Setting up a C# (.NET) project for GitHub Codespaces

Introduction

This tutorial guide shows you how to set up an example C# (.NET) project nos Codespaces usando o aplicativo da área de trabalho do Visual Studio Code ou o cliente Web do VS Code. Será mostrado um exemplo de abertura do projeto em um codespace e da adição e da modificação de uma configuração de contêiner de desenvolvimento predefinido.

Step 1: Open the project in a codespace

1. Go to https://github.com/microsoft/vscode-remote-try-dotnet.

2. Click Use this template, then click Open in a codespace.

   

When you create a codespace, your project is created on a remote virtual machine that is dedicated to you. By default, the container for your codespace has many languages and runtimes, including .NET. It also includes a common set of tools like git, wget, rsync, openssh, and nano.

Personalize seu codespace ajustando a quantidade de vCPUs e RAM, adicionando dotfiles para personalizar seu ambiente ou modificando as ferramentas e os scripts instalados.

Codespaces usa um arquivo chamado devcontainer.json para configurar o contêiner de desenvolvimento que você usa quando trabalha em um codespace. Cada repositório pode conter um ou mais arquivos devcontainer.json, para fornecer exatamente o ambiente de desenvolvimento necessário para trabalhar em seu código em um codespace.

Na inicialização, Codespaces usa um arquivo devcontainer.json e todos os arquivos dependentes que compõem a configuração do contêiner de desenvolvimento, para instalar ferramentas e runtimes, além de executar outras tarefas de instalação necessárias pelo projeto. Para obter mais informações, confira "Introdução aos contêineres de desenvolvimento".

Step 2: Add a dev container configuration

The default development container, or "dev container," for GitHub Codespaces comes with the latest .NET version and common tools preinstalled. However, we recommend that you configure your own dev container to include all of the tools and scripts your project needs. This will ensure a fully reproducible environment for all GitHub Codespaces users in your repository.

Para configurar seu repositório e usar um contêiner de desenvolvimento personalizado, você precisará criar um ou mais arquivos devcontainer.json. Você pode adicioná-los usando um modelo de configuração predefinido, no Visual Studio Code ou pode criar um. Para saber mais sobre contêineres de desenvolvimento, confira "Introdução aos contêineres de desenvolvimento".

1. Acesse o Visual Studio Code Command Palette (Shift+Command+P (Mac)/Ctrl+Shift+P (Windows/Linux)) e comece a digitar "dev container". Selecione Codespaces: Adicionar Arquivos de Configuração de Contêiner de Desenvolvimento… .

   

2. Type c# and click C# (.NET). Other options are available if your project uses particular tools. For example, C# and MS SQL.

   

3. Click the latest version of .NET.

   

4. A list of additional features is displayed. We'll install the .NET CLI, a command-line interface for developing, building, running, and publishing .NET applications. To install this tool, type dotnet, select Dotnet CLI, then click OK.

   

5. A message is displayed telling you that the dev container configuration file already exists. Click Overwrite.

   A devcontainer.json file is created and is opened in the editor.

Details of your custom dev container configuration

If you look in the Visual Studio Code Explorer you'll see that a .devcontainer directory has been added to the root of your project's repository containing the devcontainer.json file. This is the main configuration file for codespaces created from this repository.

devcontainer.json

The devcontainer.json file that you have added will contain values for the name, image, and features properties. Some additional properties that you may find useful are included but are commented out.

The file will look similar to this, depending on which image you chose:

// For format details, see https://aka.ms/devcontainer.json. For config options, see the
// README at: https://github.com/devcontainers/templates/tree/main/src/dotnet
{
  "name": "C# (.NET)",
  // Or use a Dockerfile or Docker Compose file. More info: https://containers.dev/guide/dockerfile
  "image": "mcr.microsoft.com/devcontainers/dotnet:0-7.0",
  "features": {
    "ghcr.io/devcontainers/features/dotnet:1": {}
  }

  // Features to add to the dev container. More info: https://containers.dev/features.
  // "features": {},

  // Use 'forwardPorts' to make a list of ports inside the container available locally.
  // "forwardPorts": [5000, 5001],
  // "portsAttributes": {
  //   "5001": {
  //     "protocol": "https"
  //   }
  // }

  // Use 'postCreateCommand' to run commands after the container is created.
  // "postCreateCommand": "dotnet restore",

  // Configure tool-specific properties.
  // "customizations": {},

  // Uncomment to connect as root instead. More info: https://aka.ms/dev-containers-non-root.
  // "remoteUser": "root"
}

• name: You can name your dev container anything you want. A default value is supplied.
• image: The name of an image in a container registry (DockerHub, GitHub Container registry, or Azure Container Registry) that will be used to create the dev container for the codespace.
• features: A list of one or more objects, each of which references one of the available dev container features. Features are self-contained, shareable units of installation code and development container configuration. They provide an easy way to add more tooling, runtime, or library features to your development container. For more information, see "Available Dev Container Features" on the Development Containers website. You can add features by going to the VS Code Command Palette and typing features.
• forwardPorts: Any ports listed here will be forwarded automatically. For more information, see "Forwarding ports in your codespace."
• portsAttributes - This property maps a specified port to one or more default options. For more information, see the dev containers specification on the Development Containers website.
• postCreateCommand: Use this property to run commands after your codespace is created.
• customizations: This property allows you to customize a specific tool or service when it is used for working in a codespace. For example, you can configure specific settings and extensions for VS Code. For more information, see "Supporting tools and services" on the Development Containers website.
• remoteUser: By default, you’re running as the vscode user, but you can optionally set this to root.

