Protocaseyite
A valid IMA mineral species
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About Protocaseyite
Formula:
[Al4(OH)6(H2O)12][V10O28] · 8H2O
Colour:
Saffron yellow
Lustre:
Vitreous
Hardness:
2
Specific Gravity:
2.45
Crystal System:
Triclinic
Member of:
Name:
Named for its structural relation to caseyite. The describing authors speculate that the tetramer in protocaseyite is genetically related to the Al-bearing (flat-Al13-derived) cluster in caseyite.
Type Locality:
Unique Identifiers
Mindat ID:
55381
Long-form identifier:
mindat:1:1:55381:8
Classification of Protocaseyite
The Decavanadate Cluster
The decavanadate cluster found in protocaseyite. The same cluster is known in a number of other secondary vanadium minerals including, for example, pascoite, magnesiopascoite, and gunterite.
IMA Classification of Protocaseyite
Approved
Approval year:
2021
First published:
2022
4.HC.
4 : OXIDES (Hydroxides, V[5,6] vanadates, arsenites, antimonites, bismuthites, sulfites, selenites, tellurites, iodates)
H : V[5,6] Vanadates
C : [6]-Sorovanadates
4 : OXIDES (Hydroxides, V[5,6] vanadates, arsenites, antimonites, bismuthites, sulfites, selenites, tellurites, iodates)
H : V[5,6] Vanadates
C : [6]-Sorovanadates
Mineral Symbols
As of 2021 there are now IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols (abbreviations) for each mineral species, useful for tables and diagrams.
| Symbol | Source | Reference for Standard |
|---|---|---|
| Pcy | IMA–CNMNC | Warr, L.N. (2021). IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols. Mineralogical Magazine, 85(3), 291-320. doi:10.1180/mgm.2021.43 |
Physical Properties of Protocaseyite
Vitreous
Colour:
Saffron yellow
Streak:
Orange yellow
Hardness:
2 on Mohs scale
Tenacity:
Brittle
Cleavage:
Very Good
Two very good cleavages. One on {111} and one along the length of the blades and at an angle to the {111} face - possibly on {010}.
Two very good cleavages. One on {111} and one along the length of the blades and at an angle to the {111} face - possibly on {010}.
Fracture:
Sub-Conchoidal
Comment:
curved
Density:
2.45(2) g/cm3 (Measured) 2.448 g/cm3 (Calculated)
Optical Data of Protocaseyite
Type:
Biaxial
RI values:
nα = 1.755(5) nβ = 1.80 nγ = 1.80
Max. Birefringence:
δ = 0.045
Based on recorded range of RI values above.
Based on recorded range of RI values above.
Interference Colours:
The colours simulate birefringence patterns seen in thin section under crossed polars. They do not take into account mineral colouration or opacity.
Michel-Levy Bar The default colours simulate the birefringence range for a 30 µm thin-section thickness. Adjust the slider to simulate a different thickness.
Grain Simulation You can rotate the grain simulation to show how this range might look as you rotated a sample under crossed polars.
The colours simulate birefringence patterns seen in thin section under crossed polars. They do not take into account mineral colouration or opacity.
Michel-Levy Bar The default colours simulate the birefringence range for a 30 µm thin-section thickness. Adjust the slider to simulate a different thickness.
Grain Simulation You can rotate the grain simulation to show how this range might look as you rotated a sample under crossed polars.
Surface Relief:
Moderate
Dispersion:
Extreme.
Pleochroism:
Visible
Comments:
X = Y = yellow; Z = orange.
Comments:
Absorption: X ≈ Y < Z.
