Submission declined on 14 December 2025 by ChrysGalley (talk).
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| Submission declined on 10 November 2025 by Pythoncoder (talk). Your draft shows signs of having been generated by a large language model, such as ChatGPT. Wikipedia guidelines prohibit the use of LLMs to write articles from scratch. In addition, LLM-generated articles usually have multiple quality issues, to include: Declined by Pythoncoder 39 days ago.
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| Submission declined on 24 October 2025 by Carolina2k22 (talk). This draft's references do not show that the subject qualifies for a Wikipedia article. In summary, the draft needs multiple published sources that are: Declined by Carolina2k22 56 days ago.
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| Submission declined on 20 August 2025 by Haj (talk). The content of this submission includes material that does not meet Wikipedia's minimum standard for inline citations. Please cite your sources using footnotes. For instructions on how to do this, please see Referencing for beginners. Thank you. Declined by Haj 3 months ago. | |
| Submission declined on 23 July 2025 by Theroadislong (talk). This draft's references do not show that the subject qualifies for a Wikipedia article. In summary, the draft needs multiple published sources that are: Declined by Theroadislong 4 months ago.
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| Submission declined on 15 July 2025 by RangersRus (talk). This submission is not adequately supported by reliable sources. Reliable sources are required so that information can be verified. If you need help with referencing, please see Referencing for beginners and Citing sources. Declined by RangersRus 5 months ago. | |
| Submission declined on 9 June 2025 by S0091 (talk). Your draft shows signs of having been generated by a large language model, such as ChatGPT. Wikipedia guidelines prohibit the use of LLMs to write articles from scratch. In addition, LLM-generated articles usually have multiple quality issues, to include: Declined by S0091 6 months ago.
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Comment: Thank you for the last round of editing, it is heading in the right direction. But it's not just the superficial wording that is a problem here, it's how the sources are not being worked into the text. So for example the first and second sources both detail that there are multiples processes here, such as staggered roll and inline processing. The second source mentions spin forming, which is in the draft, but the source gives a lot more information about using both techniques together, which doesn't come across in the article here. So this is still superficial LLM overview, rather than a human getting to grips with the available information.A more minor issue is that you have put citations into the section header Advantages and Limitations. You can't do that under MOS, but you can just add a line of text above the bullets stating "There are advantages..." and then adding the references into the text. So a very easy one to fixSo some more reworking is needed here, and by all means use the Teahouse to get advice on pitch and context. There is a useful article in here, so please keep working this. ChrysGalley (talk) 15:15, 14 December 2025 (UTC)
- Comment: No inline citations, which are required for articles. Please see referencing for beginners. More formatting which meets the manual of style (appropriate headers, etc.) will be needed. Haj (talk) 23:15, 20 August 2025 (UTC)
Flow forming (also flow-forming or flow turning) is a cold, rotary metal forming process used to make thin-walled, high-strength axisymmetric parts. One or more rollers locally deform a rotating preform over a mandrel to reduce wall thickness and lengthen the part while reproducing the mandrel profile.[1][2]
History
editModern flow forming was developed with purpose-built machines and numerical control in the mid–to–late twentieth century. By that time, use for rocket-motor cases, liners, and related pressure vessels was established and expanded with CNC control and process modeling.[2][3]
Process
editA thick-walled tube or cup-shaped preform is mounted on a rotating mandrel. Rollers traverse axially while applying radial pressure, causing plastic flow along the mandrel and producing near-net-shape geometry with controlled wall reduction.[1] The main variables are reduction per pass, roller geometry, rotational speed, feed rate, and lubrication. These govern thickness, elongation, residual stress, and surface finish.[1][4]
Variants
editApplications
editDocumented applications include rocket-motor cases, liners, and pressure vessels in aerospace and defense, and wheel rims and similar lightweight components in automotive manufacturing.[3][4][6]
- Advantages
- Strength improvements from cold work and favorable flow of material.
- Lower mass through controlled thinning at a given strength requirement.
- High-dimensional accuracy and repeatability.
- Lower material waste than machining from solid.
- Limitations
- Geometrically suited to axisymmetric parts.
- Requires ductile alloys and control of reductions, passes, and tooling to avoid defects.
Distinction from metal spinning
editConventional metal spinning generally maintains wall thickness while forming a sheet over a mandrel. Flow forming reduces wall thickness and produces significant axial flow, usually on dedicated machines and in multiple passes.[2][5]
See also
editReferences
edit- ^ a b c d e f Ray, G. (2005). "Flow Forming". ASM Handbook, Volume 14A: Metalworking—Bulk Forming. Vol. 14A. ASM International. pp. 516–521. doi:10.31399/asm.hb.v14a.a0004014. ISBN 978-1-62708-185-6.
- ^ a b c d Wong, Chow; Dean, Trevor; Lin, Jianguo (1 Nov 2003). "A review of spinning, shear forming and flow forming processes". International Journal of Machine Tools and Manufacture. 43 (14): 1419–1435. doi:10.1016/S0890-6955(03)00172-X.
{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: date and year (link) - ^ a b Marini, Daniele; Cunningham, David; Corney, Jonathan (2015). "A review of flow forming processes and mechanisms". Key Engineering Materials. 651–653: 750–758. doi:10.4028/www.scientific.net/KEM.651-653.750.
- ^ a b Groover, Mikell P. (2019). Fundamentals of Modern Manufacturing: Materials, Processes, and Systems (7th ed.). Wiley. ISBN 978-1-119-47521-7.
- ^ a b c Kalpakjian, Serope; Schmid, Steven (2013). Manufacturing Engineering and Technology. Pearson Higher Ed. ISBN 9780133151213.
- ^ Hwang, So Young; Kim, Naksoo; Lee, Cheol-soo (2015). "Numerical Investigation on the Effect of Process Parameters during Aluminum Wheel Flow-Forming". Journal of Mechanical Engineering. 61 (7–8): 471–476. doi:10.5545/sv-jme.2014.2180.
- ^ Hosford, William F.; Caddell, Robert M. (2011). Metal Forming: Mechanics and Metallurgy (4, revised ed.). Cambridge University Press. ISBN 9781139497435.
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