Kutnohorite
A valid IMA mineral species - grandfathered
This page kindly sponsored by Bree Bullinger
About Kutnohorite
Formula:
CaMn2+(CO3)2
Colour:
White, pale rose, pink, light to medium brown
Lustre:
Sub-Vitreous, Resinous
Hardness:
3½ - 4
Specific Gravity:
3.12
Crystal System:
Trigonal
Member of:
Name:
Named in 1901 by Antonín Bukovský for the type locality - Kutna Hora, Bohemia, Czech Republic.
Dolomite Group. Ankerite-Kutnohorite Series.
The cation ordering is temperature-dependent: Unpublished studies cited by Goldsmith and Graf (1960) indicate that cation disordering in synthetic CaMn(CO3)2 begins at approximately 450°C. CaMn(CO3)2 formed at higher temperature has a disordered distribution of Ca and Mn, and a calcite-type structure.
The cation ordering is temperature-dependent: Unpublished studies cited by Goldsmith and Graf (1960) indicate that cation disordering in synthetic CaMn(CO3)2 begins at approximately 450°C. CaMn(CO3)2 formed at higher temperature has a disordered distribution of Ca and Mn, and a calcite-type structure.
Unique Identifiers
Mindat ID:
2299
Long-form identifier:
mindat:1:1:2299:2
IMA Classification of Kutnohorite
Approved, 'Grandfathered' (first described prior to 1959)
Classification of Kutnohorite
5.AB.10
5 : CARBONATES (NITRATES)
A : Carbonates without additional anions, without H2O
B : Alkali-earth (and other M2+) carbonates
5 : CARBONATES (NITRATES)
A : Carbonates without additional anions, without H2O
B : Alkali-earth (and other M2+) carbonates
14.2.1.3
14 : ANHYDROUS NORMAL CARBONATES
2 : AB(XO3)2
14 : ANHYDROUS NORMAL CARBONATES
2 : AB(XO3)2
11.12.4
11 : Carbonates
12 : Carbonates of Mn
11 : Carbonates
12 : Carbonates of Mn
Mineral Symbols
As of 2021 there are now IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols (abbreviations) for each mineral species, useful for tables and diagrams.
Please only use the official IMA–CNMNC symbol. Older variants are listed for historical use only.
Please only use the official IMA–CNMNC symbol. Older variants are listed for historical use only.
| Symbol | Source | Reference for Standard |
|---|---|---|
| Kut | IMA–CNMNC | Warr, L.N. (2021). IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols. Mineralogical Magazine, 85(3), 291-320. doi:10.1180/mgm.2021.43 |
| Kut | Whitney & Evans (2010) | Whitney, D.L. and Evans, B.W. (2010) Abbreviations for names of rock-forming minerals. American Mineralogist, 95, 185–187 doi:10.2138/am.2010.3371 |
Physical Properties of Kutnohorite
Sub-Vitreous, Resinous
Transparency:
Translucent
Colour:
White, pale rose, pink, light to medium brown
Streak:
White
Hardness:
3½ - 4 on Mohs scale
Tenacity:
Brittle
Cleavage:
Perfect
Perfect on {1011}
Perfect on {1011}
Fracture:
Sub-Conchoidal
Density:
3.12 g/cm3 (Measured) 3.15 g/cm3 (Calculated)
Optical Data of Kutnohorite
Type:
Uniaxial (-)
RI values:
nω = 1.710 - 1.727 nε = 1.519 - 1.535
Birefringence:
0.191
Max. Birefringence:
δ = 0.191 - 0.192
Based on recorded range of RI values above.
Based on recorded range of RI values above.
Interference Colours:
The colours simulate birefringence patterns seen in thin section under crossed polars. They do not take into account mineral colouration or opacity.
Michel-Levy Bar The default colours simulate the birefringence range for a 30 µm thin-section thickness. Adjust the slider to simulate a different thickness.
Grain Simulation You can rotate the grain simulation to show how this range might look as you rotated a sample under crossed polars.
