Formal governance in Benji's PMD setting is mostly municipality based, with each village, town or city being its own discreet political unit independent of any higher form of authority. The way power is structured (elected board vs council of elders, mayor vs chief, etc) is different for each community.
The closest thing to inter-community governance would be the Guild System, but they act primarily in support of civilization as a whole and have no authority over non-guild members*, deferring to local laws and leadership most of the time.
*(Wanted outlaws being the exception)
Once you step outside into the wilds, things become a mixed bag.
At one end, you have the semi-civilized pokemon. These are usually somewhat-wild family groups or loose communities with no formal laws or structure, but who otherwise interact cordially with urban mons, usually via trade.
At the other end, you have the full-on wild pokemon who basically live a feral lifestyle. Unlike dungeon mons, they are fully cognizant and live this way willingly, either due to pragmatic reasons, "because that's the way Arceus intended", or what have you.
Predatory members of this group will actively prey on other pokemon without hesitation, wild or civilized regardless. The Guild regularly patrols roads between towns to ensure traveler safety, and escort missions are a commonly rendered service.
Recent decades have seen the rise of a small handful of full-blown city-states, which tend to be much larger than typical communities with more centralized power structures and outsized economic clout.
They also have a worrisome habit of expansionism - albeit mostly peacefully so far - and of throwing their weight around against other communities that border them.
The Guild keeps a wary eye on these rising powers, and not without a growing sense of apprehension.
(Also answered this prompt over on Bluesky, but felt like reposting the actual text in full.)
