How to learn software engineering: A beginner's guide
Discover what software engineering is, how to choose a learning program that fits your goals, and what kinds of careers may be open to you in the industry.
What is software engineering?
Software engineering is a branch of computer science that applies engineering principles in order to the design, develop, test, and maintain software. The primary goal of software engineering is to produce high-quality, dependable, and effective software while completing the project on time and within a given budget.
While most software engineers hold a bachelor's degree in computer science or information technology (IT), successful software engineers continuously expand their skills to stay current with rapidly evolving technologies and practices.
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How to learn software engineering
Create a learning plan
- Web development (front-end, back-end, or full-stack development)
- Development operations
- Information security
- Machine learning.
Master the prerequisite skills
- Algorithms
- Data structures
- Computing systems
- Infrastructure
Start learning software engineering skills
- Software design and development
- Cloud computing
- Database management
Start by looking into software engineering specializations like:
Figuring out what interests you most will help you decide which programming languages and specialized skills to focus on early in your learning process.
Next, assess your current skill level. How much time you can commit to studying software engineering (full-time or part-time), and what type of learning format works best for you? Options range from self-paced online courses to more structured pathways, like bachelor's degrees, microcredentials, or certificate programs.
Once you've outlined your direction, consider setting SMART goals and build a timeline. This may help you remain focused, track your progress, and hold yourself accountable as you move forward.
Build a strong foundation with core computer science concepts like:
Learning the basics of programming languages such as Python and JavaScript may also help you gain fluency in essential coding languages. Courses like Harvard University's CS50x: Introduction to Computer Science and Massachusetts Institute of Technology''s Introduction to Computer Science and Programming Using Python provide the fundamentals that may be prerequisites for advanced software engineering courses.
Enroll in specialized courses or programs that build on the foundational computer science knowledge. With programs like IBM's MicroBachelors® in Full-Stack Application Development or the Full-Stack Developer Professional Certificate, you can learn about:
Once you've built this technical foundation, apply your skills through personal or open-source projects to gain experience and build your portfolio.
What can you expect from a software engineering program?
Software engineering programs cover a variety of topics related to software design, development, and maintenance. Courses often emphasize programming and coding languages such as Java, Python, C/C++, and JavaScript, though the curriculum may vary depending on program type or provider.
Typical coursework may include:
- The software development life cycle
- Best practices in software design and web development
- Software testing, verification, and validation
- Software project management
- Algorithms
- Computer architecture
- Data structures
- Computer networks
- Operating systems
- Database design
- Artificial intelligence
How long does it take to learn software engineering?
The time it takes to learn software engineering varies depending on the learning path you choose to pursue. If you decide to earn a bachelor's degree in computer science, for example, it can take at least four years of full-time study. However, you can start learning the basics from short courses that only take 4-6 weeks to complete.
How to choose the best software engineering program for you
When choosing a software engineering program, consider factors such as time commitment, desired skills, career advancement prerequisites, and evolving industry demands. Explore edX's online software engineering programs to find the best fit for you:
- Courses: Software engineering courses are usually quicker than options like degrees — around 4-6 weeks is common. They're perfect for learners who are just starting out or want to build a new skill.
- Certificates: edX offers a variety of Professional Certificates in software engineering. These programs are geared towards professionals who want to enhance their résumés or learn new skills while maintaining their established careers.
- Executive education programs: Executive education programs in software engineering are an appealing option for seasoned professionals who want to grow their software engineering skills. Some have a short time commitment of around 10 weeks.
- Degrees: A bachelor's in software engineering program is a good choice for anyone considering a career in the field. These programs typically take four years of full-time study to complete. A master's in software engineering program might be an attractive option if want to earn an advanced degree.
Jobs that use software engineering
Building up your software engineering knowledge and skill set can help open doors to a variety of careers, including:
Your next steps to learn software engineering online with edX
Begin with foundational courses
Enroll in a program that fits your career path
- Aspiring software engineers can consider an online bachelor's degree in software engineering.
- Working professionals looking for a career change may find IBM's Professional Certificate in DevOps and Software Engineering professional certificate to be an ideal starting point.
- Software engineers looking for career advancement without committing to a full master's degree program can consider a MicroMasters® Program on edX.
Stay up-to-date on industry insights through continuous education
If you are new to software engineering, consider starting with foundational courses like IBM's Software Engineering Basics for Everyone. Once you know more about the industry and potential career paths, you can define your goals and advance your knowledge strategically.
Various specialized software engineering courses, professional certificates, and online master's programs on edX cater to different career goals. Look for options that suit your objectives.
Potential paths to explore:
Stay on top of software engineering advancements by pursuing ongoing education. Explore online software engineering programs and courses as your career progresses.
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