Document Engineering

Aligning the software process and the documentation process is a recipe for having both software and documentation in synchrony where changes in software seamlessly ripple along its documentation counterpart. This paper focuses on documentation for Software Product Lines (SPLs). A SPL is not intended to build one application, but a number of them: a product family. In contrast to single-software product development, SPL development is based on the idea that the distinct products of the family share a significant amount of assets. This forces a change in the software process. Likewise, software documentation development should now mimic their code counterpart: product documentation should also be produced out of a common set of assets. Specifically, the paper shows how DITA process and documents are recasted using a feature-oriented approach, a realization mechanism for SPLs. In so doing, documentation artifacts are produced at the same pace and using similar variability mechanisms that those used for code artifacts. This accounts for three main advantages: uniformity, separation of concerns, and timely and accurate delivery of the documentation.

XSLT, SVG, XML trees, Functional programming XML is a tree-oriented meta-language and visual description of XML structures often involves the construction of visual trees. These trees may use a variety of graphics for chosen elements and often condense or elide sections of the tree to aid focus, as well as adding extra explanatory graphical material such as callouts and cross-tree links. We outline an automated approach for building such trees with great flexibility, based on the use of XSLT, SVG and a functional layout package. This paper concentrates on techniques to declare and implement such flexible decoration, rather than the layout of the tree itself.

In this paper we propose a technique of limiarization (also known as thresholding or binarization) tailored to improve the readability of degraded historical documents. Limiarization is a simple image processing technique, which is employed in many complex tasks like image compression, object segmentation and character recognition. The technique also finds applications on itself: since it results in a high-contrast image, in which the foreground is clearly separated from the background, it can greatly improve the readability of a document, provided that other attributes (like character shape) do not suffer. Our technique exploits statistical characteristics of textual documents and applies both global and local thresholding. Under visual inspection on experiments made in a collection of severely degraded historical documents, it compares favorably with the state of the art.

Scholarly reading often involves engaging with various supplementary materials beyond PDFs to support understanding. In practice, scholars frequently incorporate such external materials into their reading workflow through annotation. However, most existing PDF annotation tools support only a limited range of media types for embedding annotations in PDF documents. This paper investigates cross-media annotation as a design space for augmenting academic reading. We present a design exploration of a cross-media annotation tool that allows scholars to easily link PDF content with other documents and materials such as audio, video or web pages. The proposed design has the potential to enrich reading practices and enable scholars to guide and support other researchers' reading experiences.

This paper examines the document aspects of object-based broadcasting. Object-based broadcasting augments traditional video and audio broadcast content with additional (temporally-constrained) media objects. The content of these objects -as well as their temporal validity -are determined by the broadcast source, but the actual rendering and placement of these objects can be customized to the needs/constraints of the content viewer(s). The use of object-based broadcasting enables a more tailored end-user experience than the one-size-fits-all of traditional broadcasts: the viewer may be able to selectively turn off overlay graphics (such as statistics) during a sports game, or selectively render them on a secondary device. Object-based broadcasting also holds the potential for supporting presentation adaptivity for accessibility or for device heterogeneity. From a technology perspective, object-based broadcasting resembles a traditional IP media stream, accompanied by a structured multimedia document that contains timed rendering instructions. Unfortunately, the use of object-based broadcasting is severely limited because of the problems it poses for the traditional television production workflow (and in particular, for use in live television production). The traditional workflow places graphics, effects and replays as immutable components in the main audio/video feed originating from, for example, a production truck outside a sports stadium. This single feed is then delivered near-live to the homes of all viewers. In order to effectively support dynamic object-based broadcasting, the production workflow will need to retain a familiar creative interface to the production staff, but also allow the insertion and delivery of a differentiated set of objects for selective use at the receiving end. In this paper we present a model and implementation of a dynamic system for supporting object-based broadcasting in the context of a motor sport application. We define a new multimedia document format that supports dynamic modifications during playback; this allows editing decisions by the producer to be activated by agents at the receiving end of the content. We describe a prototype system to allow playback of these broadcasts and a production system that allows live object-based control within the production

This paper explores the suitability of structured (and declarative) multimedia document formats for supporting a novel type of performing arts: distributed theatre. In distributed theatre, the actors are split between two (or more) locations, but together deliver a single performance mediated by the cameras, the internet, and projection technologies. Based on our efforts to make an actual distributed theatre production happen (the Tempest by Miracle Theatre), this paper reflects on our experience. Our findings are divided into two main areas: workflow and document structure. We conclude that novel types of video-mediated applications, like distributed theatre, require new manners of authoring documents. Moreover, specific extensions to existing document formats are needed in order to accommodate the new requirements imposed by such kind of applications.

