![VACCINES
Covishield
• On 1 January 2021, the Drug Controller General of India,
approved the emergency or conditional use of Covishield.
Covishield is developed by the University of Oxford and
its spin-out company, Vaccitech.
QUALITATIVE AND QUANTITATIVE COMPOSITION
(i) 5 × 1010 virus particles (vp) *Recombinant, replication-deficient
chimpanzee adenovirus vector encoding the SARS-CoV-2 Spike (S)
glycoprotein. Produced in genetically modified human embryonic
kidney (HEK) 293 cells. [This product contains genetically modified
organisms (GMOs)]
(ii) List of excipients: L-Histidine, L-Histidine hydrochloride monohydrate,
Magnesium chloride hexahydrate, Sucrose, Sodium chloride, Disodium edetate
dihydrate (EDTA) and water for injection
Kapil K Goel](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/vaccinediplomacy-250616183558-312ff43a/85/INDIAN-VACCINE-DIPLOMACY-VACCINE-MAITRI-9-320.jpg)
![St. Lucia,Barbados and Combodia
St. Lucia on behalf of CARICOM
thanked India for providing vaccine supplies to them.[21][23]
Barbados
Prime Minister Mia Amor Mottley thanked Prime Minister
Narendra Modi for the supply of "Made in India" COVID-19
vaccines.
She tweeted, "PM Modi made it possible for more than 40,000
persons in Barbados and tens of thousands elsewhere, to
receive their 1st dose of COVISHIELD via Vaccine Maitri before
receiving his. A genuine demonstration of generosity. Thank you
and we wish you continued good health.
Leaders who received vaccines provided by India for promoting
Indian Vaccine in his own countires
• Cambodia – Heng Samrin, Say Chhum
• Nepal – KP Sharma Oli
Kapil K Goel](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/vaccinediplomacy-250616183558-312ff43a/85/INDIAN-VACCINE-DIPLOMACY-VACCINE-MAITRI-18-320.jpg)
INDIAN VACCINE DIPLOMACY: VACCINE MAITRI
- 1. INDIAN VACCINE DIPLOMACY: VACCINE MAITRI Kapil Kumar Goel Assistant Professor (Stage-2) Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Gurukul Kangri (Deemed to be University) Haridwar Email [email protected] [email protected]
- 2. VACCINE MAITRI • Humanitarian initiative undertaken by the Indian government to provide COVID-19 vaccines to countries around the world. “No one is safe until everyone is safe” Kapil K Goel
- 3. SUPPLY FROM INDIA • The government started providing vaccines from 20 January 2021. As of 21 February 2022, India had delivered around 16.29 crore (162.9 million) doses of vaccines to 96 countries. • 1.43 crore doses were gifted to 48 countries by the Government of India. Kapil K Goel
- 4. • 200,000 doses of COVID-19 vaccines were gifted by India to the UN peacekeepers on 27 March to be distributed to all peacekeeping missions. • 10.71 crore were supplied by the vaccine producers under its commercial and 4.15 crore were supplied by COVAX obligations. Kapil K Goel
- 5. Country Total Bangladesh 225.928 Myanmar 212.000 Nepal 94.990 Bhutan 5.500 Maldives 3.120 Mauritius 4.000 Seychelles 0.500 Sri Lanka 12.640 Bahrain 1.000 Brazil 40.000 Morocoo 70.000 Oman 1.000 Egypt 0.500 Algeria 0.500 South Africa 10.000 Kuwait 2.000 UAE 2.000 Afghanistan 14.680 Barbados 1.000 Dominica 0.700 Mexico 20.300 Dominican Republic 1.400 Saudi Arabia 45.000 El Salvador 1.100 Argentina 5.800 Serbia 1.500 UN Health workers 1.250 Mongolia 1.500 Ukraine 5.000 Ghana 27.040 Ivory Coast 5.540 St. Lucia 0.250 St. Kitts & Nevis 0.200 St. Vincent & 0.400 Country Total Grenadines Suriname 0.500 Antigua & Barbuda 0.400 DR Congo 17.660 Angola 6.240 Gambia 0.360 Nigeria 97.660 Cambodia 3.340 Kenya 11.200 Lesotho 0.360 Rwanda 7.900 Sao Tome & Principe 0.240 Senegal 3.490 Guatemala 2.000 Canada 5.000 Mali 3.960 Sudan 18.360 Liberia 0.960 Malawi 4.100 Uganda 9.640 Nicaragua 3.350 Guyana 0.800 Jamaica 0.500 UK 50.000 Togo 1.560 Djibouti 0.240 Somalia 8.400 Seirra Leone 0.960 Belize 0.250 Botswana 1.300 Mozambique 12.040 Ethiopia 21.840 Tajikistan 8.905 Benin 1.440 Country Total Eswatini 0.320 Bahamas 0.200 Cape Verde 0.240 Iran 11.250 Uzbekistan 7.959 Solomon Islands 0.240 Laos 7.260 Namibia 0.300 Bolivia 2.280 South Sudan 1.320 Paraguay 6.000 Fiji 1.000 UN Peacekeepers 2.000 Zimbabwe 0.750 Niger 3.802 Palestine 0.250 Yemen 3.600 Nauru 0.100 Trinidad & Tobago 0.400 Guinea 1.944 Papua New Guinea 1.320 Guinea Bissau 0.288 Zambia 2.280 Comoros 0.120 Cameroon 3.912 Mauritania 0.696 Albania 0.500 Syria 2.568 Indonesia 90.080 Australia 63.533 Netherlands 289.830 *Supplies so far (In lakhs)(As on 25 August 2022 at 1700 hrs) https://www.mea.gov.in/vaccine-supply.htm Supplies in form of GRANT, Commercial and COVAX Obligation Kapil K Goel