The colours simulate birefringence patterns seen in thin section under crossed polars. They do not take into account mineral colouration or opacity.
Michel-Levy Bar The default colours simulate the birefringence range for a 30 µm thin-section thickness. Adjust the slider to simulate a different thickness.
Grain Simulation You can rotate the grain simulation to show how this range might look as you rotated a sample under crossed polars.
Surface Relief:
Moderate
Optical Extinction:
Parallel
Chemistry of Kutnohorite
Mindat Formula:
CaMn2+(CO3)2
Element Weights:
Elements listed:
Crystallography of Kutnohorite
Crystal System:
Trigonal
Class (H-M):
3 - Rhombohedral
Space Group:
R3
Cell Parameters:
a = 4.8518(3) Å, c = 16.217(2) Å
Ratio:
a:c = 1 : 3.342
Unit Cell V:
330.60 ų (Calculated from Unit Cell)
Z:
3
Morphology:
Polycrystalline spherules
Crystal Structure
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Data courtesy of the American Mineralogist Crystal Structure Database. Click on an AMCSD ID to view structure
| ID | Species | Reference | Link | Year | Locality | Pressure (GPa) | Temp (K) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0001070 | Kutnohorite | Peacor D R, Essene E J, Gaines A M (1987) Petrologic and crystal-chemical implications of cation order-disorder in kutnahorite (CaMn(CO3)2) American Mineralogist 72 319-328 |  | 1987 | 0 | 293 | |
| 0001069 | Kutnohorite | Peacor D R, Essene E J, Gaines A M (1987) Petrologic and crystal-chemical implications of cation order-disorder in kutnahorite (CaMn(CO3)2) American Mineralogist 72 319-328 | | 1987 | 0 | 293 | |
| 0000106 | Kutnohorite | Graf D L (1961) Crystallographic tables for the rhombohedral carbonates American Mineralogist 46 1283-1316 | | 1961 | 0 | 293 |
CIF Raw Data - click here to close
X-Ray Powder Diffraction
Loading XRD data...
Data courtesy of RRUFF project at University of Arizona, used with permission.
Powder Diffraction Data:
| d-spacing | Intensity |
|---|---|
| 4.27 Å | (6) |
| 3.75 Å | (20) |
| 2.94 Å | (100) |
| 2.73 Å | (6) |
| 2.59 Å | (4) |
| 2.44 Å | (14) |
| 2.23 Å | (20) |
| 2.10 Å | (4) |
| 2.04 Å | (20) |
| 1.876 Å | (10) |
| 1.837 Å | (25) |
| 1.814 Å | (30) |
Comments:
See also ICDD 19-234 (calcian), ICDD 20-225 (magnesian)
Geological Environment
Paragenetic Mode(s):
| Paragenetic Mode | Earliest Age (Ga) |
|---|---|
| High-𝑇 alteration and/or metamorphism | |
| 32 : Ba/Mn/Pb/Zn deposits, including metamorphic deposits |
Geological Setting:
Manganiferous sediments
Polymetallic manganese, iron, zinc, etc. deposits
Polymetallic manganese, iron, zinc, etc. deposits
Type Occurrence of Kutnohorite
Synonyms of Kutnohorite
Other Language Names for Kutnohorite
Dutch:Kutnohoriet
German:Kutnohorit
Kutnahorit
Mangandolomit (in part)