This paper examines the document aspects of object-based broadcasting. Object-based broadcasting augments traditional video and audio broadcast content with additional (temporally-constrained) media objects. The content of these objects -as well as their temporal validity -are determined by the broadcast source, but the actual rendering and placement of these objects can be customized to the needs/constraints of the content viewer(s). The use of object-based broadcasting enables a more tailored end-user experience than the one-size-fits-all of traditional broadcasts: the viewer may be able to selectively turn off overlay graphics (such as statistics) during a sports game, or selectively render them on a secondary device. Object-based broadcasting also holds the potential for supporting presentation adaptivity for accessibility or for device heterogeneity. From a technology perspective, object-based broadcasting resembles a traditional IP media stream, accompanied by a structured multimedia document that contains timed rendering instructions. Unfortunately, the use of object-based broadcasting is severely limited because of the problems it poses for the traditional television production workflow (and in particular, for use in live television production). The traditional workflow places graphics, effects and replays as immutable components in the main audio/video feed originating from, for example, a production truck outside a sports stadium. This single feed is then delivered near-live to the homes of all viewers. In order to effectively support dynamic object-based broadcasting, the production workflow will need to retain a familiar creative interface to the production staff, but also allow the insertion and delivery of a differentiated set of objects for selective use at the receiving end. In this paper we present a model and implementation of a dynamic system for supporting object-based broadcasting in the context of a motor sport application. We define a new multimedia document format that supports dynamic modifications during playback; this allows editing decisions by the producer to be activated by agents at the receiving end of the content. We describe a prototype system to allow playback of these broadcasts and a production system that allows live object-based control within the production

This paper explores the suitability of structured (and declarative) multimedia document formats for supporting a novel type of performing arts: distributed theatre. In distributed theatre, the actors are split between two (or more) locations, but together deliver a single performance mediated by the cameras, the internet, and projection technologies. Based on our efforts to make an actual distributed theatre production happen (the Tempest by Miracle Theatre), this paper reflects on our experience. Our findings are divided into two main areas: workflow and document structure. We conclude that novel types of video-mediated applications, like distributed theatre, require new manners of authoring documents. Moreover, specific extensions to existing document formats are needed in order to accommodate the new requirements imposed by such kind of applications.

In spite of the high profile of media types such as video, audio and images, many multimedia presentations rely extensively on text content. Text can be used for incidental labels, or as subtitles or captions that accompany other media objects. In a multimedia document, text content is not only constrained by the need to support presentation styles and layout, it is also constrained by the temporal context of the presentation. This involves intra-text and extra-text timing synchronization with other media objects. This paper describes a new timed-text representation language that is intended to be embedded in a non-text host language. Our format, which we call aText (for the Ambulant Text Format), balances the need for text styling with the requirement for an efficient representation that can be easily parsed and scheduled at runtime. aText, which can also be streamed, is defined as an embeddable text format for use within declarative XML languages. The paper presents a discussion of the requirements for the format, a description of the format and a comparison with other existing and emerging text formats. We also provide examples for aText when embedded within the SMIL and MLIF languages and discuss our implementation experiences of aText with the Ambulant Player.

Inclusion of content with temporal behavior in a structured documents leads to such a document gaining temporal semantics. If we then allow changes to the document during its presentation, this brings with it a number of fundamental issues that are related to those temporal semantics. In this paper we study modifications of active multimedia documents and the implications of those modifications for temporal consistency. Such modifications are becoming increasingly important as multimedia documents move from being primarily a standalone presentation format to being a building block in a larger application. We present a categorization of modification operations, where each category has distinct consistency and implementation implications for the temporal semantics. We validate the model by applying it to the SMIL language, categorizing all possible editing operations. Finally, we apply the model to the design of a teleconferencing application, where multimedia composition is only a small component of the whole application, and needs to be reactive to the rest of the system. The primary contribution of this paper is the development of a temporal editing model and a general analysis which we feel can help application designers to structure their applications such that the temporal impact of document modification can be minimized.