- 6. COVAX Initiatives of WHO Working for global equitable access for every country in the world to COVID-19 vaccines It aims to accelerate the development and manufacture of COVID-19 vaccines and to guarantee fair and equitable access for every country in the world. WHO has multiple roles within COVAX: It provides normative guidance on vaccine policy, regulation, safety, R&D, allocation, and country readiness and delivery. “COVAX is co-led by the Coalition for Epidemic Preparedness Innovations (CEPI), Gavi and the World Health Organization (WHO), alongside key delivery partner UNICEF” Kapil K Goel
- 7. Attitude of India towards world India Supplied 80 % od Doses for COVAX initiatives Kapil K Goel
- 8. Short Break in Vaccine Maitri • In late March 2021, the Government of India temporarily froze exports of the Covishield, citing India's own COVID crisis and the domestic need for these vaccines. • The Health Minister of India, Mr. Mansukh Mandaviya announced in September that India will resume the export of vaccines from October to the rest of the world. Kapil K Goel
- 9. VACCINES Covishield • On 1 January 2021, the Drug Controller General of India, approved the emergency or conditional use of Covishield. Covishield is developed by the University of Oxford and its spin-out company, Vaccitech. QUALITATIVE AND QUANTITATIVE COMPOSITION (i) 5 × 1010 virus particles (vp) *Recombinant, replication-deficient chimpanzee adenovirus vector encoding the SARS-CoV-2 Spike (S) glycoprotein. Produced in genetically modified human embryonic kidney (HEK) 293 cells. [This product contains genetically modified organisms (GMOs)] (ii) List of excipients: L-Histidine, L-Histidine hydrochloride monohydrate, Magnesium chloride hexahydrate, Sucrose, Sodium chloride, Disodium edetate dihydrate (EDTA) and water for injection Kapil K Goel
- 10. VACCINES FROM INDIA • India has two approved COVID-19 vaccines: Covishield and Covaxin. • Both of them were exported and used in foreign grants by the Government of India. • Of the two vaccines, COVAXIN is an inactivated vaccine whereas COVISHIELD is a live vaccine. Kapil K Goel
- 11. Covaxin • On 2 January 2021, Covaxin India's first COVID-19 vaccine, developed by Bharat Biotech in association with the Indian Council of Medical Research and National Institute of Virology received approval from the Drug Controller General of India for its emergency or conditional usage. • Composition 6µg of whole-virion inactivated SARS-CoV-2 antigen (Strain: NIV-2020- 770), Other inactive ingredients -Aluminium hydroxide gel 250 µg, -TLR 7 / 8 agonist (imidazo quinolinone) 15 µg, - 2-phenoxyethonol 2. 5 mg, - - and phosphate buffer saline upto 0. 5 ml.) Kapil K Goel
- 12. Vaccine supply • India kicked off international shipment of the vaccines on 20 January 2021, only four days after starting its own vaccination program. • Bhutan and Maldives were the first countries to receive vaccines as a grant by India. • This was quickly followed by shipments to Nepal, Bangladesh, Myanmar and Seychelles. • By mid-March 2021, India was also supplying vaccines on a commercial basis to countries including Canada, UK and Saudi Arabia. • In May, when COVAX was already short 140 million doses, the Serum Institute announced that it expected to maintain its suspension of vaccine deliveries to COVAX through the end of 2021 due to the second wave of COVID-19 in India and the US ban on export of key raw materials. Kapil K Goel
- 13. Self centered Countries during pandemic Kapil K Goel
