A voiced velar affricate is a type of consonantal sound, used in very few spoken languages. The symbols in the International Phonetic Alphabet that represent this sound are ⟨ɡ͡ɣ⟩ and ⟨ɡ͜ɣ⟩. The tie bar may be omitted, yielding ⟨ɡɣ⟩.
| Voiced velar affricate | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| ɡɣ | |||
| IPA number | 110 141 | ||
| Audio sample | |||
| Encoding | |||
| X-SAMPA | g_G | ||
| |||
A voiced velar affricate has not been reported to occur phonemically in any language, but it is reported as an allophone of /g/ (usually realized as a voiced velar plosive) in some dialects of Anglo-English.
Features
editFeatures of a voiced velar affricate:
- Its manner of articulation is affricate, which means it is produced by first stopping the airflow entirely, then allowing air flow through a constricted channel at the place of articulation, causing turbulence.
- Its place of articulation is velar, which means it is articulated with the back of the tongue (the dorsum) at the soft palate.
- Its phonation is voiced, which means the vocal cords vibrate during the articulation.
- It is an oral consonant, which means that air is not allowed to escape through the nose.
- It is a median consonant, which means it is produced by directing the airstream down the midline of the tongue, rather than to the sides.
- Its airstream mechanism is pulmonic, which means it is articulated by pushing air only with the intercostal muscles and abdominal muscles, as in most sounds.
Occurrence
edit| Language | Word | IPA | Meaning | Notes | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| English | Broad Cockney[1] | good | [ˈɡ͡ɣʊˑd̥] | 'good' | Occasional allophone of /ɡ/.[2][3] See English phonology |
| Received Pronunciation[3] | |||||
| Scouse[4] | Possible syllable-initial and word-final allophone of /ɡ/.[4] See English phonology | ||||
| Slovene | sikh gre | ⓘ | 'Sikh goes' | Allophone of /k͡x/ before voiced obstruents. See Slovene phonology | |
Notes
edit- ↑ Wells (1982), pp. 322–323.
- ↑ Wells (1982), p. 323.
- 1 2 Cruttenden (2014), p. 172.
- 1 2 Wells (1982), p. 372.
References
edit- Cruttenden, Alan (2014), Gimson's Pronunciation of English (8th ed.), Routledge, ISBN 9781444183092
- Wells, John C. (1982). Accents of English 2: The British Isles. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0-521-24224-X.