Monochromatic documents claim for much less computer bandwidth for network transmission and storage space than their color or even grayscale equivalent. The binarization of historical documents is far more complex than recent ones as paper aging, color, texture, translucidity, stains, back-to-front interference, kind and color of ink used in handwriting, printing process, digitalization process, etc. are some of the factors that affect binarization. This article presents a new binarization algorithm for historical documents. The new global filter proposed is performed in four steps: filtering the image using a bilateral filter, splitting image into the RGB components, decision-making for each RGB channel based on an adaptive binarization method inspired by Otsu’s method with a choice of the threshold level, and classification of the binarized images to decide which of the RGB components best preserved the document information in the foreground. The quantitative and qualitative asses...

When a group of authors collaboratively edits interrelated documents, consistency problems occur almost immediately. Current document management systems (DMSs) provide useful mechanisms such as document locking and version control, but often lack consistency management facilities. At best, consistency is "defined" via informal guidelines, which do not support automatic consistency checks. In this thesis, we complement traditional DMSs by consistency management. We propose to use formal consistency rules that capture semantic consistency requirements. Rules are formalized in a variant of temporal logic. A static type system supports rule formalization, where types also define (formal) document models. In implementing a tolerant view of consistency, we do not expect that the documents satisfy consistency rules. Instead, our novel semantics precisely pinpoints inconsistent document parts and indicates when, where, and why documents are inconsistent. Speed is a key issue in co...

When a group of authors collaboratively edits interre- lated documents, consistency problems occur almost im- mediately. Current document management systems (DMS) often lack adequate facilities for consistency management. We extend traditional DMS by explicit formal consistency rules. In contrast to many other approaches, we permit inconsistencies and present the consequences to the user, which is vital for flexible document management and in- formation management. Based on a novel semantics our tools pinpoint inconsistent document parts and tell pre- cisely when, where, and why a repository is inconsistent. In this paper we focus on a key issue: efficient tech- niques for consistency rule evaluation. Our strategy is known from databases: (1) static analysis characterizes and simplifies consistency rules and (2) at run-time rules are evaluated incrementally. The major differences to databases are that we consider informal documents and explicitly allow inconsistencies. Consequently,...

Office applications such as OpenOffice and Microsoft Office are widely used to edit the majority of today's business documents: office documents. Usually, version control systems consider office documents as binary objects, thus severely hindering collaborative work. Since XML has become a de-facto standard for office applications, we focus on versioning office documents by structured XML version control approaches. This enables state-of-the-art version control for office documents. A basic prerequisite to XML version control is a diff algorithm, which detects structural changes between XML documents. In this paper, we evaluate state-of-the-art XML diff algorithms w.r.t. their suitability to OpenOffice XML documents and the future OASIS office document standard. It turns out that, due to the specific XML office format, a careful examination of the diff algorithm characteristics is necessary. Therefore, we identify important features for XML diff approaches to handle office documents. We have implemented a first OpenOffice versioning API that can be used in version control systems as a replacement for linebased or binary diffs, which are currently used.

Whenever a group of authors collaboratively edits interrelated documents, semantic consistency is a major goal. Current document management systems (DMS) lack adequate consistency management facilities. We propose liberal use of formal consistency rules, which permits inconsistencies. In this paper we focus on deriving repairs for inconsistencies. Our major contributions are: (1) deriving (common) repairs for multiple rules, (2) resolving conflicts between repairs, (3) prioritizing repairs, and (4) support for partial inconsistency resolution, which resolves the most troubling inconsistencies and leaves less important inconsistencies for a later handling. The novel aspect of our approach is that we derive repairs from DAGs (directed acyclic graphs) and not from documents directly. That way the repository is locked during DAG generation only, which is performed incrementally.

