Wikipedia

Wikipedia

Wikipedia ke ensatlolopedia ya mahala. E botlhokwa tota go dirisediwa go ka tlaleletsa dithuto. E fitlhelelwa ke mongwe le mongwe. Motho o ka dirisa mogala wa letheka kgotsa mafaratlhatlha a inthanete (internet) go ka batla kitso ka sengwe.

Wikipedia
Sekano sa Wikipedia
Screenshot
Wikipedia portal showing the different languages sorted by article count
Tebego ya tsebe ya konokono ya Wikipedia ka komputara
Type of site
Maranyane a encyclopedia
Available in363 languages
Country of originUnited States
Owner
Created by
URLwikipedia.org
CommercialNyaa
RegistrationWa ithopela
Users>557,041 active editors[1]
>132,822,291 registered users
LaunchedFerikgong 15, 2001
(25 years ago) (2001-01-15)
Current statusActive
Content license
CC Attribution / Share-Alike 3.0
Most text is also dual-licensed under GFDL; media licensing varies
Written inLAMP platform[2]
OCLC number52075003

Metswedi

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  1. ↑ To be considered active, a user must make at least one edit or other action in a given month.
  2. ↑ Chapman, Roger (September 6, 2011). "Top 40 Website Programming Languages". rogchap.com. Archived from the original on September 22, 2013. Retrieved September 6, 2011.

Ditso

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Go ne ga lekeletswa diensaetlolopedia tse di farologaneng tsa tirisanommogo tsa mo mafaratlhatlheng (inthanete) pele ga go simololwa ga Wikipedia, mme tsotlhe tsa atlega fela e seng mo go kalo kalo. [1] Wikipedia e simolotse e le lenaneo le le tlaleletsang Nupedia, e leng thulaganyo ya mahala ya mafaratlhatlha a inthanete ya ensaetlolopedia ya puo ya Sekgoa e makwalo a yone a neng a kwalwa ke baitseanape le go sekasekwa ka fa tlase ga thulaganyo e e tlhomameng. [2] E tlhomilwe ka Mopitlo a le malatsi a le boferabongwe, ngwaga wa 2000, e le ya Bomis, e leng kompone ya web portal . Batho ba bagolo ba yone e ne e le Mookamedi-mogolo wa Bomis e bong Jimmy Wales le Larry Sanger, morulaganyi-mogolo wa Nupedia mme moragonyana wa Wikipedia. Nupedia e neilwe teseletso lantlha ka fa tlase ga teseletso ya yone ya Diteng tse di Buletsweng tsa Nupedia. Pele ga Wikipedia e tlhongwa, Nupedia e ne ya fetogela kwa Teseletso ya Dikwalo ya Mahala ya GNU se se rotloediwa ke Richard Stallman . Gantsi Wales o fiwa tlotla gore o ne a kgona go tlhalosa ka botlalo maikano a go dira ensaetlolopedia e makwalo a yone a kgonang go kwalwa le go baakangwa ke setshaba , fa Sanger ene a bokelwa go tswa ka leano la go dirisa wiki go fitlhelela maikano ao. [3] Ka Firikgong a le malatsi a le lesome, ngwaga wa 2001, Sanger o ne a ntsha mogopolo mo dithomelong tsa Nupedia go tlhama wiki gore e bereke go "thusa" lenaneo la Nupedia. [W 1]

Tshimololo le kgolo

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Wikipedia e simolodisitswe ka Firikgong a le malatsi a le lesome le botlhano ka ngwaga wa 2001, (ka dinako tse dingwe le bidiwa "Letsatsi la Wikipedia"), [4] e le kgatiso e le nngwe ya puo ya Sekgoa e e nang le leina la kgolagano ya www.wikipedia.com, mme le ne la bolelwa ke Sanger mo dithomelong tsa Nupedia. Leina le, le le duleng ka Sanger go thibela tshenyo epe e e ka nnang teng mo leineng la Nupedia, [5] le simolotse mo motswakong wa mafoko wiki le encyclopedia . Wales o boletse gore kgopolo ya Wikipedia e ne ya tlhotlhelediwa ke dikgopolo tsa thulaganyo e e sa rulaganngwang e e neng e amana le Friedrich Hayek le Sekolo sa tsa itsholelo sa kwa Austria morago ga gore moitseanape wa tsa itsholelo yo o ratang kgololesego e bong Mark Thornton a supe megopolo ye . [6] [7] Segolobogolo, Wales o ne ya tlhotlhelediwa ke polelo ya ga Hayek ya Tiriso ya Kitso mo Setšhabeng e e neng e bolela gore e ne e le "konokono" mo mogopolong wa gagwe ka ga "kafa a ka laolang lenaneo la Wikipedia ka teng". [7] Molao wa tsamaiso ya yone o o botlhokwa wa " pono e e sa tseyeng letlhakore " o ne wa simolola mo ngwageng wa yone wa ntlha . [8]Mme fela, go ne go na le melao e mmalwa, mme e ne e bereka e sa laolwe ke Nupedia. Bomis kwa tshimologong e ne e ikaeletse gore e nne kgwebo e e dirang dipoelo. [9]

Wikipedia e ne ya bona bakwadi/batlatsi ba ntlha go tswa mo Nupedia, dipego tsa Slashdot, le go dira dikgolagano tsa enjene ya patlo ya webo. Dikgatiso tsa puo di ne tsa tlhamiwa go simolola ka Mopitlo 2001, mme palo yotlhe ya tse di ne di dirisiwang di le lekgolo le masome a le marataro le bongwe kwa bokhutlong jwa ngwaga wa 2004. Nupedia le Wikipedia di ne tsa nna mmogo go fitlhela disefara tsa Nupedia di emisetswa ruri ka 2003, mme dikwalo tsa yone di ne tsa tsenngwa mo Wikipedia. Wikipedia ya Sekgoa e fetile letshwao la dikwalo tse di didikadike di le pedi (2 million) ka Lwetse a le malatsi a le boferabongwe, ngwaga wa 2007, mme se se ne sa e dira gore e nne ensaetlolopedia e kgolo go gaisa tsotlhe tse di kileng tsa kokoanngwa, e feta Ensaetlolopedia ya Yongle e e neng ya dirwa kwa China ka nako ya puso ya ga Ming ka 1408, e e neng e tshwere rekoto ya teng dingwaga di ka nna makgolo a le marataro.

Ka ntlha ya go tshaba papatso ya dikgwebo le go tlhoka taolo, badirisi ba Wikipedia ya Sepanishe ba ne ba tswa mo Wikipedia go tlhama Enciclopedia Libre ka Tlhakole 2002. [W 2] Morago ga moo Wales o ne a ntsha kitsiso ya gore Wikipedia ga e kitla e bontsha dikgang tsa ipapatso mme ya fetola kgolagano ya dikhomphiutha go tswa go wikipedia.com go ya go wikipedia.org . [W 3]

Morago ga paka ya ntlha ya kgolo e e kwa godimo, [10] go lebega selekanyo sa kgolo ya Wikipedia ya Sekgoa go ya ka dipalo tsa dikwalo tse disha le tsa bakwadi e ne ya tsholetsega thata go bapa le ngwaga wa 2007 o simolola. [11] Kgatiso e e ne ya fitlhelela dikwalo di le didikadike di le tharo ka Phatwe 2009. Dikwalo di ka nna sekete le makgolo a le boferabobedi di ne di tsenngwa mo ensaetlolopedia ye ka letsatsi ka ngwaga wa 2006; ka 2013 palogare eo e ne e tsamaela makgolo a le boferabobedi. [W 4] Setlhopha kwa Lekalaneng la Dipatlisiso la Palo Alto se ne sa amanya go fokotsega mo ga kgolo le "go oketsega ga kgokagano le ditshenyegelo tse di kwa godimo, go se akarediwe batho ba basha mo lenaneong, le go gana diphetogo tse disha". Ba bangwe ba ne ba akantsha gore kgolo e ne ya fokotsega ka gonne dikwalo tse di ka bidiwang " tse di motlhofo thata "— tsa ditlhogo tse di tshwanelwang ke go nna dikwalo—di ne di setse di tlhamilwe le go agiwa thata. [12]