Kutnahorit
Mangandolomit (in part)
Russian:Кутногорит
Spanish:Kutnahorita
Kutnohorita
Kutnohorita
Traditional Chinese:錳白雲石 (in part)
Relationship of Kutnohorite to other Species
Member of:
Other Members of Dolomite Group:
| Ankerite | Ca(Fe2+,Mg)(CO3)2 | Trig. 3 : R3 |
| Dolomite | CaMg(CO3)2 | Trig. 3 : R3 |
| Minrecordite | CaZn(CO3)2 | Trig. 3 : R3 |
| Norsethite | BaMg(CO3)2 | Trig. 3 2 : R3 2 |
| Škáchaite | CaCo(CO3)2 | Trig. 3 : R3 |
| 'Unnamed (Pb analogue of Dolomite)' | PbMg(CO3)2 |
Forms a series with:
Common Associates
Associations Based on Photo Data:
| 155 photos of Kutnohorite associated with Aragonite | CaCO3 |
| 74 photos of Kutnohorite associated with Quartz | SiO2 |
| 68 photos of Kutnohorite associated with 'Manganese-bearing Calcite' | (Ca,Mn)CO3 |
| 63 photos of Kutnohorite associated with Rhodochrosite | MnCO3 |
| 50 photos of Kutnohorite associated with Calcite | CaCO3 |
| 27 photos of Kutnohorite associated with Pyrite | FeS2 |
| 21 photos of Kutnohorite associated with Rhodonite | CaMn3Mn[Si5O15] |
| 18 photos of Kutnohorite associated with Sphalerite | ZnS |
| 17 photos of Kutnohorite associated with Willemite | Zn2SiO4 |
| 15 photos of Kutnohorite associated with Goethite | Fe3+O(OH) |
Related Minerals - Strunz-mindat Grouping
| 5.AB.05 | Siderite | FeCO3 |
| 5.AB.05 | Rhodochrosite | MnCO3 |
| 5.AB.05 | Calcite | CaCO3 |
| 5.AB.05 | Smithsonite | ZnCO3 |
| 5.AB.05 | Gaspéite | NiCO3 |
| 5.AB.05 | Spherocobaltite | CoCO3 |
| 5.AB.05 | Magnesite | MgCO3 |
| 5.AB.05 | Otavite | CdCO3 |
| 5.AB.05 va | 'Parakutnohorite' | |
| 5.AB.10 | Dolomite | CaMg(CO3)2 |
| 5.AB.10 | Minrecordite | CaZn(CO3)2 |
| 5.AB.10 | Škáchaite | CaCo(CO3)2 |
| 5.AB.10 | Ankerite | Ca(Fe2+,Mg)(CO3)2 |
| 5.AB.15 | Aragonite | CaCO3 |
| 5.AB.15 | Cerussite | PbCO3 |
| 5.AB.15 | Witherite | BaCO3 |
| 5.AB.15 | Strontianite | SrCO3 |
| 5.AB.20 | Vaterite | CaCO3 |
| 5.AB.25 | Huntite | CaMg3(CO3)4 |
| 5.AB.30 | Norsethite | BaMg(CO3)2 |
| 5.AB.35 | Alstonite | BaCa(CO3)2 |
| 5.AB.40 | Paralstonite | BaCa(CO3)2 |
| 5.AB.40 | Olekminskite | Sr(Sr,Ca,Ba)(CO3)2 |
| 5.AB.45 | Barytocalcite | BaCa(CO3)2 |
| 5.AB.50 | Carbocernaite | (Ca,Na)(Sr,Ce,Ba)(CO3)2 |
| 5.AB.55 | Benstonite | Ba6Ca6Mg(CO3)13 |
| 5.AB.60 | Juangodoyite | Na2Cu(CO3)2 |
Fluorescence of Kutnohorite
Rarely fluorescent SW
Other Information
Notes:
May be slowly soluble in common acids. See Frondel, C. and Bauer, L. H. (1955) Kutnahorite, Am. Min. v. 40 : 748-760.
Health Risks:
No information on health risks for this material has been entered into the database. You should always treat mineral specimens with care.
Internet Links for Kutnohorite
mindat.org URL:
https://www.mindat.org/min-2299.html
Please feel free to link to this page.
Please feel free to link to this page.