Document binary images, created by different algorithms, are commonly evaluated based on a pre-existing ground truth. Previous research found several pitfalls in this methodology and suggested various approaches addressing the issue. This article proposes an alternative binarization quality evaluation solution for binarized glyphs, circumventing the ground truth. Our method relies on intrinsic properties of binarized glyphs. The features used for quality assessment are stroke width consistency, presence of small connected components (stains), edge noise, and the average edge curvature. Linear and tree-based combinations of these features are also considered. The new methodology is tested and shown to be nearly as sound as human experts' judgments.

Discussions concerning companies' environmental aspects gained considerable impor-tance and challenged business in recent years. Comprehensible and authentic as well as customised corporate environmental reporting requires substantial quantities of relevant information. ...

A gestão de documentos eletrônicos demanda novas formas de gerenciamento para garantir agilidade e atender requisitos jurídicos e arquivísticos. O artigo desenvolve estudo de caso realizado em uma empresa de jornalismo, que em seu processo de trabalho apresenta necessidade de automatização do contínuo fluxo de interação autor-editor. Os resultados revelam as necessidades informacionais para a gestão de documentos eletrônicos no ambiente de análise, em relação à teoria de arquivos. Além, disso apresenta uma solução baseada na adoção de um arcabouço web (framework) colaborativo que atende às necessidades de operação e gerência do processo. A solução identificada foi utilizar o Plone

Resumen. Este artículo presenta un estudio realizado para la detección de defectos en registros de metadatos de objetos de aprendizaje. El estudio se realizó en dos asignaturas relacionadas con el aprendizaje online y los objetos de aprendizaje, cada una en una universidad española diferente, donde alumnos de postgrado tuvieron que rellenar registros de metadatos IEEE LOM como parte de los cometidos de la asignatura.

We examine basic issues of glossary tools as part of a suite of annotational tools to help users make meaning from documents from unfamiliar realms of discourse. We specifically evaluated the performance of glossary tools for reading medical information about common diseases by users with no formal medical education. We developed both automatic and an editable glossary tools. Both of them extracted definitions from the text of articles. Only the editable glossary tool allowed users to add, delete, and change entries. Both tools were evaluated to find out how useful they were to users reading technical articles online. The analytical results showed that user performance improved without increasing total reading time. The glossary tools were effective and pleasing to users at no decrease in efficiency. This experiment points the way for longer-term studies with adaptable tools, particularly to help users unfamiliar with technical documents. We also discuss the rôle of glossaries as part of a suite of annotational tools to help users make personal (and therefore meaningful) hypertextual document collections.

We study the analysis problem of XPath expressions with counting constraints. Such expressions are commonly used in document transformations or programs in which they select portions of documents subject to transformations. We explore how recent results on the static analysis of navigational aspects of XPath can be extended to counting constraints. The static analysis of this combined XPath fragment allows to detect bugs in transformations and to perform many kinds of optimizations of document transformations. More precisely, we study how a logic for finite trees capable of expressing upward and downward recursive navigation, can be equipped with a counting operator along regular path expressions.

A obra investiga os impactos da 4ª Revolução Industrial sobre o Direito Processual brasileiro, em especial no que tange à adoção da citação eletrônica por aplicativos privados. Partindo de uma análise histórico-evolutiva das revoluções industriais e da formação da chamada sociedade hiperconectada, o livro examina as mudanças estruturais que desaam o ordenamento jurídico e exigem a releitura de princípios fundamentais, como o devido processo legal e o contraditório, à luz de um possível constitucionalismo digital. Com base em pesquisa bibliográca e empírica, o estudo analisa decisões judiciais e casos concretos que revelam as fragilidades, riscos e potencialidades da comunicação processual via meios eletrônicos. Questões como a proteção de dados sensíveis, a segurança jurídica, a validade dos atos processuais e a tensão entre inovação tecnológica e formalismo processual são discutidas em profundidade.

