91 Å | (70) |
| 2.50 Å | (70) |
| 1.616 Å | (70) |
| 1.557 Å | (70) |
Comments:
Bayan Obo deposit, Inner Mongolia, China. The data are from the type description.
Geological Environment
Paragenetic Mode(s):
| Paragenetic Mode | Earliest Age (Ga) |
|---|---|
| Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks | >3.0 |
| 35 : Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks | |
| 36 : Carbonatites, kimberlites, and related igneous rocks |
Type Occurrence of Huanghoite-(Ce)
General Appearance of Type Material:
Platy masses up to 10x5x1 cm.
Place of Conservation of Type Material:
National Museum of Natural History, Washington, D.C., USA, 144184.
Geological Setting of Type Material:
In hydrothermal deposits, including calcite veins, genetically associated with alkalic grano-syenites and the enclosing hydrothermally altered dolomite.
Associated Minerals at Type Locality:
Other Language Names for Huanghoite-(Ce)
Relationship of Huanghoite-(Ce) to other Species
Member of:
Other Members of Synchysite Group:
| Huanghoite-(Nd) | BaNd(CO3)2F | Trig. 3m : R3m |
| Hydroxylsynchysite-(Ce) | Ca(Ce,La)(CO3)2(OH) | |
| Synchysite-(Ce) | CaCe(CO3)2F | Mon. 2/m : B2/b |
| Synchysite-(La) | Ca(La,Nd)(CO3)2F | |
| Synchysite-(Nd) | CaNd(CO3)2F | Orth. |
| Synchysite-(Y) | CaY(CO3)2F | Mon. 2/m : B2/b |
Common Associates
Associated Minerals Based on Photo Data:
| 5 photos of Huanghoite-(Ce) associated with Aegirine | NaFe3+Si2O6 |
| 5 photos of Huanghoite-(Ce) associated with Fluorite | CaF2 |
| 3 photos of Huanghoite-(Ce) associated with Synchysite-(Ce) | CaCe(CO3)2F |
| 2 photos of Huanghoite-(Ce) associated with Röntgenite-(Ce) | Ca2(Ce,La)3(CO3)5F3 |
| 2 photos of Huanghoite-(Ce) associated with Bastnäsite-(Ce) | Ce(CO3)F |
| 2 photos of Huanghoite-(Ce) associated with Cebaite-(Ce) | Ba3Ce2(CO3)5F2 |
| 2 photos of Huanghoite-(Ce) associated with Magnetite | Fe2+Fe3+2O4 |
| 1 photo of Huanghoite-(Ce) associated with Baryte | BaSO4 |
| 1 photo of Huanghoite-(Ce) associated with Baotite | Ba4(Ti,Nb,W)8O16(SiO3)4Cl |
| 1 photo of Huanghoite-(Ce) associated with Strontianite | SrCO3 |
Related Minerals - Strunz-mindat Grouping
| 5.BD. | Cordylite-(La) | (Na,Ca)Ba(La,Ce,Sr)2(CO3)4F |
| 5.BD.05 | Cordylite-(Ce) | NaBaCe2(CO3)4F |
| 5.BD.05 | Unnamed (Cordylite-like Calcium-Barium-Cerium Carbonate-Fluoride) | Ca◻Ba2Ce4[CO3]8F2 |
| 5.BD.05 | Lukechangite-(Ce) | Na3Ce2(CO3)4F |
| 5.BD.10 | Zhonghuacerite-(Ce) | Ba2Ce(CO3)3F |
| 5.BD.10 | Kukharenkoite-(Ce) | Ba2Ce(CO3)3F |
| 5.BD.10 | Kukharenkoite-(La) | Ba2(La,Ce,Th)(CO3)3F |
| 5.BD.15 | Cebaite-(Ce) | Ba3Ce2(CO3)5F2 |
| 5.BD.15 | Cebaite-(Nd) | Ba3(Nd,Ce)2(CO3)5F2 |
| 5.BD.18 | Arisite-(Ce) | NaCe2(CO3)2[F2x(CO3)1-x]F |
| 5.BD.18 | Arisite-(La) | NaLa2(CO3)2[F2x(CO3)1-x]F |
| 5.BD.20c | Synchysite-(Ce) | CaCe(CO3)2F |
| 5.BD.20c | Synchysite-(Nd) | CaNd(CO3)2F |
| 5.BD.20c | Synchysite-(Y) | CaY(CO3)2F |
| 5.BD.20a | Bastnäsite-(Ce) | Ce(CO3)F |
| 5.BD.20b | Parisite-(Ce) | CaCe2(CO3)3F2 |
| 5.BD.20a | Bastnäsite-(La) | La(CO3)F |
| 5.BD.20b | Parisite-(Nd) | Ca(Nd,Ce,La)2(CO3)3F2 |