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External Links:
Mineral Dealers:
References for Kutnohorite
Reference List:
Frondel, Clifford, Bauer, L. H. (1955) Kutnahorite: a manganese dolomite, CaMn(CO3)2. American Mineralogist, 40 (7-8). 748-760
Goldsmith, Julian R, Graf, Donald L (1957) The system CaO-MnO-CO2: Solid-solution and decomposition relations. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 11 (4). 310-334 doi:10.1016/0016-7037(57)90101-1
Goldsmith, Julian R., Graf, Donald L. (1960) Subsolidus Relations in the System CaCO3-MgCO3-MnCO3. The Journal of Geology, 68 (3) 324-335 doi:10.1086/626662
Žák, L., Povondra, P. (1981) Kutnohorite from the Chvaletice pyrite and manganese deposit, east Bohemia. TMPM Tschermaks Mineralogische und Petrographische Mitteilungen, 28 (1). 55-63 doi:10.1007/bf01081850
Peacor, Donald R., Essene, Eric J., Gaines, Alan M. (1987) Petrologic and crystal-chemical implications of cation order-disorder in kutnahorite [CaMn(CO3)2]. American Mineralogist, 72 (3-4) 319-328
Farkas, Laszlo, Bolzenius, Beda H., Will, Georg (1988) Powder Diffraction Data and Unit Cell of Kutnohorite. Powder Diffraction, 3 (3). 172-174 doi:10.1017/s0885715600032930
Localities for Kutnohorite
Showing 340 localities.
symbol to view information about a locality.
The Locality List
- This locality has map coordinates listed.
- This locality has estimated coordinates.
ⓘ - Click for references and further information on this occurrence.
? - Indicates mineral may be doubtful at this locality.
- Good crystals or important locality for species.
- World class for species or very significant.
(TL) - Type Locality for a valid mineral species.
(FRL) - First Recorded Locality for everything else (eg varieties).
All localities listed without proper references should be considered as questionable.
Argentina | |
| Raúl J. Tauber Larry´s collection |
| Brodtkorb (2002) +1 other reference | |
| Gallard-Esquivel et al. (2018) |
Armenia | |
| Mederer et al. (2019) |
Australia | |
| McQueen +2 other references |
| Staubmann et al. (2025) |
| Brown et al. (1992) |
| Graham et al. (2021) |
| Worner et al. (1982) |
| Paul et al. (2015) |
| Ralph Bottrill et al. (AGCC) +2 other references |
| Mineral Resources Tasmania +1 other reference |
| Bottrill et al. (2008) | |
| CJR Migisha +3 other references |
Austria | |
| H. Meixner: 32 (3) |
| Niedermayr et al. (1995) |
| Taucher (1995) |
| Strasser (1989) |
| Brandstätter et al. (2000) |
| Kolitsch et al. (2015) +1 other reference |
| Kolitsch et al. (2025) | |
| Kolitsch et al. (2021) |
| Kolitsch et al. (2019) | |
| Gerald Gesselbauer (06.2010) |
| Bojar (2006) | |
| SEM-EDS |
| Postl et al. (1996) |
| Kolitsch et al. (2019) |
| Brandstätter et al. (2015) | |
| Kolitsch et al. (2018) |
| Kolitsch et al. (2021) |
| Hölblinger et al. (2019) |
| Kolitsch et al. (2017) |
Baltic Sea | |
| Burke et al. (2002) |
Belgium | |
| Van Tassel et al. (1960) +2 other references |
| Hatert et al. (2002) | |
| Fransolet et al. (1975) +4 other references |
| |
| Fransolet et al. (1975) +2 other references | |