For a complete list of available properties, see the dev containers specification on the Development Containers website.

Additional dev container configuration files

If you are familiar with Docker, you may want to use a Dockerfile, or Docker Compose, to configure your codespace environment, in addition to the devcontainer.json file. You can do this by adding your Dockerfile or docker-compose.yml files alongside the devcontainer.json file. For more information, see "Using Images, Dockerfiles, and Docker Compose" on the Development Containers website.

Step 3: Modify your devcontainer.json file

With your dev container configuration added and a basic understanding of what everything does, you can now make changes to customize your environment further. In this example, you'll add properties that will:

• Forward the port on which the application runs on the remote machine to your local machine.
• Run dotnet restore, after the dev container is created, to restore the dependencies required by the application.
• Automatically install a VS Code extension in this codespace.

1. In the devcontainer.json file, add a comma after the features property, and delete the two commented out lines about features.

   JSON

     "features": {
       "ghcr.io/devcontainers/features/dotnet:1": {}
     },
   
     // Features to add to the dev container. More info: https://containers.dev/features.
     // "features": {},

2. Uncomment the forwardPorts property and change its value to port 5000 only.

   JSON

   // Use 'forwardPorts' to make a list of ports inside the container available locally.
   "forwardPorts": [5000],

3. Uncomment the postCreateCommand property.

   JSON

   // Use 'postCreateCommand' to run commands after the container is created.
   "postCreateCommand": "dotnet restore",

4. Uncomment the customizations property and edit it as follows to install the "Code Spell Checker" VS Code extension.

   JSON

   // Configure tool-specific properties.
   "customizations": {
     // Configure properties specific to VS Code.
     "vscode": {
       // Add the IDs of extensions you want installed when the container is created.
       "extensions": [
         "streetsidesoftware.code-spell-checker"
       ]
     }
   }

   The devcontainer.json file should now look similar to this, depending on which image you chose:

   // For format details, see https://aka.ms/devcontainer.json. For config options, see the
   // README at: https://github.com/devcontainers/templates/tree/main/src/dotnet
   {
     "name": "C# (.NET)",
     // Or use a Dockerfile or Docker Compose file. More info: https://containers.dev/guide/dockerfile
     "image": "mcr.microsoft.com/devcontainers/dotnet:0-7.0",
     "features": {
       "ghcr.io/devcontainers/features/dotnet:1": {}
     },
   
     // Use 'forwardPorts' to make a list of ports inside the container available locally.
     "forwardPorts": [5000],
     // "portsAttributes": {
     //   "5001": {
     //     "protocol": "https"
     //   }
     // }
   
     // Use 'postCreateCommand' to run commands after the container is created.
     "postCreateCommand": "dotnet restore",
   
     // Configure tool-specific properties.
     "customizations": {
       // Configure properties specific to VS Code.
       "vscode": {
         // Add the IDs of extensions you want installed when the container is created.
         "extensions": [
           "streetsidesoftware.code-spell-checker"
         ]
       }
     }
   
     // Uncomment to connect as root instead. More info: https://aka.ms/dev-containers-non-root.
     // "remoteUser": "root"
   }
   

5. Save your changes.

6. Acesse a VS Code Command Palette (Shift+Command+P [no Mac] / Ctrl+Shift+P [no Windows/Linux]) e comece a digitar "recriar". Selecione Codespaces: Recompilar Contêiner.

   

   Dica: ocasionalmente, convém executar uma recompilação completa para limpar o cache e recompilar o contêiner com imagens novas. Para obter mais informações, confira "Executar uma recompilação completa de um contêiner".

   A reconstrução dentro do seu codespace garante que as suas alterações funcionem conforme o esperado antes de realizar o commit das alterações no repositório. Se algo falhar, você será colocado em um codespace com um contêiner de recuperação que você pode reconstruir para continuar ajustando o seu contêiner.

   After the dev container is rebuilt, and your codespace becomes available again, the postCreateCommand will have been run, restoring the required dependencies, and the "Code Spell Checker" extension will be available for use.

Step 4: Run your application

In the previous section, you used the postCreateCommand to install a set of packages via the dotnet restore command. With the dependencies now installed, you can run the application.

1. Run the application by pressing F5 or entering dotnet watch run in the Terminal.

2. When the application starts, click the Ports tab, right-click port 5000 and click Open in Browser.

   

Step 5: Commit your changes

Depois de realizar alterações no seu código, tanto novo código como de configuração, você deverá fazer commit das suas alterações. O commit das alterações no seu repositório garante que qualquer pessoa que crie um codespace deste repositório tenha a mesma configuração. Isto também significa que qualquer personalização que você faça, como adicionar extensões do VS Code, aparecerá para todos os usuários.

Para obter informações, confira "Como usar o controle do código-fonte no seu codespace".

Next steps

You should now be able to add a custom dev container configuration to your own C# (.NET) project.

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