Submission declined on 19 October 2025 by WeirdNAnnoyed (talk).
Where to get help
How to improve a draft
You can also browse Wikipedia:Featured articles and Wikipedia:Good articles to find examples of Wikipedia's best writing on topics similar to your proposed article. Improving your odds of a speedy review To improve your odds of a faster review, tag your draft with relevant WikiProject tags using the button below. This will let reviewers know a new draft has been submitted in their area of interest. For instance, if you wrote about a female astronomer, you would want to add the Biography, Astronomy, and Women scientists tags. Editor resources
|  |
Comment: Obvious AI slop job. I came this close to rejecting the article as counter to the principles of Wikipedia. The only reasons I didn't were a) the good-faith conflict of interest declaration and b) the subject apparently being in an in-press reference textbook, suggesting notability (although I don't have access to the book, thanks to the lack of a link). Still, the article is a disaster: Malformed ref tags; no ISBNs or URLs on references, making it hard to check accuracy; the aforementioned textbook (Shuler) is cited incorrectly, with an author missing; Ref. 4 is an outright hallucination; excessive short sections that could easily be combined (there is absolutely no reason to use a section heading for a single sentence); formatting inconsistent with Wikipedia standards (e.g. title case instead of sentence case). With all due respect, I'm doing you a favor by rejecting this article, because if I paid someone to write a Wikipedia piece on my technology and got this, I would demand a refund and leave one-star reviews until I got IP blocked. Please ditch the AI and write the article properly, then we can consider it. WeirdNAnnoyed (talk) 13:06, 19 October 2025 (UTC)
- Comment: In accordance with Wikipedia's Conflict of interest policy, I disclose that I have a conflict of interest regarding the subject of this article. Sfventura (talk) 19:47, 4 October 2025 (UTC)
{Infobox biology term|name=Intact Cell Count|acronym=ICC|field=Biotechnology, Bioprocess engineering, Cell biology}
Intact Cell Count (ICC) refers to the quantification of viable, structurally intact cells within a biological sample. The measurement is used to assess cell health, viability, and process performance in fields such as biotechnology, biopharmaceutical production, and cell therapy manufacturing.[1]
Overview
editIn biological systems, cell integrity is a key indicator of viability. Cells with intact membranes are capable of maintaining metabolic activity, while damaged or lysed cells are considered nonviable. The Intact Cell Count (ICC) specifically measures only those cells that retain their structural integrity, distinguishing it from the Total Cell Count (TCC), which includes both intact and lysed cells.[2]
ICC is typically expressed as:
- Viability (%) = (ICC / TCC) × 100
Measurement Methods
editSeveral analytical techniques are used to determine ICC, depending on the cell type and process requirements:
Flow cytometry
editFlow cytometry employs fluorescent dyes (such as propidium iodide or SYTO 9) to differentiate intact cells from damaged ones based on membrane permeability. This method provides single-cell resolution and can distinguish between live, dead, and apoptotic populations.[3]
Capacitance (dielectric spectroscopy)
editDielectric spectroscopy measures the electrical properties of cell suspensions. Viable, intact cells behave like tiny capacitors due to their insulating membranes. The resulting capacitance signal correlates with the volume fraction of intact cells, making it useful for real-time bioreactor monitoring.[4][5]
Microscopy and image-based analysis
editTechniques such as Trypan blue exclusion or automated image cytometry rely on dye exclusion and morphology to quantify intact cells. Modern image analyzers provide automated, high-throughput ICC determination.[6]
Molecular methods
editDNA- or RNA-based assays (e.g., qPCR, fluorescent in situ hybridization) can be applied to assess cell integrity indirectly by detecting the release or retention of intracellular nucleic acids following membrane damage.[7]
Applications
editBioprocess monitoring
editICC is a critical process parameter in upstream bioprocessing. Monitoring ICC allows for optimization of culture conditions, detection of stress or contamination, and determination of the ideal harvest point in fermentation or cell culture processes.[8]
Cell therapy manufacturing
editIn cell-based therapeutics, the viability and integrity of cells are directly related to product efficacy and safety. ICC ensures that a sufficient proportion of functional, intact cells are present in the final formulation.[9]
Environmental and microbiological studies
editICC can be used to assess the physiological state of microorganisms in environmental samples, including biofilms, wastewater, and soil.[10]
Comparison with other viability metrics
edit| Metric | Description | Key difference |
|---|---|---|
| Total Cell Count (TCC) | All cells, intact and lysed | Measures overall biomass |
| Intact Cell Count (ICC) | Only structurally viable cells | Focuses on cell integrity |
| Viable Cell Density (VCD) | Cells capable of proliferation | Often correlates with ICC but measured differently |
Instrumentation and automation
editCommercial systems such as Vi-CELL analyzers, Cedex Bio analyzers, and capacitance probes are widely used to automate ICC measurements in industrial settings. Inline monitoring allows for non-invasive, real-time tracking of cell health without sampling interruption.[11]
See also
editReferences
edit- ^ Butler, M., & Meneses-Acosta, A. (2012). Recent advances in technology supporting biopharmaceutical production from mammalian cells. Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology, 96(4), 885–894.
- ^ Shuler, M. L., & Kargi, F. (2017). Bioprocess Engineering: Basic Concepts (3rd ed.). Prentice Hall.
- ^ Ozturk, S. S., & Hu, W.-S. (2006). Cell Culture Technology for Pharmaceutical and Cell-Based Therapies. Taylor & Francis.
- ^ Noll, T., & Biselli, M. (2008). Dielectric spectroscopy for online monitoring of cell culture processes. Cytotechnology, 57(3), 149–157.
- ^ Carvell, J. P., & Dowd, J. E. (2006). On-line measurements and control of viable cell density in cell culture manufacturing processes using radio-frequency impedance. Cytotechnology, 50(1–3), 35–48.
- ^ Beckman Coulter Life Sciences. (2022). Vi-CELL BLU Cell Viability Analyzer: Principles of Operation. Beckman Coulter. Retrieved from https://www.beckman.com/
- ^ Pörtner, R., et al. (2007). Monitoring of bioprocesses. In Advances in Biochemical Engineering/Biotechnology. Springer.
- ^ Marose, S., Lindemann, C., & Scheper, T. (1999). Two-dimensional fluorescence spectroscopy: A new tool for on-line bioprocess monitoring. Biotechnology Progress, 15(1), 63–70.
- ^ Ozturk, S. S., & Hu, W.-S. (2006). Cell Culture Technology for Pharmaceutical and Cell-Based Therapies. Taylor & Francis.
- ^ Shuler, M. L., & Kargi, F. (2017). Bioprocess Engineering: Basic Concepts (3rd ed.). Prentice Hall.
- ^ Hamilton Company. (2023). Incyte: Real-time Viable Cell Density Measurement Using Capacitance Technology. Hamilton Process Analytics. Retrieved from https://www.hamiltoncompany.com/
Cite error: A list-defined reference has no name (see the help page).
Attribution
editThis article incorporates material adapted from "Intact Cell Count", Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia (retrieved on 4 October 2025), available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 4.0.
- Promotional tone, editorializing and other words to watch
- Vague, generic, and speculative statements extrapolated from similar subjects
- Essay-like writing
- Hallucinations (plausible-sounding, but false information) and non-existent references
- Close paraphrasing
Please address these issues. The best way is usually to read reliable sources and summarize them, instead of using a large language model. See our help page on large language models.