| Hatert et al. (2002) |
| Hatert et al. (2002) | |
Brazil | |
| Cornejo +1 other reference |
| Horváth |
| Gomes et al. (2023) | |
| Salgado et al. (2019) +1 other reference |
| Vale SA |
Bulgaria | |
| Василева et al. (2003) |
| Vassileva et al. (2003) +1 other reference |
Burkina Faso | |
| Sattran et al. (2002) |
Canada | |
| Hora et al. (2006) |
| Grice et al. (1977) |
| Simandl et al. (1997) +1 other reference |
| Peter et al. (1996) |
| Klein (1966) |
| Klein (1966) |
| Sheard et al. (2012) |
| Sheard (2010) +2 other references |
| Bailey (2017) |
| Horváth collection specimens XRD ID |
| Chen et al. (2013) |
| Grice (1989) +1 other reference |
| Shang (2000) |
Chile | |
| Thompson et al. (2004) +1 other reference |
| Chinchilla et al. (2013) +1 other reference |
China | |
| Pingyi Wan (2002) |
| Pingyi Wan (2002) | |
| Gongqin Zhang (1986) +1 other reference | |
| Teng et al. (2025) | |
| Pingyi Wan (2002) | |
| Jiuling Zhang (1982) +2 other references | |
| Pingyi Wan (2002) | |
| Pingyi Wan (2002) | |
| Teng et al. (2025) | |
| Teng et al. (2025) | |
| Qi Zhou et al. (2013) |
| Qi Zhou et al. (2013) |
| Yu et al. (2023) |
| Guangxiang Cheng (1984) |
| Jia et al. (2025) |
| Lees et al. (2011) |
| Qi Zhou et al. (2013) |
| Qi Zhou et al. (2013) | |
| Qi Zhou et al. (2013) | |
| Qi Zhou et al. (2013) | |
| Qi Zhou et al. (2013) | |
| Qi Zhou et al. (2013) |
| Yan et al. (2023) |
| Huang et al. (2024) |
| Jensen (2009) +1 other reference |
| Jiuling Zhang (1982) +2 other references |
| Qi Zhou et al. (2013) |
| Mengjun Ceng (1992) |
| Ziqiang Wei (1976) | |
| Mengjun Ceng (1992) +1 other reference |
| Tan et al. (2025) |
| Huang et al. (2026) | |
| boyuan zhang Collection |
| Wang Chen et al. (2006) |
| Caiwen Cai (1983) +1 other reference |
| Fan et al. (1999) |
| Zhao et al. (2003) |
| Zhao et al. (2003) | |
| Zhao et al. (2003) | |
| Zhao et al. (2003) | |
| Gongqin Zhang (1986) +1 other reference |
| Gongqin Zhang (1986) +1 other reference | |
| Hein et al. (1999) |
| Kefa Yang (1982) +1 other reference |
| Pingyi Wan (2002) |
| Pingyi Wan (2002) |
| Pingyi Wan (2002) |
| Pingyi Wan (2002) | |
| Pingyi Wan (2002) | |
| Pingyi Wan (2002) | |
| Fan et al. (1999) |
| Cai et al. (2026) |
| Shengming Lu (1988) |
| Jiuling Zhang (1982) +1 other reference |
| |
| Li et al. (2022) |
| |
| Jiuling Zhang (1982) |
Colombia | |
| Duarte et al. (2012) |
Croatia | |
| Bilinski et al. (1996) |
Czech Republic | |
| Dobešová (2012) |
| Farkas et al. (1988) | |
| Pauliš P. Mineralogické lokality ... | |
| Pažout et al. (2024) | |
| Pažout et al. (2019) | |
| Dolníček et al. (2023) |
| Sejkora et al. (2022) | |
| Trdlička Z.: Kutnohorit z Příbrami. ... |
| Dolníček et al. (2024) | |
| Sejkora et al. (2024) |
| Beran +3 other references |
| Prachař +1 other reference |
| Pauliš et al. (2023) |
Ecuador | |
| an NI 43-101 Technical Report prepared ... +1 other reference |
Finland | |
| Hanski (2002) |
France | |
| Chopin (1978) |
| Chopin (1978) |
| Perseil (1975) |
| Perseil (1975) | |
| Bull. Soc. Franç. Minéralo. ... |
| Bull. Soc. Franç. Minéralo. ... |
