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Celtic Philology

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lightbulbAbout this topic
Celtic Philology is the study of the languages, literature, and historical texts of the Celtic peoples, focusing on the linguistic, cultural, and literary aspects of Celtic languages such as Irish, Welsh, and Breton. It encompasses the analysis of phonetics, grammar, and the evolution of these languages over time.
lightbulbAbout this topic
Celtic Philology is the study of the languages, literature, and historical texts of the Celtic peoples, focusing on the linguistic, cultural, and literary aspects of Celtic languages such as Irish, Welsh, and Breton. It encompasses the analysis of phonetics, grammar, and the evolution of these languages over time.

Key research themes

1. How do archaeological artifacts and early medieval manuscripts reconstruct the mythological and religious beliefs of the Celtic Atlantic Iron Age?

This theme investigates the reconstruction of Celtic mythology and religious symbolism through interdisciplinary analysis of material culture—particularly decorated cauldrons and coins from Armorica—and their alignment with early medieval Irish textual epics. It interrogates how these archaeological artifacts serve as visual 'narrative portrayals' that predate written sources, allowing scholars to trace mythic cycles, cult practices, and beliefs about cosmology, the afterlife, and solar-lunar deities in pre-Roman Gaul and Britain. This is crucial for understanding how oral mythic traditions persisted, evolved, and were iconographically encoded before Christian-era manuscript transmission.

Key finding: Olmsted (2024) demonstrates through a comprehensive iconographic and textual analysis that mythological episodes depicted on rare Gaulish artifacts such as the Gundestrup and Chiemsee cauldrons correspond closely to early... Read more
Key finding: Olmsted (2024) elucidates the iconographic significance of the twin dragons and palmette motifs prevalent on La Tène artifacts and Armorican coins and cauldrons, linking them to cults of young lunar and solar gods... Read more
Key finding: Olmsted (2023) provides metallurgical, stylistic, and iconographic evidence that both the silver Gundestrup and the gold Chiemsee cauldrons originate from first-century BC Armorica and belong to the same cultural milieu. He... Read more
Key finding: Olmsted (2023) reconstructs plot outlines and short versions of mythic cycles depicted on Armorican Iron Age artifacts and preserved in early medieval Irish poetry, arguing that these myths—including the Táin Bó Cuailgne and... Read more

2. What linguistic and archaeological evidence informs the study of Insular Celtic language substrata and migration patterns in the Iron Age?

This theme centers on the linguistic evidence of possible substratal influences on Insular Celtic languages, especially from Afro-Asiatic (Hamito-Semitic) sources, and the bioarchaeological and migratory dynamics of Celtic populations during the Iron Age. It explores syntactic parallels suggesting substratum influences, evaluates genetic and cultural data underpinning Celtic migration into regions such as Italy and the Carpathian Basin, and also considers the demographic and social contexts that shaped Celtic linguistic diversity and population movements. Understanding these factors is key for clarifying the complex interplay of language contact, substratal effects, and mobility in Celtic philology.

Key finding: This article revisits hypotheses positing a Hamito-Semitic (Afro-Asiatic) substratum in Insular Celtic based on striking structural and syntactic parallels (e.g., VSO order, construct genitives, conjugated prepositions) not... Read more
Key finding: Through analysis of 10 non-metric dental traits across Celtic and local populations in Hungary and Italy, this research finds strong biological affinities between Celtic groups from the Carpathian Basin and northern Italy,... Read more
Key finding: This work critically examines the historiographical usage of the term 'Celts' from antiquity to modern scholarship, illustrating how archaeological evidence and classical textual sources diverge yet converge in shaping Celtic... Read more

3. How have Celtic philologists and scholars approached the documentation and interpretation of Celtic languages, including the impact on modern vernaculars and ancient language reconstructions?

This theme reviews scholarly efforts in the study and documentation of Celtic languages through textual criticism, lexicography, epigraphy, and linguistic fieldwork. It evaluates linguistic reconstructions of extinct dialects such as Pictish, investigates traditional and modern phonological descriptions, and assesses the impact of Celtic language contact on modern vernaculars, including Icelandic. This research area is vital for understanding linguistic continuity, change, and scholarly methodology in Celtic philology.