Ka Ngwanatsele 2009, mmatlisisi mongwe kwa Sekolong sa dithuto tse dikgolwane sa Rey Juan Carlos kwa Madrid, kwa Spain, o ne a fitlhela gore Wikipedia ya Sekgoa e ne e latlhegetswe ke bakwadi/batlatsi ba le dikete di le masome a mane le boferabongwe mo dikgweding tsa ntlha tse tharo tsa 2009; fa e bapisiwa, e ne e latlhegetswe ke bakwadi ba le dikete di le nne le makgolo a le boferabongwe fela mo pakeng e e tshwanang ka 2008. [13] Pego ya The Wall Street e ne ya umaka melao e e farologaneng e e dirisiwang mo go direng dikwalo le dikganetsano tse di amanang le diteng tsa one gareng ga mabaka a a dirang gore go nne le tlwaelo ya kgang ye. [14] Wales o ne a ganetsa dikgang tse ka 2009, a ganela dikgang tsa phokotsego le go belaela mokgwa wa patlisiso eo. [15] Morago ga dingwaga di le pedi, ka 2011, o ne a amogela gore go nnile le phokotsego e nnye, a lemoga phokotsego go tswa go "bakwadi ba ba fetang dikete di le masome a mararo le borataro go le sekae" ka Seetebosigo 2010 go ya go ba le dikete di le masome a mararo le botlhano le makgolo a le boferabobedi ka Seetebosigo 2011. Mo go yone potsolotso eo, o ne a bolela gape gore palo ya bakwadi e ne e "tlhomame e bile e tswelelela pele". [16] Setlhogo sa lekwalo la 2013 la MIT Technology Review, "Go wela tlase ga Wikipedia", se ne sa belaela polelo e, sa bega gore fa e sale ka 2007 Wikipedia e ne e latlhegetswe ke nngwetharong ya bakwadi ba yone ba ba ithaopileng, mme sa akantsha gore ba ba setseng ba ne ba tlhomile mogopolo thata mo dintlheng tse dinnye. [17] Ka Phukwi 2012, The Atlantic e ne ya bega gore palo ya batsamaisi le yone e ne e fokotsega. [18] Ka Ngwanatseele 2013, bukana ya ditshwantsho ya New York e ne ya bolela jaana, "Wikipedia, webosaete ya borataro e e dirisiwang thata, e lebagane le mathata a tsamaiso ya one." Palo ya bakwadi ba esaentlolopedia ya Sekgoa ba ba e dirisang gangwe le gape fa e sa le ka nako eo e ntse e tlhomame morago ga nako e telele ya go wela tlase. [19] [20]

Ka Firikgong a le malatsi a le masome a mabedi, ngwaga wa 2014, Subodh Varma yo o neng a begela The Economic Times o ne a supa gore ga se fela gore kgolo ya Wikipedia e ne e eme, e ne e "latlhegetswe ke palo ya dipono tsa dikwalo di ka nna lesome mo lekgolong ngogola. Go nnile le phokotsego ye e ka nnang dikadikadike di le dikete tse pedi (2 billion) fa gare ga Sedimonthole 2012 le Sedimonthole 2013. Diphetolelo tsa yone tse di ratiwang thata ke tsone tse di eteletseng pele mo tsebeng: dipono tsa dikwalo tsa Wikipedia ya Sekgoa di fokotsegile ka lesome le bobedi mo lekgolong (12%), tsa mofuta wa Sejeremane di fokotsegile ka lesome le bosupa mo lekgolong (17%) mme tsa mofuta wa Sejapane di fokotsegile ka boferabongwe mo lekgolong (9%)." [21] Varma o ne a tlatsa a re, "Le fa baokamedi ba Wikipedia ba akanya gore se se ka tswa se bakilwe ke diphoso tsa go tsaa dipalo, baitseanape ba bangwe ba akanya gore lenaneo la Google la Knowledge Graphs le le simolotsweng ngogola le ka tswa le ne le tsaya badirisi ba Wikipedia." [21] Fa go ikgolagangwa le ene, Clay Shirky, morutintshi-mmogo kwa Sekolo sa dithuto tse dikgolwane sa New York le modiri ka ene kwa Lekalana la Setšhaba le mafaratlhatlha a Inthanete la Berkman Klein la Harvard o ne a bolela gore o belaela gore bontsi jwa go fokotsega ga go lebelewa ga ditsebe go bakilwe ke Dikerafo tsa Kitso, a bolela jaana, "Fa o ka kgona go bona karabo ya potso ya gago mo tsebeng ya patlo, ga o tlhoke go [tobetsa] go ya pele." [21] Kwa bokhutlong jwa Sedimonthole 2016, Wikipedia e ne ya fiwa maemo a botlhano mo webosaeteng e e itseweng thata mo lefatsheng lotlhe ka bophara. [22] Go ema ka Firikgong 2023, go setse go nopotswe dikwalo di le dikete di le masome a matlhano le botlhano le makgolo a le bosupa le masome a le boferabongwe le bongwe (55 791) tsa Wikipedia ya Sekgoa makgetho a le dikete di le masome a le boferabongwe le bobedi le makgolo a le mararo (92 300 ) mo dibukaneng tsa barutegi, [23] tse go tswa mo go tsone tiriso ya dikitso tsa dikhomphiutha e neng e le tsebe e e nopotsweng thata. [24]

Dithulaganyo tse di berekang le yone

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Wikipedia e tlhamile mananeo a le mmalwa a a berekang le ensaetlolopedia, tse gape e leng diwiki tse di tsamaisiwang ke Mokgatlho wa Wikimedia . Mananeo a mangwe a Wikimedia a a akaretsa Wiktionary, lenaneo la bukana ya ithunthuntso mafoko e e neng ya simololwa ka Sedimonthole 2002, Wikiquote, kokoanyo ya dinopolo tse di tlhamilweng beke morago ga gore Wikimedia e simololwe, [25] Wikibooks, kokoanyo ya dibukathuto tsa mahala tse di kwadilweng ka tirisanommogo, [W 5] Wikimedia Commons . e e neng e diretswe metswedi ya dikgang ya kitso e e gololesegileng, Wikinews, ya bobegadikgang jo bo dirisanang mmogo, le Wikiversity, lenaneo la go tlhama didirisiwa tsa go ithuta tsa mahala le go tlamela ka ditiro tsa go ithuta ka inthanete. [W 6] Lenaneo le lengwe la Wikipedia, Wikispecies, le nankolola mefuta ya ditshedi tsotlhe, mme ga e a bulegela go ka tlaletswa ke setšhaba. [26] Ka 2012, Wikivoyage, e leng kaedi ya mesepele e e ka tlaleletswang, [27] le Wikidata, e leng motheo wa kitso o o ka tlaleletswang le one, di ne tsa simololwa. [W 7]

Diphitlhelelo

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Cartogram showing number of articles in the top 88 Wikipedias (Tempolete:As of The size of the circles for Wikipedias that have less than a million articles is fixed and not proportional to the size of the Wikipedia. The smallest Wikipedia that made the cutoff is the Haitian Creole Wikipedia with 69K articles.[lower-alpha 1]
The languages are roughly grouped by region:

Ka Firikgong 2007, Wikipedia e ne ya nna nngwe ya diwebosaete tse di lesome tse di tumileng thata kwa Amerika, go ya ka Comscore Networks. [28] Ka badirisi ba yone ba ba kgethegileng ba le didikadike di le masome a mane le bobedi le dikete di le makgolo a le boferabongwe (42.9), e ne ya nna mo maemong a boferabongwe, e feta The New York Times (maemo a lesome) le Apple (maemo a lesome le bongwe). [28] Se se ne sa tshwaya koketsego e e bonalang go feta Firikgong 2006, fa Wikipedia e ne e le mo maemong a bomasome a le mararo le boraro, ka badirisi ba kgethegileng ba le didikadike di le lesome le boferabobedi le dikete di le makgolo a le mararo ka (18.3 million). Ka 2014, e ne ya amogela dipono tsa ditsebe di le didikadike di le dikete tse di boferabobedi (8 billion) kgwedi le kgwedi. [W 8] Ka Tlhakole a le malatsi ae boferabongwe, 2014, The New York Times e ne ya bega gore Wikipedia e ne e na le  dipono tsa ditsebe di le dikadikadike di le dikete tse dilesome le boferabobedi (18 billion) le badirisi ba ba kgethegileng ba le didikadike di le makgolo a le matlhano (500 million) ka kgwedi, "go ya ka ditekanyetso tsa comScore". [29] Go ema ka Mopitlo 2023, e ne le mo maemong a borataro ka go tuma go ya kaSimilarweb.[30] Jeff Loveland le Joseph Reagle ba nganga gore, mo tsamaisong, Wikipedia e latela mokgwa wa tsela e e telele wa diensaetlolopedia tsa ditso tse di kokoantseng ditokafatso ka bonya ka bonya ka " go kokoanya ga stigmergy ". [31] [32]

Ka Firikgong a le malatsi a le lesome le boferabobedi, ngwaga wa 2012, Wikipedia ya Sekgoa e ne ya nna le seabe mo motseletseleng wa ditshupetso tse di rulagantsweng kgatlhanong le melao e mebedi e e neng e tshitshintswe kwa Lekgotlaneng la United States — Molao wa go Emisa go Utswa bodiratsi/dikwalo mo mafaratlhatlheng (SOPA) le Molao wa PROTECT IP (PIPA)—ka go fifatsa ditsebe tsa yone dioura di le masome a mabedi le bone . [33] Batho ba feta didikadike di le lekgolo le le lengwe le masome a mabedi ba bone tsebe e e neng e tlhalosa go fifafatsa moo e e neng e tsere maemo a diteng tsa ensaetlolopedia nakwana e e seng ya sennela ruri. [34] [W 9]

Ka Firikgong 2013, 274301 Wikipedia, e leng asteroid, e ne ya bidiwa ka Wikipedia; [35] ka Phalane 2014, Wikipedia e ne ya tlotlomatswa ka Sefikantswe sa Wikipedia ; [36] mme, ka Phukwi 2015, ditshutiso tsa Wikipedia di le lekgolo le le lengwe le borataro (106) mo go tse di dikete di le bosupa le makgolo a le mane le masome a le bosupa le boraro (7 473) tse di nang le ditsebe di le makgolo a le masupa 700 di ne tsa nna teng e le Wikipedia e e Gatisitsweng . [37] Ka Moranang 2019, sefofane sa Iseraele se se fologang mo ngweding, Beresheet, se ne sa wela mo godimo ga Ngwedi se tshotse dikhophi tsa dikwalo tsa Wikipedia ya sekgoa tsotlhe di gateletswe mo dipoleiting tse ditshesane tsa nikele; baitseanape ba re go ka direga gore dipoleiti tse di ne tsa seka tsa amega fa tiragalo e ya go wa ga sefofane e diragala. [38] [39] Ka Seetebosigo 2019, baitseanape ba maranyane ba ne ba bega gore 16 GB otlhe wa dikwalo tse di tswang mo Wikipedia ya Sekgoa o tsentswe mo DNA ya maitirelo . [40]

Ka Firikgong a le lesome le boferabobedi, 2023, Wikipedia e ne ya simolodisa webosaete e ntšha e e baakantsweng , e e bidiwang " Vector 2022 ". [41] [42] E ne e na le tsebe ya lenaneo e e tlhamilweng sesha, e sutisetsa tafole ya diteng kafa molemeng go e dira baara e e kafa thoko, le diphetogo di le dintsi fa go tobediwang teng go tlhopha tse o batlang go di dirisa jaaka sedirisiwa sa go tlhopha puo. [42] [W 10] Ntšhafatso e e ne ya amogela tsibogo e e sa siamang kwa tshimologong, segolobogolo fa bakwadi botlhe ba Wikipedia ya Seswahili ba ne ba tlhopha go busetsa diphetogo morago. [41] [43]

Bobedi jo, Sanger le Wales ba ne tsenelela dipotsolotso tse di phatlalatsa kwa bokhutlong jwa 2025 ka ga dikakanyo tsa bone ka ga maemo le seemo sa Wikipedia, go fitlha go felela fa dingwageng tsa one tse di masome a mabedi le botlhano e ntse e le mo tirisong ka Firikgong a le lesome le botlhano, ngwaga wa 2026; Wales o ne a tlhagelela mo thulaganyong ya dikgang tsa PBS mo lenaneong la GZERO World e e neng e botsolodiwa ke Ian Bremmer mme Sanger o ne a tlhagelela mo Dikgannyeng tsa Fox, e e neng e botsolodiwa ke Ashley Rindsberg . Buka ya ga Wales ya Melao e e Supa ya go Ikanyega e ne ya gatisiwa ke Penguin Random House ka Phalane 2025 . E ne ya tlhalosiwa ke mogatisi jaaka "kakanyo e e tseneletseng ka ga mathata a lefatshe a go ikanyega le kitso" e le buka e e kanokang "melao ya go tshepana" e e letleletseng kgolo le katlego ya Wikipedia. [44]

Ditlamorago tsa maranyane a botlhale jwa maiterelo (generative AI ) mo dipalong tsa dipono tsa ditsebe tsa Wikipedia

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Fa e sa le ka Firikgong 2024, Mokgatlho wa Wikimedia o begile koketsego ya sephatlo mo lekgolong ya tiriso tsa dibandwith go tswa mo go bapaleng diteng tsa bobegakgang mo mananeong a one otlhe. Go ya ka mokgatlho yo, kgolo e e amana le mananeo a a iperekisang ka boone, kgotsa di-bot tsa " scraper ", tse di kokoanyang ditshutiso tsa kitso mo ditsebeng tsa Wikimedia gore di dirisiwe mo go katiseng didirisiwa tse ditona tsa puo le ditiro tse di amanang le tsone. [45]

Ka Phalane 2025, Mokgatlho wa Wikimedia o ne wa bega palo kakanyetso e le boferabobedi mo lekgolong ya phokotsego ya pharakano fa go bapisiwa le kgwedi e e tshwanang ka 2024 mo diponong tse di dirilweng ke batho. Ba bua gore se se bontsha tiriso ya Maranyane a botlhale jwa maitirelo le metswedi ya dikgang di sedimosa ka fa batho ba ratang go batla kitso/dikgang ka teng. [46] [47]