| Bull. Soc. Franç. Minéralo. ... |
| Bull. Soc. Franç. Minéralo. ... |
| Lheur (2023) |
| De Ascenção Guedes et al. (2002) |
| Garric François |
Gabon | |
| Econ Geol (1988) +1 other reference |
Germany | |
| Lorenz (1991) +2 other references |
| |
| Weiß (1990) |
| Bender et al. (1994) |
| Schaarschmidt (2003) |
| Grütze (2006) |
| J Gröbner collection |
| Gröbner et al. (2011) |
Ghana | |
| 48 +3 other references |
Greece | |
| Φωτιάδης (2010) |
Hungary | |
| Bujtor et al. (2024) |
| Sándor et al. (2005) |
| Koch (1985) | |
| Polgari +9 other references |
India | |
| Anantha Iyer et al. (1975) |
Indonesia | |
| Davies (2008) |
| Milési et al. (1999) +1 other reference |
Iran | |
| Altenberger et al. (2022) |
Italy | |
| Barresi et al. (2005) |
| Castello (1982) |
| Redazionale (2005) +1 other reference |
| Cortesogno et al. (1979) | |
| Antofilli et al. (1983) | |
| Redazione (2005) |
| Castellaro et al. (2023) |
| probed by Balestra C. |
| I minerali della provincia di Sondrio ... |
| Bedognè et al. (1993) +1 other reference | |
| Bedognè et al. (1993) |
| Ambrino et al. (2010) |
| Martin et al. (1984) +1 other reference |
| Ambrino (Piero) |
| Massimo Deidda et al. (Ce) |
| Ferretti et al. (2018) |
| Bini et al. (1985) +3 other references |
| Dini et al. (2013) +1 other reference |
| Lenzi (1996) +1 other reference |
| Mancini (2000) |
| Gianfranco Capolupi's found. Analized by Gunter Blass (Eschweiler) |
Japan | |
| ... |
| Hariya +2 other references |
| - (n.d.) |
| Tanida et al. (1982) |
| - (n.d.) |
| Ohe Rikosha specimens |
| - (n.d.) |
| Kiyoshi Kiikuni (Keys Minerals) +2 other references |
| - (n.d.) |
Jordan | |
| Pitty et al. (2010) |
| Khoury et al. (1985) |
| Qatar Univ. Sci. J. 21:101-117. |
Kazakhstan | |
| A. Kasatkin data |
| Brusnitsyn et al. (2023) +1 other reference |
Mexico | |
| Panczner (1987) |
| Arthur L. Flagg (1883-1961) |
| Leon Hupperichs collection |
| Minera Autlan |
| Econ Geol (1988) |
| Minera Autlan | |
| Panczner (1987) +1 other reference | |
| Camprubi |
Namibia | |
| Dunn (1991) |
| von Bezing (2007) |
New Zealand | |
| Sameshima et al. (1991) |
Pacific Ocean | |
| Astakhov et al. (2006) |
Papua New Guinea | |
| Harmony Gold |
| Nelson et al. (1988) | |
| Rinne et al. (2018) |
Peru | |
| Bill & Diana Dameron Collection |
| FUKAHORI et al. (1990) |
| Chauvet et al. (2006) |
| norman king specimen |
| Bussell et al. (1990) +2 other references | |
| Benites et al. (2022) |
| Hyršl et al. (2002) +1 other reference |
Poland | |
| Siuda (2001) |
| Ł. Kruszewski PXRD & pXRF data (paper in preparation) |
| Ł. Kruszewski PXRD & pXRF data (paper in preparation) |
Romania | |
| Ciobanu et al. (2004) |
| Marias Francisc |
| Hîrtopanu +1 other reference | |
| Udubasa et al. (1996) |
| minerals-of-the-carpathians.eu (2008) |
| Hîrtopanu (1997) +1 other reference |
Russia | |
| Brusnitsyn (2006) |
| Plotinskaya et al. (2020) |
| Andreeva et al. (2006) |
| Chernykh et al. (2024) |
| Kuleshov et al. (2002) | |
| Kassandrov et al. (2009) |
| Kassandrov et al. (2009) | |
| Zaitsev (1996) +2 other references |
