Schumacherite
A valid IMA mineral species
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About Schumacherite
Friedrich Schumacher
Formula:
Bi3(VO4)2O(OH)
Colour:
Yellow to yellow-brown, red-brown.
Lustre:
Adamantine
Hardness:
3
Specific Gravity:
6.90 (Calculated)
Crystal System:
Triclinic
Member of:
Name:
Named in honor of Friedrich Schumacher (20 May 1884, Spaichingen, Germany - 5 September 1975, Ottobeuren, West Germany), Professor of Mineralogy at the Universities of Freiberg and Bonn, Germany.
Unique Identifiers
Mindat ID:
3591
Long-form identifier:
mindat:1:1:3591:6
IMA Classification of Schumacherite
Approved
IMA Formula:
Bi3O(VO4)2(OH)
First published:
1983
Classification of Schumacherite
8.BO.10
8 : PHOSPHATES, ARSENATES, VANADATES
B : Phosphates, etc., with additional anions, without H2O
O : With only large cations, (OH, etc.):RO4 about 1:1
8 : PHOSPHATES, ARSENATES, VANADATES
B : Phosphates, etc., with additional anions, without H2O
O : With only large cations, (OH, etc.):RO4 about 1:1
41.10.9.2
41 : ANHYDROUS PHOSPHATES, ETC.CONTAINING HYDROXYL OR HALOGEN
10 : (AB)3(XO4)2Zq
41 : ANHYDROUS PHOSPHATES, ETC.CONTAINING HYDROXYL OR HALOGEN
10 : (AB)3(XO4)2Zq
21.3.15
21 : Vanadates (and vanadates with arsenate or phosphate)
3 : Vanadates of Al, rare earths, Pb, V or Bi
21 : Vanadates (and vanadates with arsenate or phosphate)
3 : Vanadates of Al, rare earths, Pb, V or Bi
Mineral Symbols
As of 2021 there are now IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols (abbreviations) for each mineral species, useful for tables and diagrams.
| Symbol | Source | Reference for Standard |
|---|---|---|
| Shh | IMA–CNMNC | Warr, L.N. (2021). IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols. Mineralogical Magazine, 85(3), 291-320. doi:10.1180/mgm.2021.43 |
Physical Properties of Schumacherite
Adamantine
Transparency:
Translucent
Colour:
Yellow to yellow-brown, red-brown.
Hardness:
3 on Mohs scale
Density:
6.90 g/cm3 (Calculated)
Optical Data of Schumacherite
Type:
Biaxial (+)
RI values:
nα = 2.20 nγ = 2.42
2V:
Measured: 90°
Max. Birefringence:
δ = 0.220
Based on recorded range of RI values above.
Based on recorded range of RI values above.
Interference Colours:
The colours simulate birefringence patterns seen in thin section under crossed polars. They do not take into account mineral colouration or opacity.
Michel-Levy Bar The default colours simulate the birefringence range for a 30 µm thin-section thickness. Adjust the slider to simulate a different thickness.
Grain Simulation You can rotate the grain simulation to show how this range might look as you rotated a sample under crossed polars.
The colours simulate birefringence patterns seen in thin section under crossed polars. They do not take into account mineral colouration or opacity.
Michel-Levy Bar The default colours simulate the birefringence range for a 30 µm thin-section thickness. Adjust the slider to simulate a different thickness.
Grain Simulation You can rotate the grain simulation to show how this range might look as you rotated a sample under crossed polars.
Surface Relief:
Moderate
Chemistry of Schumacherite
Mindat Formula:
Bi3(VO4)2O(OH)
Element Weights:
Elements listed:
Common Impurities:
As,P
Crystallography of Schumacherite
Crystal System:
Triclinic
Class (H-M):
1 - Pinacoidal
Space Group:
P1
Cell Parameters:
a = 10.05(3) Å, b = 7.46(3) Å, c = 6.90(3) Å
α = 87.7(3)°, β = 115.3(3)°, γ = 111.5(3)°
α = 87.7(3)°, β = 115.3(3)°, γ = 111.5(3)°
Ratio:
a:b:c = 1.347 : 1 : 0.925
Unit Cell V:
430.96 ų (Calculated from Unit Cell)
Z:
2
X-Ray Powder Diffraction
Powder Diffraction Data:
| d-spacing | Intensity |
|---|---|
| 3.28 Å | (10) |
| 3.19 Å | (8) |
| 3.09 Å | (8) |
| 4.57 Å | (6) |
| 1.976 Å | (5) |
| 6.21 Å | (4) |
| 4.13 Å | (4) |
Comments:
very similar to preisingerite and petitjeanite.
Geological Environment
Paragenetic Mode(s):
| Paragenetic Mode | Earliest Age (Ga) |
|---|---|
| Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event | <2.4 |
| 47a : [Near-surface hydration of prior minerals] | |
| 47e : [Vanadates, chromates, manganates] | |
| 47h : [Near-surface oxidized, dehydrated minerals] |
Type Occurrence of Schumacherite
Place of Conservation of Type Material:
University of Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany; National Museum of Natural History, Washington, D.C., USA, 149596.