| 5.BD.20a | Bastnäsite-(Y) | Y(CO3)F |
| 5.BD.20b | Parisite-(La) | CaLa2(CO3)3F2 |
| 5.BD.20d | Röntgenite-(Ce) | Ca2(Ce,La)3(CO3)5F3 |
| 5.BD.20a | Thorbastnäsite | ThCa(CO3)2F2 · 3H2O |
| 5.BD.20a | Hydroxylbastnäsite-(Ce) | Ce(CO3)(OH) |
| 5.BD.20a | Hydroxylbastnäsite-(Nd) | Nd(CO3)(OH) |
| 5.BD.20c | Hydroxylsynchysite-(Ce) | Ca(Ce,La)(CO3)2(OH) |
| 5.BD.20c | Synchysite-(La) | Ca(La,Nd)(CO3)2F |
| 5.BD.20a | Bastnäsite-(Nd) | Nd(CO3)F |
| 5.BD.20a | Hydroxylbastnäsite-(La) | (La,Nd,Ce)(CO3)(OH,F) |
| 5.BD.25 | Qaqarssukite-(Ce) | Ba(Ce,REE)(CO3)2F |
| 5.BD.25 | Horváthite-(Y) | NaY(CO3)F2 |
| 5.BD.35 | Huanghoite-(Nd) | BaNd(CO3)2F |
| 5.BD.45 | Bayanoboite-(Y) | Ba2Y(CO3)2F3 |
Other Information
Thermal Behaviour:
DTA curve shows a small endothermal break at 400-470°C, a large one at 620-680°C, and a medium one at 760-800°C.
Notes:
Alters readily on the surface to yellow and brown ochers, with considerable loss of barium.
Vigorously dissolved by HCl.
Vigorously dissolved by HCl.
Health Risks:
No information on health risks for this material has been entered into the database. You should always treat mineral specimens with care.
Internet Links for Huanghoite-(Ce)
mindat.org URL:
https://www.mindat.org/min-1938.html
Please feel free to link to this page.
Please feel free to link to this page.
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External Links:
References for Huanghoite-(Ce)
Reference List:
Nickel, Ernest H., Mandarino, Joseph A. (1987) Procedures involving the IMA Commission on New Minerals and Mineral Names and guidelines on mineral nomenclature. American Mineralogist, 72 (9-10) 1031-1042
Jambor, John L., Puziewicz, Jacek (1993) New Mineral Names. American Mineralogist, 78 (9-10) 1108-1112
Localities for Huanghoite-(Ce)
symbol to view information about a locality.
The Locality List
- This locality has map coordinates listed.
- This locality has estimated coordinates.
ⓘ - Click for references and further information on this occurrence.
? - Indicates mineral may be doubtful at this locality.
- Good crystals or important locality for species.
- World class for species or very significant.
(TL) - Type Locality for a valid mineral species.
(FRL) - First Recorded Locality for everything else (eg varieties).
All localities listed without proper references should be considered as questionable.
Brazil | |
| Traversa et al. (2001) |
| Traversa et al. (2001) | |
Canada | |
| Dalsin et al. (2015) |
| Berger et al. (2009) |
| Nadeau et al. (2014) |
China (TL) | |
| Semenov et al. (1961) +3 other references |
| Smith (2007) +2 other references | |
| Smith et al. (2000) | |
| Yang et al. (2003) |
Greenland | |
| Thrane et al. (2014) |
Russia | |
| Попова et al. (2019) |
| Anatoly Kasatkin analytical data |
| ... |
| Pavel.M. Kartashov (n.d.) |
| Belovitskaya et al. (2004) |
USA | |
| Robin D. Tibbit (deceased) |
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East Mine, Bayan Obo deposit, Bayan Obo, Bayan Obo mining district, Baotou City, Inner Mongolia, China