A filesystem goes into read-only mode when it has consistency issues. It is a way to prevent possible data corruption. Your next would be to take a backup of all important data from this drive since this could also mean that the hard-drive could be on its way out.
When you rebooted the machine, the / partition got mounted back in the regular rw mode from the read-only it had gone to before rebooting. 
You must run an fsck on the / partition to check for any inconsistancy. Since it is the root partition, I believe you will have to get into rescue mode to run the fsck.
     
    
testFolderon. Consider that also NTFS partitions can be accessed from a Linux-type system...