  1. ↑ Garber, Megan (October 12, 2011). "The contribution conundrum: Why did Wikipedia succeed while other encyclopedias failed?". Nieman Lab. Archived from the original on February 10, 2023. Retrieved June 5, 2016.
  2. ↑ Kock, Ned; Jung, Yusun; Syn, Thant (2016). "Wikipedia and e-Collaboration Research: Opportunities and Challenges" (PDF). International Journal of e-Collaboration. IGI Global. 12 (2): 1–8. doi:10.4018/IJeC.2016040101. ISSN 1548-3681. Archived (PDF) from the original on September 27, 2016.
  3. ↑ "Tech Rewind: How Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia came to be". Mid-day (in Sekgoa). 2015-01-15. Retrieved 2026-01-08.
  4. ↑ McDowell & Vetter 2022, p. 7.
  5. ↑ Larry Sanger (11 January 2001). "Re: [Advisory-l The wiki..."]. Nupedia mailing list. http://www.nupedia.com/pipermail/nupedia-l/2001-January/000680.html.
  6. ↑ "Wikipedia's Model Follows Hayek - WSJ". 2009-04-15. https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB123976347774119699.
  7. 1 2 Mangu-Ward, Katherine (2007-05-30). "Wikipedia and Beyond". Reason.com (in American English). Archived from the original on July 25, 2021. Retrieved 2026-04-21.
  8. ↑ McDowell & Vetter 2022, p. 29.
  9. ↑ "Read me first: Wikipedia isn't about human potential, whatever Wales says". The Guardian (London). September 25, 2008. https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2008/sep/25/wikipedia.internet.
  10. ↑ Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named "wikisym slowing growth 1".
  11. ↑ "Wikipedia approaches its limits". https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2009/aug/12/wikipedia-deletionist-inclusionist.
  12. ↑ Cohen. "Wikipedia – Exploring Fact City". https://www.nytimes.com/2009/03/29/weekinreview/29cohen.html.
  13. ↑ Kleeman, Jenny (November 26, 2009). "Wikipedia falling victim to a war of words". The Guardian (London). https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2009/nov/26/wikipedia-losing-disgruntled-editors.
  14. ↑ Fowler, Geoffrey A.; Angwin, Julia (November 27, 2009). "Volunteers Log Off as Wikipedia Ages". The Wall Street Journal. Archived from the original on December 4, 2022. Retrieved January 23, 2023.
  15. ↑ Barnett, Emma (November 26, 2009). "Wikipedia's Jimmy Wales denies site is 'losing' thousands of volunteer editors". The Daily Telegraph (London). https://www.telegraph.co.uk/technology/wikipedia/6660646/Wikipedias-Jimmy-Wales-denies-site-is-losing-thousands-of-volunteer-editors.html.
  16. ↑ Rawlinson, Kevin (August 8, 2011). "Wikipedia seeks women to balance its 'geeky' editors". The Independent. https://www.independent.co.uk/life-style/gadgets-and-tech/news/wikipedia-seeks-women-to-balance-its-geeky-editors-2333605.html.
  17. ↑ Simonite, Tom (October 22, 2013). "The Decline of Wikipedia". MIT Technology Review. Archived from the original on July 31, 2022. Retrieved November 30, 2013.
  18. ↑ Meyer, Robinson (July 16, 2012). "3 Charts That Show How Wikipedia Is Running Out of Admins". The Atlantic. https://www.theatlantic.com/technology/archive/2012/07/3-charts-that-show-how-wikipedia-is-running-out-of-admins/259829.
  19. ↑ F., G. (May 5, 2013). "Who really runs Wikipedia?". The Economist. https://www.economist.com/the-economist-explains/2013/05/05/who-really-runs-wikipedia.
  20. ↑ Mandiberg, Michael (February 23, 2020). "Mapping Wikipedia". The Atlantic. Archived from the original on November 15, 2021. Retrieved November 26, 2021.
  21. 1 2 3 Varma, Subodh (January 20, 2014). "Google eating into Wikipedia page views?". The Economic Times. https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/articleshow/29094246.cms.
  22. ↑ "Alexa Top 500 Global Sites". Alexa Internet. Archived from the original on February 3, 2021. Retrieved December 28, 2016.
  23. ↑ "Citations of Wikipedia as an Online Resource". exaly. Archived from the original on November 4, 2022. Retrieved November 4, 2022.
  24. ↑ "Citations of Cloud Computing". exaly. Archived from the original on November 4, 2022. Retrieved November 4, 2022.
  25. ↑ Woods, Dan; Theony, Peter (2007). "3: The Thousand Problem-Solving Faces of Wikis". Wikis for dummies (1st ed.). Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons. p. 58. ISBN 978-1-118-05066-8. OCLC 1300481129. OL 5741003W.
  26. ↑ "NET News: Calling All Taxonomists". Science. 307 (5712): 1021. February 18, 2005. doi:10.1126/science.307.5712.1021a. S2CID 220095354.
  27. ↑ Luyt, Brendan (January 1, 2020). "A new kind of travel guide or more of the same? Wikivoyage and Cambodia". Online Information Review. 45 (2): 356–371. doi:10.1108/OIR-03-2020-0104.
  28. 1 2 "New Year's Resolutions Reflected in January U.S. Web Traffic" (PDF). Comscore. February 15, 2007. p. 3. Archived from the original on August 19, 2021. Retrieved January 23, 2023.
  29. ↑ Cohen, Noam (February 9, 2014). "Wikipedia vs. the Small Screen". The New York Times. https://www.nytimes.com/2014/02/10/technology/wikipedia-vs-the-small-screen.html?_r=0.
  30. ↑ Similarweb. "Top Websites Ranking – Most Visited Websites In The World". Similarweb. Archived from the original on February 10, 2022. Retrieved March 4, 2023.
  31. ↑ Loveland, Jeff; Reagle, Joseph (January 15, 2013). "Wikipedia and encyclopedic production". New Media & Society. 15 (8): 1294. doi:10.1177/1461444812470428. ISSN 1461-4448. S2CID 27886998.
  32. ↑ Rosen, Rebecca J. (January 30, 2013). "What If the Great Wikipedia 'Revolution' Was Actually a Reversion?". The Atlantic. Archived from the original on December 29, 2022. Retrieved February 9, 2013.
  33. ↑ "Wikipedia: SOPA protest led eight million to look up reps in Congress". https://latimesblogs.latimes.com/technology/2012/01/wikipedia-sopa-blackout-congressional-representatives.html.
  34. ↑ "Wikipedia joins blackout protest at US anti-piracy moves". https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/technology-16590585.
  35. ↑ Workman, Robert (January 5, 2013). "Asteroid Re-Named 'Wikipedia'". Space.com. https://www.space.com/19643-asteroid-named-wikipedia.html.
  36. ↑ Katz, Leslie (October 27, 2014). "A Wikipedia monument? It's true (we're pretty sure)". CNET. https://www.cnet.com/tech/services-and-software/a-wikipedia-monument-its-true-were-pretty-sure/.
  37. ↑ Sawers, Paul (June 18, 2015). "You can soon buy a 7,471-volume printed version of Wikipedia for $500,000". VentureBeat. Archived from the original on October 17, 2022. Retrieved January 24, 2023.
  38. ↑ Oberhaus, Daniel (August 5, 2019). "A Crashed Israeli Lunar Lander Spilled Tardigrades On The Moon". Wired. https://www.wired.com/story/a-crashed-israeli-lunar-lander-spilled-tardigrades-on-the-moon/.
  39. ↑ Resnick, Brian (August 6, 2019). "Tardigrades, the toughest animals on Earth, have crash-landed on the moon – The tardigrade conquest of the solar system has begun.". Vox. https://www.vox.com/science-and-health/2019/8/6/20756844/tardigrade-moon-beresheet-arch-mission.
  40. ↑ Shankland, Stephen (June 29, 2019). "Startup packs all 16 GB of Wikipedia onto DNA strands to demonstrate new storage tech – Biological molecules will last a lot longer than the latest computer storage technology, Catalog believes.". CNET. https://www.cnet.com/news/startup-packs-all-16gb-wikipedia-onto-dna-strands-demonstrate-new-storage-tech/.
  41. 1 2 Pearl, Mike (January 18, 2023). "Yes, Wikipedia looks weird. Don't freak out". Mashable. Archived from the original on January 20, 2023. Retrieved January 23, 2023.
  42. 1 2 Tech Desk (January 18, 2023). "Wikipedia gets a facelift after 10 years: A look at new interface and features". The Indian Express. Archived from the original on January 19, 2023. Retrieved January 22, 2023.
  43. ↑ Rauwerda, Annie (January 18, 2023). "Wikipedia's Redesign Is Barely Noticeable. That's the Point". Slate Magazine. Archived from the original on January 20, 2023. Retrieved January 23, 2023.
  44. ↑ "The Seven Rules of Trust". Penguin Random House (in Sekgoa). Retrieved 22 October 2025.
  45. ↑ Weaver, Tanya (2025-04-04). "AI scraper bots putting costly strain on Wikimedia infrastructure". eandt.theiet.org. Retrieved 2025-10-22.
  46. ↑ Ha, Anthony (2025-10-18). "Wikipedia says traffic is falling due to AI search summaries and social video". TechCrunch. Archived from the original on December 21, 2025. Retrieved 2025-10-22.
  47. ↑ Miller, Marshall (2025-10-17). "New User Trends on Wikipedia". Diff. Retrieved 2025-10-22.

