Short summary: the Textureloader didnt work because it required an imageloader which required the inaccesible DOM.
Apparantly there's a THREE.Texture function which i used like this:
let texture = new THREE.Texture(
url //URL = a base 64 JPEG string in this case
);
var img = new Image(128, 128);
img.src = url;
texture.normal = img;
As you can see i used an Image constructor, this is from React Native and is imported like this:
import { Image } from 'react-native';
In the react native documentation it will explain how it can be used, it supports base64 encoded JPEG.
and finally map the texture to the material:
material.map = texture;
Note: i havent tried to show the end result in my webglview yet, but in the element inspector it seems to show proper THREEjs objects.