Abstract—Scientific inquiry is at the core of the curricula of schools and universities across Europe. weSPOT is a new European initiative proposing a cloud-based approach for personal and social inquiry. weSPOT aims at enabling students to create their mashups out of cloud-based tools in order to perform scientific investigations. Students will also be able to share their inquiry accomplishments in social networks and receive feedback from the learning environment and their peers. Keywords-social learning, scientific inquiry, personal learning environment, cloud learning environment I.

Decido esta tese a todos os pesquisadores e pesquisadoras da área de direito que se esforçam para, de alguma forma, realizar um trabalho mais rigoroso e fundamentado em padrões científicos internacionais, em vez de se limitarem a fazer o tradicional, preenchendo arquivos de biblioteca com papéis manchados de tinta e bits para receber um diploma. Agradeço sinceramente às seguintes pessoas: Minha querida mãe, Sibéria, por tudo. Minha namorada, Juliana, pelo apoio em momentos difíceis. Meu orientador, Torquato, que sempre acreditou em mim mais do que eu mesmo acredito. Meu coorientador, Fred, pelo inestimável suporte diante do complicado mundo da Ciência da Computação. Meu colaborador, Cleyton, pela vital ajuda em meus percalços. Ao brilhante professor Ivan Varzinczak, pelo suporte e colaboração. "The life of the law has not been logic: it has been experience. The felt necessities of the time, the prevalent moral and political theories, intuitions of public policy, avowed or unconscious, even the prejudices which judges share with their fellow-men, have had a good deal more to do than the syllogism in determining the rules by which men should be governed. The law embodies the story of a nation's development through many centuries, and it cannot be dealt with as if it contained only the axioms and corollaries of a book of mathematics." Oliver Wendell Holmes Jr. -The Common Law (1881) Esta tese aborda três perguntas centrais, a partir das quais outras questões são desenvolvidas: (1) por quê, (2) como, e (3) em que medida automatizar a solução judicial de conflitos, no Brasil? Baseando-se em pesquisas empíricas, defende-se que: (a) a automação de parte do exercício da jurisdição, além de ser tecnicamente possível, é uma resposta adequada a diversos problemas do judiciário brasileiro, como o congestionamento de processos; (b) o emprego de sistemas baseados em Inteligência Artificial Simbólica atende às exigências jurídicas e práticas dessa automação (como garantias processuais), mas o processo de aquisição de conhecimento requer o uso complementar de Ciência de Dados para identificar o conhecimento jurídico estável; (c) a automação será facilitada e terá mais impacto se restrita à solução de demandas repetitivas, simples e de menor valor. Para avançar naquelas questões, busca-se formalizar axiomaticamente uma parte do Direito do Consumidor através da linguagem de representação description logic 𝒮ℛ𝒪ℐ𝒬 e também pela sua contraparte Ontology Web Language (OWL), a recomendação principal da Web Semântica para representações complexas. Dessa forma, é possível investigar em detalhes quais são as dificuldades de representação lógica do direito e como superá-las, ao mesmo tempo em que se pesquisa sobre a adequação do emprego de certos padrões da Web Semântica no domínio jurídico. Este trabalho se insere no campo conhecido como Direito Computacional (Computational Law), uma área interdisciplinar entre o Direito e a Ciência da Computação, que trata da representação computacional das normas e dos raciocínios jurídicos, a fim de permitir a automação de tarefas especializadas, como por exemplo a avaliação jurídica de um caso concreto. Se a representação for capaz de simular apropriadamente os casos mais comuns de Direito do Consumidor, tal como delineado na resposta (c), então se tem uma prova de conceito para a resposta (b), isto é, da possibilidade da automação da solução judicial desses casos via Inteligência Artificial Simbólica. Palavras-chaves: Direito Computational. Direito e Lógica. Lógica descritiva. Ontologias jurídicas. Informática Jurídica.

O presente livro, Sob vigilância: fontes históricas policiais do Espírito Santo (século XIX), resulta de um projeto de inventário e reprodução digital de documentos que se inscreve no campo da burocracia policial oitocentista capixaba. O inventário analítico reúne os Livros da Porta e os Livros de Rol de Culpados, pertencentes ao Fundo de Polícia do Arquivo Público do Estado do Espírito Santo. São fontes até então pouco conhecidas e praticamente inexploradas pela historiografia. Organizados e inventariados nesta obra, tais registros oferecem acesso inédito a informações sobre o cotidiano, os conflitos e as formas de sociabilidade que caracterizaram a sociedade capixaba no século XIX.