Tirisanommogo ya bakwadi

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Dipharologano tse di gateletsweng mo dikwalong tsa setlhogo se le sengwe

Melawana

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Ka ntlha ya go tuma ga Wikipedia mo go ntseng go oketsega, dikgatiso dingwe, di akaretsa le tsa Sekgoa, di simolodisitse melawana e e laolang go tlaleletsa dikwalo fa gongwe. Ka sekai, mo Wikipedia ya sekgoa le dikgatiso dingwe tsa dipuo, badirisi ba ba nang le diphetogo di le lesome tsa dikwalo mme gape ba na le malatsi a le mane e le badirisi ke bone fela ba ba ka dirang dikwalo tse disha. Mo Wikipedia ya Sekgoa, gareng ga tse dingwe, ditsebe tse di bakang dikganetsano thata, tse di masisi, kgotsa tse di nang le kgonagalo ya go senngwa di ile tsa sirelediwa ka selekanyo se se farologaneng. [1] Tsebe e e senngwang gantsi e ka nna "e e sireleditsweng bontlhabongwe" kgotsa "e e sireleditsweng e netefaditswe gape e atolositswe", se se rayang gore ke fela bakwadi ba ba "tlhomamisitsweng" kgotsa ba ba "netefaditsweng mo go atolositsweng" ba ka e fetolang. [2]Setlhogo se se bakang dikganetsano thata se ka nna sa lotlelwa gore e nne batsamaisi fela ba ba ka dirang diphetogo. Lekwalo la 2021 mo Columbia Journalism Review le ne la supa melawana ya Wikipedia ya go sireletsa ditsebe jaaka "gongwe tsela e e botlhokwa thata" e e nang le yone ya go "laola mmaraka wa yone wa megopolo". [3] Wikipedia e abetse di- bot ditiro dingwe . tsamaiso ya algorithm ya mofuta yoo e bonolo go tsenngwa mo tirisong le go lekanyediwa, mme go gana go amogela diphetogo mo go itirisang (automated rejection ) go ka tswa go nnile le seabe mo go fokotsegeng ga bakwadi ba ba matlhagatlhaga ba Wikipedia. [4] Di-bot di tshwanetse go amogelwa ke badirisi pele ga ditiro tsa tsone di tsenngwa mo tirisong. [5]

Mo dikgannyeng tse dingwe, bakwadi botlhe ba letlelelwa go romela diphetogo, fela go tlhokega tshekatsheko mo bakwading bangwe, go lebilwe diemo dingwe. Ka sekai, Wikipedia ya Sejeremane e boloka "diphetolo tse di tlhomameng" tsa dikwalo tse di fentseng go tlhatlhobiwa mo go rileng. Morago ga diteko tse di tsereng nako e telele le dipuisano tsa badirisi, Wikipedia ya Sekgoa e ne ya tlhagisa thulaganyo ya "diphetogo tse di santseng di letilwe" ka Sedimonthole ngwaga wa 2012. [6] Ka fa tlase ga thulaganyo ye, diphetogo tsa badirisi ba basha le ba ba sa kwadisiwang mo dikwalong dingwe tse di bakang dikganetsano kgotsa tse di nnang di senngwa di sekasekwa ke badirisi ba ba tlhomameng pele ga di gatisiwa. [7] Le fa go ntse jalo, melawana ya go tlaleletsa dikwalo e fokotsa go nna le seabe ga bakwadi ga mmogo le maiteko a go kabakanya morafe wa badirisi. [8]

Dikwalo tse di amanang le kgotlhang ya Iseraele le Palestina di bewa ka fa tlase ga tshireletso e e atolositsweng e e netefaditsweng. [9] Bakwadi gape ba ka dira phetogo ya go boela morago mafoko a bone gangwe fela ka letsatsi go ralala ensaetlolopedia yotlhe mme ba ka thibelwa ruri go tlaleletsa dikwalo tse di amanang le yone. Melawana e e simolotswe ka 2008. [10] Ka Firikgong 2025, Komiti ya Katlholo e ne ya simolodisa "melawana e e lekalekanang ya go tlaleletsa dikwalo", e e tlhokang gore badirisi ba ba nang le dithibelo ba neele fela nngwetharong ya diphetolo tsa bone mo dikwalong tse di amanang le kgotlhang ya Iseraele le Palestina le fa go se na melao epe ya boitshwaro jo bo sa siamang e e robilweng. [11]

Tshekatsheko ya diphetogo

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tsebe ya diphetolo ya Wikipedia

Le fa diphetogo di sa sekasekwe ka thulaganyo, sofotewere ya Wikipedia e tlamela ka didirisiwa tse di letlelelang mongwe le mongwe go sekaseka diphetogo tse di dirilweng ke ba bangwe. Tsebe ya Ditso ya lekwalo lengwe le sengwe e golagana le diphetolo dingwe le dingwe tsa yone.[lower-alpha 2] Mo dikwalong ka bontsi, mongwe le mongwe o ka lebelela diphetogo tse disha mme gape a baakanya diphetolo tsa ba bangwe ka go tobetsa kgokagano e e mo tsebeng ya Ditso tsa lekwalo la teng. Badirisi ba ba kwadisitsweng ba ka nna ba tlhokometse dikwalo tse di ba kgatlhang ka go nna le "lenaneo la ditebelelo" gore ba kgone go itsisiwe ka diphetogo. "Kanoko ya ditsebe tse disha" ke thulaganyo e mo go yone dikwalo tse di sa tswang go tlhamiwa di tlholwang go bona gore a di na le mathata a a bonalang.

Ka 2003, moithuti wa setlankana sa PhD sa dithuto tsa itsholelo Andrea Ciffolilli o ne a bolela gore ditshenyegelo tse di kwa tlase tsa go nna le seabe mo wiki di ne tsa dira gore go nne le tlhabololo ya tirisanommogo, le gore dikarolo tsa mofuta yoo di ne di letlelela gore go nne motlhofo go bona diphetolo tse di fetileng tsa tsebe, mme go ne go thusa ka "dikatlholo tse di agang" go na le "dikatlholo tse di senyang". [12]

Tshenyo

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Phetogo epe e e tshosetsang go thokgama ga Wikipedia ka bomo e tsewa e le go senya. Mefuta e e tlwaelegileng thata e e bonalang ya go senya e akaretsa go oketsa ka dilo tse di fatlhang le metlae e e sa siamang; gape e ka akaretsa ipapatso le mefuta e mengwe ya spam. Ka dinako tse dingwe bakwadi ba senya dikwalo ka go tlosa diteng kgotsa go tsenya tsebe e e senang sepe gotlhelele. Mefuta e e sa tlwaelegang thata ya tshenyo, jaaka go tlaletsa dikwalo ka dikgang tse di utlwalang mme di se boammaaruri ka bomo, di ka nna dingalo thata go lemosega. Batho ba ba senyang dikwalo ba ka tsenya fomate e e sa amaneng le sepe, ba fetola motheo wa tsebe jaaka setlhogo sa tsebe kgotsa go aroganngwa ga yone ka ditlhopha, ba dirisa khoutu e e ka fa tlase ga lekwalo ka boferefere, kgotsa ba dirisa ditshwantsho ka tsela e e kgoreletsang.