- 14. International reaction on Vaccine Maitri • International Monetary Fund (IMF) IMF chief economist Gita Gopinath appriciated India for playing a key role during the crisis by dispatching vaccines to many countries. She said "I also want to mention that India really stands out in terms of its vaccine policy. If you look at where exactly is one manufacturing hub for vaccines in the world – that will be India Kapil K Goel
- 15. Countries Reactions on Vaccine Maitri • Jamaica of the Organisation of African, Caribbean and Pacific States (OACPS) has thanked Indian efforts in delivering vaccines to developing and least developed countries. Nepal Prime minister Khadga Prasad Oli thanked India stating; “We got an early chance to administer the Covid-19 vaccine. For this, I thank our neighbouring nation India, its government, the people, and especially Prime Minister Narendra Modi. They sent 10 lakh doses of vaccines to us as a grant within a week of the roll-out in India.” Kapil K Goel
- 16. Bhutan and Bangladesh • Until April 2021, India was one of the world’s leaders in vaccine diplomacy- delivering over 65 million doses worldwide. During that time, Indian made strides in improving its relations with recipient neighbors like Nepal and Bangladesh. Kapil K Goel
- 17. • Antigua and Barbuda Prime Minister Gaston Browne had thanked Prime Minister of India Narendra Modi "for demonstrating an act of benevolence, kindness and empathy", for sending vaccines to Caribbean countries. • Afghanistan Afghanistan's ambassador to India Farid Mamundzay said "Thank you, India for providing Afghan people lifesaving gift on the first day of 2022!" Kapil K Goel
- 18. St. Lucia,Barbados and Combodia St. Lucia on behalf of CARICOM thanked India for providing vaccine supplies to them.[21][23] Barbados Prime Minister Mia Amor Mottley thanked Prime Minister Narendra Modi for the supply of "Made in India" COVID-19 vaccines. She tweeted, "PM Modi made it possible for more than 40,000 persons in Barbados and tens of thousands elsewhere, to receive their 1st dose of COVISHIELD via Vaccine Maitri before receiving his. A genuine demonstration of generosity. Thank you and we wish you continued good health. Leaders who received vaccines provided by India for promoting Indian Vaccine in his own countires • Cambodia – Heng Samrin, Say Chhum • Nepal – KP Sharma Oli Kapil K Goel
- 19. Indonesia, Thailand and Srilanka • In July 2021,Indonesia and Thailand announced that they were moving away from Chinese Sinovac vaccines because of concerns of their quality and efficacy. They decided on other vaccines like those created by AstraZeneca (of which India is one of the largest producers). • Additionally, other countries like Sri Lanka have seen controversies concerning the high financial cost of the Chinese vaccines. Kapil K Goel
- 20. International actions in COVID 19 Pandemic • WHO and the European Union joined forces to support eight South East Asian countries in their response to COVID-19 and to strengthen preparedness for future pandemics. • The EU recently donated €20 million for a South East Asia pandemic response and preparedness programme. WHO will use the funds to continue supporting the governments of Cambodia, Indonesia, Lao People’s Democratic Republic, Malaysia, Myanmar, the Philippines, Thailand and Viet Nam. Kapil K Goel
- 21. QUAD Reaction • In September 2021, the international group known as the Quad (comprised of the US, Japan, Australia, and India) reiterated support for the Quad Vaccine Partnership, which aims to pool each country’s resources to provide around 1 billion vaccines to be distributed globally by the end of 2022. This a strong alternative for countries either considering or already receiving vaccines from China. Kapil K Goel
- 22. South Asian Countries • However, many South Asian countries prefer a balance of power between India and China in the region and are therefore eager to see India shipping vaccines at full capacity again. Kapil K Goel
- 23. Challenges • The opportunity is there for India, but whether India will permanently become a reliable vaccine exporter or shrink away again in the face of another wave remains to be seen. Kapil K Goel
- 24. Thank you Kapil K Goel