Key finding: Rhys (2020) presents a critical synthesis of evidence on the Pictish language, arguing from onomastic and epigraphic data that Pictish is best characterized as a form of Brittonic Celtic closely related to archaic Welsh,... Read more
Key finding: This article analyzes the obscure Gaulish verb au̯u̯ot / αυουωτ and its regional variations to propose a previously unrecognized o-grade preterit conjugation parallel to the full-grade/zero-grade ablaut patterns of... Read more
Key finding: This critical literary review evaluates Friðriksson’s (2022) popular Icelandic book claiming extensive Celtic influence on the Icelandic language and culture during settlement. While highlighting the book’s role in... Read more
Key finding: This bilingual presentation assesses John Rhŷs's pioneering late 19th-century fieldwork on Manx as a linguist, emphasizing his immersive sociolinguistic methods, phonological analyses, and documentation of dialectal... Read more

All papers in Celtic Philology

У статті розглянуто методичні можливості використання турецьких телесеріалів як допоміжного матеріалу у викладанні турецької літератури. На прикладі екранізацій творів Х. З. Ушаклиґіля та Р. Н. Ґюнтекіна проаналізовано трансформацію... more
An overview of the Pictish language
This article focuses on the cognitive-linguistic analysis of sound as represented in literary fiction, with particular emphasis on the human dimension of auditory perception. Rather than treating sound as a mere background element or a... more
Etude sur un nouveau bronze au sanglier des Volques Arecomique
The development of progressive tenses in the verbal system was a revolutionary development in the Indo-European languages of coastal Atlantic Europe. In forming such progressive tenses, both the Irish Gaelic and the Ibero-Romance... more
The phenomenon of reading stands as a focal point in literary, cultural, and philosophical studies, prompting ongoing research into how readers perceive texts and the profound impact this process has on our conscious and subconscious... more
Пропонована наукова розвідка представляє результати дослідження англомовного онлайн-дискурсу новин в площині його наративних особливостей, зокрема лексико-семантичного аспекту вербалізації наративу «Coronavirus Pandemic» на шпальтах... more
The Coligny calendar has two intercalary months, whose notations up till now have been partly understood and identified. These notations are not part of the patterns laid out over the rest of the calendar, but instead the intercalary... more
This article examines the International Student Competition "Translation as a Key to Cultural and Linguistic Worldviews" as a form of intercultural communication realized through translation practice and translator training. The... more
Abstract This study analyses the Atlantic lexical field structured around perforation, hollowness, and structural cavity, focusing on the pan-Celtic formation *tullos and its documented reflexes. Rather than advancing direct etymological... more
K e y w o r d s : impairment, inclusiveness, term, terminological concepts, terms for disability, person with disability, the Turkish language.
Статтю присвячено проблемі концептуальної метафори в політичному дискурсі. Обрана проблема є актуальною, адже ще й досі бракує окремого дослідження, спрямованого на з'ясування ролі будівельної метафори в інавгураційних промовах. Мета... more
Стаття присвячена дослідженню особливостей передачі лінгвокультурних та мовознавчих характеристик художньої промови повісті Джорджа Орвелла “Animal Farm” в українській рецепції. Мета статті – дослідити особливості використання... more
Abstract This study examines the semantic field surrounding Goidelic muirn / mùirn / moyrn and its potential correspondences within Galician lexical material, particularly the cluster centred on murnar. Drawing on historical lexicography... more
Cette étude examine le monnayage d'argent d'Hipponion (l'actuelle Vibo Valentia) frappé entre le VIe et le IVe siècle avant J.-C., en analysant l'iconographie équestre comme forme précoce de branding territorial. L'imagerie du cheval sur... more
This paper examines the Galician mountain toponym Pindo and a related set of orographic placenames (Bens, Cospindo, Pino) within a broader Atlantic lexical and morphological framework rooted in the Goidelic term beann (“peak, prominence”)... more
[Note on the text:] This PDF contains a selected excerpt from “The Well and the Tree: World and Time in Early Germanic Culture” by Paul C. Bauschatz, organized for academic sharing due to the limited availability of the original... more
This article analyses a structured group of Galician lexical forms belonging to the phonological and semantic domain of Goidelic cnoc ‘rounded prominence, hill, lump’. It traces a sequence of internal developments in Galician: the... more
У статті за допомогою методів концептуального аналізу й аналізу дефініцій досліджено шляхи й способи вербалізації концепту «океан», його мовно-стилістичні особливості та значеннєві відтінки в поетичних текстах українського... more