White-haired elderly gentleman in suit and tie speaks at a podium.
Mmegadikgang wa MoAmerika John Seigenthaler (1927–2014), setlhogo sa tiragalo ya buka ya botshelo jwa ga Seigenthaler

Tshenyo e e bonalang ka kakaretso e motlhofo go ka ntshiwa mo dikwalong tsa Wikipedia; nako ya bogare ya go e lemoga le go e baakanya ke metsotso e le mmalwa. Le fa go ntse jalo, tshenyo ye nngwe e tsaya lobaka thata go ka lemogwa le go baakanngwa.

Mo tiragalong ya buka ya botshelo jwa ga Seigenthaler, mokwadi mongwe yo o neng a ipipile leina a sa itsiwe o ne a tsenya kgang ye e e seng boammaaruri mo lekwalong la botshelo jwa moeteledipele wa sepolotiki wa Amerika e bong John Seigenthaler ka Motsheganong 2005, a mo kaya mo go maaka jaaka mmelaelwa wa polao ya ga John F. Kennedy . E ne ya nna e sa baakanngwa dikgwedi di le nne. Seigenthaler, mookamedi yo o simolotseng USA Today le motlhami wa lekgotlana la kgololesego ya Lekalana la Phetolo ya Ntlha kwa Sekolo sa dithuto tse dikgolwane sa Vanderbilt, o ne a leletsa motlhami-mmogo wa Wikipedia e bong Jimmy Wales mme a mmotsa gore a o na le tsela epe ya go itse gore ke mang yo o tsentseng kgang ye e senang boammaaruri yeo. Wales o ne a re ga itse, le fa mong wa molato a ne a feleletsa a latedisiwa. [13] [14] Morago ga tiragalo e, Seigenthaler o ne a tlhalosa Wikipedia e le "sedirisiwa sa patlisiso se se nang le diphoso gape se sena maikarabelo". Tiragalo e e ne ya dira gore go dirwe diphetogo tsa melawana kwa Wikipedia tsa go gagamatsa go netefadiwa ga dikwalo tse di buang ka matshelo a batho ba ba tshelang. [15]

Dikganetsano le dintwa tsa go tlaleletsa dikwalo

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Bakwadi ba Wikipedia gantsi ba na le go sa dumalane mabapi le diteng, tse di ka tlotliwang mo ditsebeng tsa Puisano tsa dikwalo. Dikganetsano di ka felela ka diphetogo tse di gaisanang gangwe le gape mo dikwalong, tse di bidiwang "ntwa ya go tlaleletsa". [16] E bonwa ke botlhe jaaka seemo se se senyang didirisiwa mme go sena kitso epe e e mosola e e tsengwang, [17] gape e a kgalwa ka e tsewa e dira ngwao ya gore bakwadi ba nne le kgaisano e nang le kgotlhang [18] se se amangwang le dikarolo tsa bong tsa banna tsa setso . [19] [20] Dipatlisiso di itebagantse thata le, sekai, go tlhoka botho ka dikganetsano, [21] [22] tlhotlheletso ya dikampa tsa bakwadi tse di gaisanang, [23] [24] popego ya dipuisano, [25] le phetogo ya dikgotlhang go tlhoma mogopolo mo metsweding. [26] [27]

Taha Yasseri wa Sekolo sa dithuto tse dikgolwane sa Oxford o ne a sekaseka dikgotlhang tsa go tlaleletsa/kwala dikwalo le go rarabololwa ga tsone mo patlisisong ya 2013. [28] Yasseri o ne a nganga gore go boela morago mo go bonolo fela kgotsa ditiro tsa "go dirolola" e ne e se selekanyo se se botlhokwa thata sa boitshwaro jo bo sa siamang jwa tiro kwa Wikipedia. O ne a ikaegile boemong jwa seo ka leano la "bakwadi ba le babedi ba bereka mmogo go boela ditlaleletso morago", le e leng gore mokwadi a le mongwe o tlaabo a busetsa morago go tlaleletsa ga mokwadi yo mongwe yo morago ga moo, ka tatelano, a boelang go busetsa tlaleletso ya mokwadi wa ntlha morago. Maduo a ne a tsenngwa mo lenaneong la diphetolelo di le mmalwa tsa dipuo tsa Wikipedia. Dikgotlhang tsa dipalo tse tharo tse di tona mo Wikipedia ya Sekgoa e ne e le tsa dikwalo tsa ga George W. Bush, botlhokapuso, le Muhammad . [28] Fa go bapisiwa, mo Wikipedia ya Jeremane, dikgotlhang tsa dipalo tse tharo tse di tona ka nako ya patlisiso e ne e le tsa dikwalo tse di neng di bua ka Croatia, Scientology, le megopolo ka tiragalo ya 9/11 . [28] Ka 2020, babatlisisi ba ne ba supa dikgato tse dingwe ka maitsholo a bakwadi, go feta go boela morago ditlaleletso ka bobedi, go supa dikgotlhang tsa go tlaleletsa dikwalo go ralala Wikipedia. [27]

Bakwadi gape ba ngangisana ka go phimolwa ga dikwalo mo Wikipedia, ka dingangisano tse di ntseng jalo di ka nna dikete di le makgolo a le matlhano fa e sa le Wikipedia e simololwa go tloga ka 2019. Fa lekwalo le sena go tlhophiwa go phimolwa, kganetsano gantsi e laolwa ke ditlhopo tsa ntlha (gore a le bolokwe kgotsa le phimolwe) le ka go umaka melawana ya tse di rileng tsa setlhogo. [29]

Melao le diteng

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Wikipedia e na le mafelo a maina a a farologaneng a le lesome le bongwe mme dikwalo tsa yone di teng mo lefelong la maremelelo . Mafelo a mangwe a maina a na le ketapele pele ga setlhogo sa tsebe ya one mme a diragatsa maikaelelo a a farologaneng. Sekai, lefelo la maina a lenaneo le o a dirisa ketapele ya Wikipedia mme gape le dirisediwa dipuisano tse di amanang le go ipusa. Bontsi jwa babadi ga ba itse ka mafelo a a mangwe a maina. [30]

Melaometheo ya morafe wa badirisi ba Wikipedia e akareditswe mo "Dipilara tse Tlhano", fa melaometheo e e tseneletseng ya go tlaleletsa dikwalo e tlhagisiwa mo melaong le dikaedi tse dintsi tse di diretsweng go bopa diteng mo go tshwanetseng. Dipilara tse tlhano tseo ke:

  • Wikipedia ke ensaetlolopedia
  • Wikipedia e kwadilwe ka tsela e e sa tseyeng letlhakore
  • Diteng tsa Wikipedia ke tsa mahala tse mongwe le mongwe a ka di dirisang, a di tlaleletsa, le go di anamisa
  • Bakwadi ba Wikipedia ba tshwanetse go tshwarana ka tlotlo le maitseo
  • Wikipedia ga e na melao e e kgopo

Melao e e tlhamilweng ke badirisi e bolokwa mo lefelong la maina la Wikipedia, mme bakwai ba Wikipedia ba kwala le go tlhabolola melao le dikaelo tsa webosaete go ya ka tumalano ya badirisi. [31] Kwa tshimologong, melao ya dikgatiso tse e seng tsa Sekgoa tsa Wikipedia e ne e beilwe mo thanolong ya melao ya Wikipedia ya Sekgoa. Fa e sa le ka nako eo e ile ya fapoga golo gongwe.