Despite the wide-ranging recognition that paper remains a pervasive resource for human conduct and collaboration, there has been uncertain progress in developing technologies to bridge the paper-digital divide. In this essay we discuss the design of a technology that interweaves developments in new materials, electronics and software, and seeks to provide a cheap and accessible solution to creating new affinities between digital content, in whatever form, and ordinary paper. The technology and its design draws from a broad range of field studies, including research in classrooms and museums. These delineate the requirements and considerations that inform solutions to enhancing paper whilst preserving its integrity. The paper also discusses a naturalistic experiment, an evaluation in a museum, where we assessed the technology and the solution. We also chart the progressive development of this solution and the ways in which seemingly simple actions and issues became reconstituted as highly complex technical and analytic problems.

In 2025, financial compliance remains an expensive, slow-moving process that often fails to prevent fraud and systemic risks. This article explores how blockchain technology, coupled with algorithmic real-time regulatory enforcement (RegTech), could fundamentally change the compliance model -reducing costs, increasing transparency, and enabling dynamic oversight without stifling innovation. It examines potential legal, technical, and economic challenges, while highlighting the urgent need for interdisciplinary collaboration between lawmakers, technologists, and financial institutions.

We describe one tool for Table of Content (ToC) identification and recognition from PDF books. This task is part of ongoing research on the development of tools for the semiautomatic conversion of PDF documents in the Epub format that can be read on several E-book devices. Among various sub-tasks, the ToC extraction and recognition is particularly useful for an easy navigation of book contents. The proposed tool first identifies the ToC pages. The bounding boxes of ToC titles in the book body are subsequently found in order to add suitable links in the Epub ToC. The proposed approach is tolerant to discrepancies between the ToC text and the corresponding titles. We evaluated the tool on several open access books edited by University Presses that are partner of the OAPEN EcontentPlus project.

This demo presents the TextCoop platform and the Dislog language, based on logic programming, which have primarily been designed for discourse processing. The linguistic architecture and the basics of discourse analysis in TextCoop are introduced. Application demos include: argument mining in opinon texts, dialog analysis, and procedural and requirement texts analysis. Via prototypes in the industry, this framework has now reached the TRL5 level.

While people often carry mobile phones for communication purposes, they are generally underutilized as productivity tools, especially in the workplace. In this paper we present Courier, a system that leverages the storage capacity and communication capabilities of the mobile phone to facilitate the viewing and exchange of PC-based documents when users are away from their desks. We describe a formative evaluation of Courier"s use in a collaborative meeting setting and report on the results. While participants were enthusiastic about Courier overall, our study also highlighted usability issues that will require further refinement, such as users" concerns with privacy, reliability and speed.

This paper investigates the advancements in subtitle generation and automatic speech recognition (ASR) technologies, emphasizing their role in enhancing accessibility and user engagement in multimedia content. By leveraging deep learning techniques, such as recurrent neural networks (RNNs) and transformer models, ASR systems can accurately convert spoken language into text, enabling real-time video subtitle generation. This capability benefits individuals with hearing impairments and aids non-native speakers, broadening the audience reach. Furthermore, the paper addresses the challenges ASR systems face in diverse linguistic environments, background noise, and varying accents, proposing solutions to improve their robustness. The applications of these technologies extend across various domains, including online education, entertainment, and live events, ultimately transforming user experiences and fostering inclusivity in digital communication.

This paper proposes an extension of the XSL-FO standard which allows the specification of an unlimited number of arbitrarily shaped page regions. These extensions are built on top of XSL-FO 1.1 to enable flow content to be laid out into arbitrary shapes and allowing for page layouts currently available only to desktop publishing software. Such a proposal is expected to leverage XSL-FO towards usage as an enabling technology in the generation of content intended for personalized printing.