У монографії представлено результати дослідження проповіді у релігійному православному дискурсі ХХ ст. у лінгвопрагматичному аспекті. У дослідженні розглянуто стратегічні параметри православної проповіді ХХ ст. на матеріалі близько- і... more
Part III of The March of the Sun (Sonno Cingos): containing the Glossary of Terms, the Bibliography, and the Second Half of the Month Photo Reconstructions.
This document contains the fully revised and updated grammar of Galatac, the modern Gaulish grammar. Recent research has been included in the ongoing development of Galatac as a revived modern Celtic language, and significant changes have... more
This paper investigates the extent and modalities of Latin and Greek teaching in early medieval British monastic communities by examining the indirect evidence offered by the manuscript known as the Liber Commonei, part of the composite... more
Premier volume d' une recherche sur le début de la guerre des gaules. Suivant le regard du prédateur sur la proie, que est redoutablement une source détaillée aussi que rare. L' invasion romaine de la Gaule a eu des conséquences... more
This article aims to describe the intricate history of the verb to be, focusing on its abundant inflection irregularities, from Old to Modern English. As any other research on historical linguistics, this article’s main goal is not only... more
У статті здійснено цілісний аналіз перітексту роману Р. Іваничука "Черлене вино". З'ясовано, що заголовок-символ (кривава боротьба за християнську віру) є наскрізним; епіграф виконує кілька функцій; внутрішні заголовки розділів... more
definitions of the nominative units related to the sphere of art, on the example of the names of art movements and streams recorded in the Dictionary of the Ukrainian Language in 11 volumes (1970 1980). The investigation uses the... more
The renewed inquiry into the meaning of select Venetic inscriptions and the proposed reinterpretation of the adjective ekupetaris provide a valuable opportunity to examine the function of lexemes designating sacred space across Greek,... more
This study revisits the long-standing enigma of the Etruscan language through a comparative perspective that integrates the broader Paleo-Balkan linguistic landscape. While significant advances have been achieved in the documentation and... more
John T. Koch 2025 ‘Cross-disciplinary considerations: “hedge”, “hull”, “fool” and the triumph of linguistic palaeontology’, Presenting counterpoints to the dominant terrestrial narrative of European prehistory, Maritime Encounters 1, ed.... more
У статті здійснено комплексний аналіз тематичних особливостей компліментів у німецькомовних драматичних творах XVIII-XX століття у межах історичної прагмалінгвістики та діахронної лінгвокультурології. Комплімент також проаналізовано з... more
Title: The Tale of Iseus and Iseut: A Mythic Facsimile of Pilgrimage and Resurrection Abstract: This mythic facsimile weaves a speculative narrative of Iseus and Iseut, siblings from Mumhain (Ireland), who embark on a pilgrimage to the... more
The thesis focuses on the Ukrainian translation of BBC English-language Internet news headlines from a linguistic rhetoric perspective. The paper explains the Ukrainian rendering of English-language news discourse headlines through... more
CAfjLa^6v€<i avTidpeipai) , there is gain in that the impression of the Amazons as a mighty band of warriors is strengthened, also that the event has its place in the conventional chronology of Greek legend, antedating the Trojan War. It... more
Critically: • Resolutions: • (1) The Convention, considering the incontestable superiority of articulation over signs in restoring the deaf-mute to society and giving him a fuller knowledge of language, declares that the oral method... more
The presented paper dives into psychological and linguistic manipulation as a way of influencing people in the context of William Shakespeare’s tragedy “Macbeth”. The aim of this research is to analyse the text of the tragedy through the... more
The presented paper dives into psychological and linguistic manipulation as a way of influencing people in the context of William Shakespeare’s tragedy “Macbeth”. The aim of this research is to analyse the text of the tragedy through the... more
Sommario: Questo articolo sostiene che, come è normale quando una scrittura viene trasferita da parlanti di una lingua a un'altra senza l'intervento di un adattatore principale prima del suo utilizzo, i Celti Cisalpini impiegarono... more
In questo articolo viene esaminata la sequenza ortografica ⟨uv⟩ attestata nelle forme nom. sg. uvamoKozis e dat. pl. uvlTiauioPos nell'iscrizione celtica cisalpina sulla pietra di Prestino (LexLep CO․48), ancora controversa dopo decenni... more
This paper examines the use of the characters t h eta ⟨θ⟩ and k h i ⟨χ⟩ in Transalpine Celtic inscriptions engraved in Greek characters. Since /t h / and /k h /, respectively, were not needed for Celtic, it is conventionally presumed that... more
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