Eora Global Supply Chain Database (MRIO)

The Eora2 global supply chain database consists of a multi-region input-output table (MRIO) model that provides a time series of high-resolution IO tables with matching environmental satellite accounts for 190 countries. The Eora MRIO features:

• a balanced global MRIO table documenting purchases and sales amongst 19640 sectors across 190 countries
• a complete timeseries for 1990-2024
• Compared to Eora, Eora2 expands the number of countries using national input-output tables to 123
• Eora2 also offers improved table balancing in recent years and stronger consistency with national accounts
• Raw data drawn from a wide range of national and international data sources

Getting Data

Eora provides a free license for academic use at degree-granting academic institutions (see Licensing page for details). For information on getting a license to access the database please see the licensing page

Eora is available in several formats:

• Individual country IO tables The individual country tables are available for download. These contain the domestic IO or SUT tables for each country, primary input and final demand blocks, imports and exports itemized by partner, and environmental satellite accounts. These IO tables are provided using the national sectoral classification scheme where available or use a custom 25-sector classifcation, derived from the Harmonized System (HS) classification.
• Full Eora This is the complete Eora MRIO table. Contains 5 margins (basic prices, trade margin, transport margin, taxes, and subsidies), mixed classification CIOT/IIOT/SUT tables, and full rectangular trade blocks. Only available to academic users with email registration; other users will need to purchase a license.

Migrating from Eora to Eora2

For current Eora users, the main changes are:

• Improved table balancing in recent years
• Stronger consistency with national accounts
• Expanded the number of countries using national input-output tables
• National sectoral classifications can change over time. This is change allows the model to provide an MRIO which most closely matches official data, but it makes timeseries analysis more difficult as users will need to build or locate concordance tables to build temporal datasets.
• Streamlined environmental and social satellite accounts. Most users focused on GHG satellite accounts or built their own satellite accounts. Additionally it is difficult to keep the satellite accounts up to date. Eora2 focuses on a high quality global MRIO table with a reduced set of satellite accounts. The list is available at the metadata page.
• The licensing has shifted to an annual subscription model. Purchases provide access to all updates occuring while the subscription is active. An active subscription is required to use the data.
• GVC results are not currently available. We expect to add these at a later date.
• Behind the scenes Eora2 uses a revised build pipeline. This will allow more regular updates.

Who uses Eora?

Eora has been used at Deloitte, KPMG, EY, Amazon.com, the European Commission, the IMF, the World Bank, and the UN. The database has been downloaded at over 800 universities. The main papers have received >2600 citations, and studies using Eora have appeared in Nature, Nature Climate Change, and PNAS, and been covered in Science, and Eora-based research has featured in the New York Times, Scientific American, TIME, the Washington Post, BBC, Le Monde, FAZ, and National Geographic.

Some reports using Eora include the following:

Questions?

The documentation page contains a number of resources for learning about Eora and about MRIO analysis in general. We also maintain a list of Frequently Asked Questions. And of course, with further questions feel free to contact us at info@eora.org.