Melao ya diteng le dikaelo

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Go ya ka melao ya morafe wa badirisi ba Wikipedia ya Sekgoa, lekwalo lengwe le lengwe mo Wikipedia le tshwanetse go nna le setlhogo se se maleba go nna mo ensaetlolopedia mme e se lekwalo le le kwadilweng kana le utlwalega jaaka buka ya tlhaloso ya mafoko. Setlhogo gape se tshwanetse go fitlhelela maemo a Wikipedia a "notability", se se rayang gore setlhogo se tshwanetse gore a bo se kile sa akarediwa thata mo metsweding e e ikanyegang e e ikemetseng ka nosi mo setlhogong sa lekwalo leo. [32]Wikipedia e ikaeletse go fetisa fela kitso e e setseng e tlhomilwe gape e lemogwa ka jalo ga e a tshwanela go tlhagisa dipatlisiso tsa ntlha tsa setlhogo sa palo. [33]Ditlhogo tsa dipalo tse dingwe, jaaka tsa mapolotiki le barutegi, di na le melwana e e kgethegileng. [32]La bofelo, Wikipedia e tshwanetse go supa karolo e e sa tseyeng letlhakore. Se se fitlhelelwa ka go soboka metswedi e e ikanyegang, go dirisa puo e e sa tseyeng letlhakore, le go tlhomamisa gore go tlhagisiwa dintlha tse dintsintsi go ikaegile ka gore di tlhagelela go le kana kang. Dikgang/kitso gape e tshwanetse gore a bo e ka netefadiwa. [34]Lekwalo le le senang dinopolo le ka nna la tshwaiwa kgotsa la phimolwa gotlhelele. [35]Se ka dinako tse dingwe se ka dira gore go phimolwe lekwalo(tshedimosetso) , le fa e le boammaaruri, e le gore ga e na metswedi sentle. [36] Jaaka fa melao ya Wikipedia e ntse e fetoga mo tsamaong ya nako, gape e nna dingalo, palo ya yone e ile ya gola. Ka 2008, go ne go na le ditsebe tsa melao di le masome a mane le bone le ditsebe tsa dikaelo di le makgolo a mabedi le masome a le mane le boferabobedi (248); ka 2013, barutegi ba ne ba bala ditsebe tsa melao di le makgolo a le mararo le masome a le boferabobedi le boraro (383) le ditsebe tsa dikaelo di le makgolo a le mane le masome a le mane le boferabongwe (449). [4]

Tsamaiso/Puso

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Puso ya ntlha ya Wikipedia e ne ya kopanya dikarolo tsa puso ya batho ka batho le tsa tatelano ya maemo fa nako e ntse e tsamaya. [37] [38] Lekwalo ga le tsewe e le la motlhami wa lone kgotsa mokwadi ope yo mongwe, le fa e le yo go buiwang ka ene (setlhogo) mo go lone. Bakwadi ba ba mo maemong a a siameng mo morafeng ww badirisi ba ka kopa ditshwanelo tse dingwe tsa bodirisi, se se ka ba nayang bokgoni jwa setegeniki jwa go dira ditiro dingwe tse di kgethegileng. Ditshwanelo dingwe tsa bodirisi di neelwa ka go itirisa (automatically), jaaka ditlhopha tse di netefaditsweng ka go itirisa le tse di netefaditsweng tse di atolositsweng, fa dingwaga tsa akhaonte le diphetogo tsa dikwalo tse di batliwang di fitlhelelwa. [2]

Batsamaisi

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Bakwadi ba ba nang le kitso ya bodirisi ba ka tlhopha go tsenelela ditlhopho tsa " botsamaisi ", jo bo akaretsang bokgoni jwa go phimola ditsebe kgotsa go di thibela gore di se ka tsa fetolwa mo dikgetseng tsa tshenyo e e masisi kgotsa dikgotlhang tsa dikwalo. Batsamaisi ga ba a tshwanela go nna le dithata dipe tse di kgethegileng tsa go dira ditshwetso; go na le seo, dithata tsa bone di lekanyeditswe thata mo go direng diphetogo tse di botlhokwa thata tsa mananeo mme ka jalo ga di letlelelwe bakwadi ba ba tlwaelesegileng, le go diragatsa dithibelo tse di ikaeletseng go thibela bakwadi ba ba kgoreletsang go dira diphetogo tse di senang mosola. [W 11]

Ka 2012, bakwadi ba le mmalwa ba ne ba nna batsamaisi fa ba bapisiwa le dingwaga tsa pele tsa Wikipedia, bontlhabongwe jwa lobaka la kgang e e le gore thulaganyo ya go tlhatlhoba batsamaisi ba ba ka nnang teng e ne e setse e gagametse thata. [39] Ka 2022, go ne ga nna le kopo e e neng ya baka dikganetsano thata ya botsamaisi ka ga maikutlo a ntlhopheng yo o neng a le kgatlhanong le Trump; kwa bofelong, ba ne ba newa botsamaisi. [40]

Tharabololo ya dikgotlhang

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Mo tsamaong ya nako, Wikipedia e tlhamile thulaganyo ya go rarabolola dikgotlhang e e sa tlhomamang tota-tota. Go tlhomamisa tumalano gareng ga morafe wa badirisi, bakwadi ba ka tlhagisa dikgang kwa makgotlaneng a badirisi a a maleba, ba batla dikakgelo kwa ntle ka dikopo tsa maikutlo a boraro, kgotsa ba simolola dipuisano tsa morafe wa badirisi ka kakaretso, yo o bidiwang "kopo ya kakgelo", e mo go yone di-bot di tsenyang puisano eo mo lenaneong le le kopantsweng la dipuisano, mme bakwadi a bo ba lalediwa go tsaya karolo, mme morago ba sutlhe puisano eo mo lenaneong morago ga malatsi a le masome a boraro. Le fa go ntse jalo, bakwadi ba na le tshwanelo ya go tswala (le go sutlha) puisano eo pele kgotsa morago ga nako. Fa maduo a puisano a sa bonale sentle, mokwadi yo o gaufi yo o sa amegeng yo gantsi a leng mo maemong a a siameng a ka ntsha katlholo go ya ka maatla a mabaka a a ntshiwang le palo ya batho ba ba ngangisanang mo matlhakoreng otlhe. [41] Badirisi ba Wikipedia ba gatelela gore thulaganyo e ga se go tlhopha ka go umaka dipego tsa maikutlo mo dipuisanong tseo jaaka "!vote", e mo go lone letshwao la kgakgamatso e leng letshwao la go ganetsa ka tsela e e utlwalang mme le bidiwa "nnyaa". [42]

Wikipedia e rotloetsa ditharabololo tsa dikgotlhang, tse Jemielniak a reng di kgethegile thata mo dithutong tsa mokgatlho, le fa go nnile le kgatlhego ya bosheng jaana mo go ageng tumalano mo lephateng le. [43] Reagle le Sue Gardner ba nganga gore mekgwa ya go aga tumalano e tshwana le e e dirisiwang ke ba-Quakers . [43](p62)Pharologanyo le diphuthego tsa ba-Quaker ke go tlhoka motsamaisi fa go na le go sa dumalana, e leng seabe se se tshamekiwang ke mokwaledi mo diphuthegong tsa Ba-Quaker. [43](p83)

Komiti ya Katlholo

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Komiti ya Katlholo e okametse thulaganyo ya bofelo ya tharabololo ya dikgotlhang. Le fa gantsi dikgotlhang di tsoga ka ntlha ya go sa dumalane ka megopolo e mebedi e e ganetsanang ka lekwalo le tshwanetseng go balega ka teng, Komiti ya Katlholo e gana tota ka go dira tshwetso ka tlhamalalo ka mogopolo yo o tshwanetseng go amogelwa. [44]