| ... | |
| Kozlov +6 other references |
| Brusnitsyn et al. (2019) |
| Sharkov (2009) |
| Grant et al. (2001) |
| Kazachenko et al. (2013) |
| Bortnikov et al. (2007) |
| Kasatkin et al. (2021) |
| Brusnitsyn A.I. (2000) |
| Brusnitsyn et al. (2017) |
| Spiridonov et al. (2010) |
Saudi Arabia | |
| Matzko et al. (1985) |
Slovakia | |
| |
| Jeleň et al. (2006) | |
| Bálintová T. (2006) +1 other reference |
| Koděra (1986) |
| Šoltés S. et al. (Malé Karpáty Mts.) |
| Šoltés S. et al. (Malé Karpáty Mts.) |
| Šoltés S. et al. (Malé Karpáty Mts.) |
| Šoltés S. et al. (Malé Karpáty Mts.) | |
| Myšľan Pavol; Števko Martin; Mikuš Tomáš (2024) |
| Myšľan et al. (2025) |
| Martin Števko-unpublished |
| Radvanec M. and Gonda S. (2020) +1 other reference |
| Martin Števko & Pavol Myšľan +1 other reference |
| Ozdín et al. (1999) |
South Africa | |
| Coetzee et al. (2024) |
| Econ Geol (1987) | |
| Preston (2009) +1 other reference | |
| Fitton (2022) +1 other reference | |
| Cairncross et al. (1995) |
| Cairncross et al. (1995) | |
| Beukes et al. (1995) | |
South Korea | |
| IMAI et al. (1982) |
Spain | |
| Dill et al. (2023) |
| Dill et al. (2023) |
| Dill et al. (2023) |
| Dill et al. (2023) | |
| Dill et al. (2023) |
Sweden | |
| Holtstam et al. (2022) |
| |
| Gatedal (n.d.) +1 other reference |
| Nysten (2004) |
| Mofjell (1990) |
Switzerland | |
| Natalia Efimenko et al. (2014) |
| Mandarino (2001) |
| Wenk et al. (1978) +2 other references |
| Brugger et al. (1996) |
| Brugger et al. (1997) | |
| Brugger J. (1996) |
| Probed by N. Meisser as associated mineral in the specimen of coralloite (ex coll. F. Vanini) |
| Stalder et al. (1998) +1 other reference |
Taiwan | |
| Yuan Wang +1 other reference |
Turkey | |
| Öztürk (1997) |
| Öztürk (1997) | |
| Basciano et al. (1998) |
| Öztürk (1997) |
| Öztürk et al. (1995) |
| Güngör Yeşilova et al. (2023) |
Ukraine | |
| Alexander I. Tischenko (1996) |
| Sokol et al. (2018) |
| Arbuzov V.A. et al. (1967) |
| Chukanov (2005) | |
USA | |
| Reiter (1981) +2 other references |
| Specimens collected on March 10 |
| Howard (2007) |
| Chesterman (1966b) +2 other references |
| Pemberton (1983) +2 other references |
| Eckel et al. (1997) |
| Foley +4 other references |
| Rocks & Min.:65:114-149 +3 other references |
| Rocks & Min. (2009) |
| Eckel et al. (1997) | |
| Min News 20:9 pp1 |
| Rosemeyer (1988) |
| Schooner (circa 1980s) +1 other reference |
| Dunn (1976) |
| Rocks & Minerals: 61:328. +1 other reference |
| Heinrich et al. (2004) |
| Allen Lundgren collection |
| Allen Lundgren collection | |
| Stevens et al. (2000) |
| Rocks & Min. |
| Castor et al. (2004) |
| Whitman (2023) |
| Castor et al. (2004) |
| Dunn (1995) |
| King |
| Frondel (1972) +2 other references |
| Robert Lavinsky and Peter Hargis ... |
| Rocks & Min.: 60:130-135. +1 other reference |
| Korbel (1999) |
| Bargar et al. (1986) +1 other reference |
| Econ Geol (1988) |
| Tracy et al. (2003) |
| Robinson (2013) |
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Gambatesa Mine, Reppia, Ne, Genoa, Liguria, Italy