Chemistry of Protocaseyite
Mindat Formula:
[Al4(OH)6(H2O)12][V10O28] · 8H2O
Element Weights:
Elements listed:
Crystallography of Protocaseyite
Crystal System:
Triclinic
Class (H-M):
1 - Pinacoidal
Space Group:
P1
Cell Parameters:
a = 9.435(2) Å, b = 10.742(3) Å, c = 11.205(3) Å
α = 75.395(7)°, β = 71.057(10)°, γ = 81.286(6)°
α = 75.395(7)°, β = 71.057(10)°, γ = 81.286(6)°
Ratio:
a:b:c = 0.878 : 1 : 1.043
Unit Cell V:
1,036.41 ų (Calculated from Unit Cell)
Z:
1
Crystal Structure
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Data courtesy of the American Mineralogist Crystal Structure Database. Click on an AMCSD ID to view structure
| ID | Species | Reference | Link | Year | Locality | Pressure (GPa) | Temp (K) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| M11971 | Protocaseyite | Kampf, A.R., Cooper, M.A., Hughes, J.M., Ma, C., Casey, W.H., Hawthorne, F.C., Marty, J. (2022) Protocaseyite Kampf, Anthony R., Cooper, Mark A., Hughes, John M., Ma, Chi, Casey, William H., Hawthorne, Frank C., Marty, Joe Protocaseyite, a new decavanadate mineral containing a [Al4(OH)6(H2O)12]6+ linear tetramer, a novel isopolycation. American Mineralogis |  | 2022 | Burro Mine, Colorado, USA | 0 | 0 |
CIF Raw Data - click here to close
X-Ray Powder Diffraction
Powder Diffraction Data:
| d-spacing | Intensity |
|---|---|
| 10.38 Å | (100) |
| 8.89 Å | (37) |
| 8.15 Å | (13) |
| 7.24 Å | (38) |
| 5.922 Å | (17) |
| 2.177 Å | (11) |
| 2.083 Å | (13) |
| 1.785 Å | (11) |
Type Occurrence of Protocaseyite
General Appearance of Type Material:
Thick blades.
Place of Conservation of Type Material:
Mineralogical collections of the Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County, 900 Exposition Boulevard, Los Angeles, CA 90007, USA, catalogue numbers 75191, 75192 and 75193 (cotypes).
Geological Setting of Type Material:
Part of a low-temperature, post-mining, secondary mineral assemblage.
Associated Minerals at Type Locality:
Synonyms of Protocaseyite
Other Language Names for Protocaseyite
Dutch:Protocaseyiet
German:Protocaseyit
Relationship of Protocaseyite to other Species
Member of:
Other Members of Pascoite Family:
| Bluestreakite | K4Mg2(V4+2V5+8O28) · 14H2O | Mon. 2/m |
| Burroite | Ca2(NH4)2(V10O28) · 15H2O | Tric. 1 : P1 |
| Caseyite | [(V5+O2)Al10-x(OH)20-2x(H2O)18-2x]2[H2V4+V5+9O28][V5+10O28]2(Na,K,Ca)2-y(SO4)2-z · (60+8x+y+4z)H2O (x = 0-2.5; y = 0-2; z = 0-2) | Mon. |
| Gunterite | Na4Ca(V10O28) · 20H2O | Mon. 2/m : B2/m |
| Hughesite | Na3Al(V10O28) · 22H2O | Tric. 1 : P1 |
| Kokinosite | Na2Ca2(V10O28) · 24H2O | Tric. 1 : P1 |
| Lasalite Group | ||
| Nashite | Na3Ca2[(V5+9V4+)O28] · 24H2O | Mon. 2/m : P21/m |
| Okieite | Mg3[V10O28] · 28H2O | Tric. 1 : P1 |
| Pascoite Group | A group of monoclinic or triclinic, hydrated soro-vanadates with a decavanadate (V^10O^28)#6-# anion. | |
| Postite | Mg(H2O)6Al2(OH)2(H2O)8(V10O28) · 13H2O | Orth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m) : Pccn |
| Schindlerite | {(NH4)4Na2(H2O)10}{V10O28} | Tric. 1 : P1 |