Giving me all the necessary support, not only as an advisor, but as a friend. Thank you for all the availability, assisting, advising and correcting. Thank to all the other professors who contributed to my development as a student, as a professional and as a person. Especially, to my committe members John Boyland and Ichiro Suzuki. Thanks to Cheng Thao for all the support and previous work shared. Thanks to my family for giving all necessary support: my parents, Alexandre Azevedo and Ana Paula Azevedo, my brothers Henrique Azevedo, Arthur Azevedo and my sister Luana Azevedo. I would like to thank my fiance and future wife Leticia for giving me extra support and encouragement. I would also like to thank my friend and coworker Ahmed Shatnawi who was always there to support, discuss and collaborate. vi

Ubiquitous computing applications rely heavily on context information to work properly. Capture and access applications, a special type of ubiquitous computing applications, process context information during the live capture of experiences and, afterwards, use this information to retrieve, present and extend the captured content. The Contextractor is an XSLT-based transformation system that gathers context information from extended UML models. The XSLT transformations produce XML Schemas that model the context information produced by the capture and access application and define a contextual query language that allows the submission of contextual queries over the captured content. We also provide an automated system that allows the presentation of query results on the Web in different formats such as HTML, SMIL and HTML+SMIL.

Documents that are intended to be 'active', with high variability and context responsivity, are increasingly attractive building blocks for applications, inevitably defined in XML syntaxes. But many such documents within an application will have features in common, such as branding, models of variablity and user interaction, which need to be defined in single locations. We outline an approach using cascaded networks of 'templates', each of which is a first class document and containing fragments of functional programs in separate spaces, that can support sharing all necessary information, including dynamic behaviour.

In some hypermedia system applications, like interactive digital TV applications, authoring and presentation of documents may have to be done concomitantly. This is the case of live programs, where not only some contents are not known a priori, but also some temporal and spatial relationships, among program media objects, may have to be established after the unknown content definition. This paper proposes a method for hypermedia document live editing, preserving not only the presentation semantics but also the logical structure semantics defined by an author. To validate this proposal, an implementation has been done for the Brazilian Digital TV System, which is also presented.

Document Object Modeling (DOM) is widely used approach for retrieving data from an XML document. If the size of the XML document is very large, however, using the DOM approach for retrieving data from the XML document may suffer from a lack of memory space for building the associated XML tree in the main memory. To alleviate this problem, we propose a method that allows the very large XML document to be split into small XML documents, retrieves data from the XML tree built from each of these small XML documents, and combines the results from all of the n XML trees to generate the final result. With this proposed approach, the memory space and processing time required to retrieve data from the very large XML document using DOM are reduced so that they can be managed by one single generalpurpose personal computer.

DelosDLMS is a prototype of a next-generation Digital Library (DL) management system. It is realized by combining various specialized DL functionalities provided by partners of the DELOS network of excellence. Currently, DelosDLMS combines text and audiovisual searching, offers new information visualization and relevance feedback tools, provides novel interfaces, allows retrieved information to be annotated and processed, integrates and processes sensor data streams, and finally, from a systems engineering point of view, is easily configured and adapted while being reliable and scalable. The prototype is based on the OSIRIS/ISIS platform, a middleware environment developed by ETH Zürich and now being extended at the University of Basel.

TEX is an ASCII text-based markup language. In a scheme of automated scientific document preparation LTEX provides the foundation, which is also a markup language created from TEX. In this work a user-friendly editor was developed integrating the Tamil text-based ASCII characters with the Tamil LTEX characters via character mapping process. These conversions of Tamil text-based fonts have been interfaced with the LTEX engine to produce LTEX out put such as DVI, PDF and PS.

There are many perspectives on communication and journalism today, and this is a consequence of both technological and cultural changes. In this increasingly dynamic situation in the field of communication and media, what can still be said that communication continues to remain multimedia. The development of platforms and journalistic practices has created and intersected new fields. Multimedia journalism is also typical of this intersection of disciplines, the intersection of two disciplines in the fields of communication: journalism and multimedia. This paper, based on the systematic review of the literature, tries to reexamine the definition of the term "multimedia journalism" going back to its beginnings, to reach our days. At the end of the paper, it is concluded that the term "multimedia journalism" originates from and is closely related to the traditional definition of multimedia.