Associated Minerals at Type Locality:
Synonyms of Schumacherite
Other Language Names for Schumacherite
Relationship of Schumacherite to other Species
Member of:
Other Members of Preisingerite Group:
| Petitjeanite | Bi3(PO4)2O(OH) | Tric. 1 : P1 |
| Preisingerite | Bi3(AsO4)2O(OH) | Tric. 1 : P1 |
Structurally related to group(s):
Forms a series with:
Common Associates
Associations Based on Photo Data:
| 9 photos of Schumacherite associated with Pucherite | Bi(VO4) |
| 3 photos of Schumacherite associated with Chrysocolla | Cu2-xAlx(H2-xSi2O5)(OH)4 · nH2O, x < 1 |
| 2 photos of Schumacherite associated with Namibite | Cu(BiO)2(VO4)(OH) |
| 1 photo of Schumacherite associated with Quartz | SiO2 |
| 1 photo of Schumacherite associated with 'Opal-AN' | SiO2 · nH2O |
Related Minerals - Strunz-mindat Grouping
| 8.BO. | Ariegilatite | BaCa12(SiO4)4(PO4)2F2O |
| 8.BO. | Aravaite | Ba2Ca18(SiO4)6(PO4)3(CO3)F3O |
| 8.BO. | Theuerdankite | Ag3AsO4 |
| 8.BO.05 | Nacaphite | Na2Ca(PO4)F |
| 8.BO.10 | Petitjeanite | Bi3(PO4)2O(OH) |
| 8.BO.10 | Preisingerite | Bi3(AsO4)2O(OH) |
| 8.BO.15 | Hechtsbergite | Bi2(VO4)O(OH) |
| 8.BO.15 | Smrkovecite | Bi2(PO4)O(OH) |
| 8.BO.15 | Atelestite | Bi2(AsO4)O(OH) |
| 8.BO.20 | Sahlinite | Pb14(AsO4)2O9Cl4 |
| 8.BO.20 | Kombatite | Pb14(VO4)2O9Cl4 |
| 8.BO.25 | Heneuite | CaMg5(CO3)(PO4)3(OH) |
| 8.BO.30 | Nefedovite | Na5Ca4(PO4)4F |
| 8.BO.35 | Kuznetsovite | [Hg2]2+Hg2+[AsO4]Cl |
| 8.BO.40 | Artsmithite | [Hg2]2+2Al(PO4)1.74(OH)1.78 |
| 8.BO.45 | Schlegelite | Bi7(AsO4)3(MoO4)2O4 |
| 8.BO.50 | Hereroite | [Pb32(O,◻)21](AsO4)2[(Si,As,V,Mo)O4]2Cl10 |
| 8.BO.50 | Erikjonssonite | (Pb32O21)[(V,Si,Mo,As)O4]4Cl9 |
| 8.BO.55 | Rudabányaite | (Ag2Hg2)(AsO4)Cl |
| 8.BO.60 | Segerstromite | Ca3(As5+O4)2[As3+(OH)3]2 |
| 8.BO.65 | Wiklundite | Pb2(Mn2+,Zn)3(Fe3+,Mn2+)2(Mn2+,Mg)19(As3+O3)2[(Si,As5+)O4]6(OH)18Cl6 |
Other Information
Health Risks:
No information on health risks for this material has been entered into the database. You should always treat mineral specimens with care.
Internet Links for Schumacherite
mindat.org URL:
https://www.mindat.org/min-3591.html
Please feel free to link to this page.
Please feel free to link to this page.
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References for Schumacherite
Reference List:
Walenta, K., Dunn, P. J., Hentschel, G., Mereiter, K. (1983) Schumacherit, ein neues Wismutmineral von Schneeberg in Sachsen. TMPM Tschermaks Mineralogische und Petrographische Mitteilungen, 31 (1). 165-173 doi:10.1007/bf01084768
Dunn, Pete J., Gobel, Volker, Grice, Joel D., Puziewicz, Jacek, Shigley, James E., Vanko, David A., Zilczer, Janet (1985) New mineral names. American Mineralogist, 70 (3-4) 436-441
Frost, Ray L., Henry, Dermot A., Weier, Matt L., Martens, Wayde (2006) Raman spectroscopy of three polymorphs of BiVO4: clinobisvanite, dreyerite and pucherite, with comparisons to (VO4)3-bearing minerals: namibite, pottsite and schumacherite. Journal of Raman Spectroscopy, 37 (7). 722-732 doi:10.1002/jrs.1499
Localities for Schumacherite
Showing 14 localities.
symbol to view information about a locality.
The Locality List
- This locality has map coordinates listed.
- This locality has estimated coordinates.
ⓘ - Click for references and further information on this occurrence.
? - Indicates mineral may be doubtful at this locality.
- Good crystals or important locality for species.
- World class for species or very significant.
(TL) - Type Locality for a valid mineral species.
(FRL) - First Recorded Locality for everything else (eg varieties).
All localities listed without proper references should be considered as questionable.
Australia | |
| Dunning et al. (1998) +2 other references |
Brazil | |
| Burns et al. (2000) |
Germany | |
| 50. (in German) +3 other references |
| Massanek et al. (2005) |
| Massanek et al. (2005) +1 other reference |
| Massanek et al. (2005) | |
| Tscherm.Min.Petr.Mitt. (1983) +1 other reference |
| Gröbner et al. (2007) +1 other reference |
Poland | |
| Kozłowski et al. (2016) |
| Kozłowski et al. (2018) |
Spain | |
| Calvo Rebollar et al. (2022) |
USA | |
| Dunning et al. (1998) |
| Dunning et al. (1998) |
| Mineralogical Society of America - ... |
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Pucher Shaft, Wolfgangmaßen mines, Wolfgangmaßen, Neustädtel, Schneeberg, Erzgebirgskreis, Saxony, Germany