| Trebiskyite | Na3Mg2[TiV9O28] · 22H2O | Mon. 2/m : P21/b |
| Wernerbaurite | {(NH4)2[Ca2(H2O)14](H2O)2}{V10O28} | Tric. 1 : P1 |
Related Minerals - Strunz-mindat Grouping
| 4.HC. | Ammoniolasalite | [(NH4)2Mg2(H2O)20] [V10O28] |
| 4.HC. | Beckettite | Ca2V6Al6O20 |
| 4.HC.05 | Pascoite | Ca2Ca(V10O28) · 17H2O |
| 4.HC.05 | Hydropascoite | Ca3(V10O28) · 24H2O |
| 4.HC.05 | Lasalite | Na2Mg2(V10O28) · 20H2O |
| 4.HC.05 | Hughesite | Na3Al(V10O28) · 22H2O |
| 4.HC.05 | Magnesiopascoite | Ca2Mg(V10O28) · 16H2O |
| 4.HC.05 | Rakovanite | (NH4)3Na3(V10O28) · 12H2O |
| 4.HC.10 | Hummerite | K2Mg2(V10O28) · 16H2O |
| 4.HC.15 | Sherwoodite | Ca5.5(AlV4+V5+12O39) · 28H2O |
| 4.HC.20 | Bluestreakite | K4Mg2(V4+2V5+8O28) · 14H2O |
| 4.HC.25 | Wernerbaurite | {(NH4)2[Ca2(H2O)14](H2O)2}{V10O28} |
| 4.HC.25 | Burroite | Ca2(NH4)2(V10O28) · 15H2O |
| 4.HC.30 | Caseyite | [(V5+O2)Al10-x(OH)20-2x(H2O)18-2x]2[H2V4+V5+9O28][V5+10O28]2(Na,K,Ca)2-y(SO4)2-z · (60+8x+y+4z)H2O (x = 0-2.5; y = 0-2; z = 0-2) |
| 4.HC.35 | Gunterite | Na4Ca(V10O28) · 20H2O |
| 4.HC.40 | Kokinosite | Na2Ca2(V10O28) · 24H2O |
| 4.HC.45 | Nashite | Na3Ca2[(V5+9V4+)O28] · 24H2O |
| 4.HC.50 | Okieite | Mg3[V10O28] · 28H2O |
| 4.HC.55 | Postite | Mg(H2O)6Al2(OH)2(H2O)8(V10O28) · 13H2O |
| 4.HC.60 | Schindlerite | {(NH4)4Na2(H2O)10}{V10O28} |
Fluorescence of Protocaseyite
None
Other Information
Notes:
Insoluble in water, soluble in dilute HCl.
Health Risks:
No information on health risks for this material has been entered into the database. You should always treat mineral specimens with care.
Internet Links for Protocaseyite
mindat.org URL:
https://www.mindat.org/min-55381.html
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References for Protocaseyite
Reference List:
Miyawaki, Ritsuro, Hatert, Frédéric, Pasero, Marco, Mills, Stuart J. (2021) IMA Commission on New Minerals, Nomenclature and Classification (CNMNC) CNMNC Newsletter No 60. Mineralogical Magazine, 1-5 doi:10.1180/mgm.2021.30
Kampf, Anthony R., Cooper, Mark A., Hughes, John M., Ma, Chi, Casey, William H., Hawthorne, Frank C., Marty, Joe (2022) Protocaseyite, a new decavanadate mineral containing a [Al4(OH)6(H2O)12]6+ linear tetramer, a novel isopolycation. American Mineralogist, 107 (6) 1181-1189 doi:10.2138/am-2022-8059
Localities for Protocaseyite
Showing 1 localities.
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The Locality List
- This locality has map coordinates listed.
- This locality has estimated coordinates.
ⓘ - Click for references and further information on this occurrence.
? - Indicates mineral may be doubtful at this locality.
- Good crystals or important locality for species.
- World class for species or very significant.
(TL) - Type Locality for a valid mineral species.
(FRL) - First Recorded Locality for everything else (eg varieties).
All localities listed without proper references should be considered as questionable.
USA (TL) | |
| Miyawaki et al. (2021) +2 other references |
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San Miguel County, Colorado, USA