Ditshekatsheko tsa dipalopalo di supa gore komiti ya Wikipedia ya Sekgoa e itlhokomolosa diteng tsa dikgotlhang mme go na le moo e remelela thata mo goreng dikgotlhang di tsamaisiwe jang, e sa dire thata go rarabolola dikgotlhang le go dira kagiso fa gare ga bakwadi ba ba ganetsenang, mme e ntsha bakwadi ba ba dingalo e ntse e letla bakwadi ba tlhaga go boela go tsaya karolo gape. [44] Ka jalo, komiti ga e laole diteng tsa dikwalo, le fa ka dinako tse dingwe e kgala diphetogo tsa diteng fa e tsaya gore diteng tse disha di tlola melao ya Wikipedia (sekai, fa diteng tse disha di tsewa di tsaya letlhakore).[lower-alpha 3] Ditharabololo tse di dirisiwang gantsi di akaretsa dikgalemo le go beewa leitlho thata( di dirisiwa mo dikgetseng di le masome a le marataro le boraro mo lekgolong (63%)) le go kobela ruri bakwadi mo dikwalong (masome a le mane le boraro mo lekgolong (43%)), dikgang tsa setlhogo (masome a le mabedi le boraro mo lekgolong (23%)), kgotsa mo Wikipedia (lesome le borataro mo lekgolong(16%)). [44] Go kobelwa ruri mo go feletseng mo Wikipedia gantsi go beetswe fela dikgetse di tshwana le go ipaya o le motho yo mongwe le boitshwaro jwa go sa dirisana le batho ba bangwe sentle . Fa boitshwaro e se go ipaya o le motho yo mongwe kgotsa go nna kgatlhanong le go tshela sentle le batho ba bangwe, mme e le jwa dintwa tsa dikwalo le go roba melao e mengwe ya go tlaleletsa/kwala dikwalo, ditharabololo di na le go ema ka dikgalemo fela. [44]

Morafe wa badirisi

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Setshwantsho sa motshikinyego saWikimania 2005Tempolete:Sndbokopano jwa ngwaga le ngwaga jwa badirisi ba Wikipedia le mananeo a mangwe a a tsamaisiwang ke Mokgatlho wa Wikimedia, o ne o tshwaretswe kwa Frankfurt am Main, kwa Jeremane, ka Phatwe a le malatsi a le mane go fitlhela a le boferabobedi.

Lekwalo lengwe le lengwe le modirisi mongwe le mongwe wa Wikipedia o na le tsebe e a amanang le yone gape e e kgethegileng ya "puo". Dilo tse di bopa tsela ya konokono ya dipuisano gore bakwadi ba kgone go abelana megopolo, go rulaganya le go ngangisana. [45] Morafe wa Wikipedia o tlhalositswe fa o tswana le setlhopha sa bodumedi, [46] le fa go sa tewe ka mekgwa e e sa lolamang fela ka dinako tsotlhe.[47] Go rata go nna seoposengwe ga one, le fa go tlhoka go mpampetsa mo go akaretsang go tlhokomologa dintlha tsa go itshupa, go biditswe " go nna kgatlhanong le go itseela kwa maemong a a kwa godimo " . [W 12]

Badiri ba Wikipedia le batlhokomedi ba Motlobo wa ditso wa Borithane ba dirisana mmogo mo lekwalong la Hoxne Hoard ka Seetebosigo 2010.

Wikipedia ga e tlhoke gore bakwadi ba yone le ba na le seabe ba itshupe gore ke bomang. Fa Wikipedia e ntse e gola, potso ya "Ke mang yo o kwalang Wikipedia?" e ne ya nna nngwe ya dipotso tse di neng di botswa thata teng.[48] Jimmy Wales o kile a bolela gore ke fela "morafe ... setlhopha se se ineetseng sa baithaopi ba le makgolo a le mmalwa" se se dirang bontsi jwa ditshwaelo mo Wikipedia le gore ka jalo lenaneo le "le tshwana fela le mokgatlho mongwe le mongwe yo o tlwaelesegileng". [49] Ka Wikipedia e ikaegile ka tiro ya boithaopo, bakwadi gantsi ba remelela mo dikgannyeng tse di ba kgatlhang. [50]

Wikipedia ya Sekgoa e na le dikwalo di le didikadile di le bosupa le dikete di le makgolo a mabedi le boferabongwe le masome a le matlhano le bone (Tempolete:Self-reference link), bakwadi ba ba kwadisitsweng ba le didikadike di le masome a matlhano le boraro le dikete di le makgolo a marataro le masome a le bosupa le botlhano le makgolo a le mararo le masome a le mane le bongwe (Tempolete:Self-reference link), le bakwadi ba ba ba tlhaga ba dinako tsotlhe ba le dikete di le makgolo a mabedi le masome a le mane le boferabongwe le makgolo a le mararo le masome a le boferabobedi le bosupa( Tempolete:Self-reference link ). Mokwadi o tsewa a le tlhaga fa a dirile phetogo/tlaleletso e le nngwe kgotsa go feta mo malatsing a le masome a mararo a a fetileng. Bakwadi ba ba palelwang ke go sela morago mekgwa ya Wikipedia, e e tshwanang le go saena ditshwaelo tsa tsebe ya puisano, ba ka supa ka tlhamalalo gore ke batho ba ba tswang kwa ntle ga Wikipedia, mme se sa oketsa kgonagalo ya gore badirisi ba ba mo teng ga Wikipedia ba ka nna ba lebisa kgotsa ba fokotsa ditshwaelo tsa bone. Go nna modirisi yo o mo teng ga Wikipedia go akaretsa ditshenyegelo tse di sa reng sepe: motsaakarolo o solofetswe go ithuta dikhoutu tsa maranyane tse di rileng tsa Wikipedia, go ineela mo thulaganyong e ka dinako dingwe e leng dingalo ya go rarabolola dikgotlhang, le go ithuta "ngwao e e makatsang e e humileng metlae le dikakgelo tsa mo teng". [51] Bakwadi ba ba sa tseneng mo teng ga ensaetlolopedia ke " badirisi ba maemo a bobedi " mo Wikipedia ka tsela nngwe, [51] ka gonne "batsayakarolo ba amogetswe semmuso ke maloko a morafe wa wiki, ba ba nang le kgatlhego e e tseneletseng mo go somareleng boleng jwa tiro e e ntshiwang, go lebilwe go nna le seabe ga bone mo go tswelelang", [52] mme ditso tsa go nna le seabe tsa bakwadi ba ba sa itsiweng ba sa ikwadisa mme ba lemogwa ka . diaterese tsa bone fela ga di amane le mokwadi ope ka tlhomamo. [52] Bakwadi ba basha gantsi ba sokola go tlhaloganya marara a Wikipedia. Bakwadi ba ba nang le maitemogelo/kitso ba rotloediwa gore ba seka ba "tlhasela" badirisi ba ba sha gore ba kgone go dira mowa wa go amogela batho. [53]

Dipatlisiso

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Patlisiso ya 2007 e e dirilweng ke babatlisisi go tswa kwa Dartmouth College e bone gore "badirisi ba ba sa itsiweng le ba ba sa tseyeng karolo thata mo Wikipedia ... ke motswedi o o ikanyegang wa kitso fela jaaka badirisi ba ba ikwadisang mo saeteng e". [54] Jimmy Wales o boletse ka 2009 gore "[Go] bonala gore go feta sephatlo mo lekgolong (50%) ya diphetogo tsotlhe di dirwa ke 0.7% fela ya badirisi ... Batho ba le makgolo a matlhano le masome a mabedi le bone ... Mme tota, bobedi mo lekgolong (2%) e etlhaga thata, e leng batho ba le sekete le makgolo a mane , ba dirile 73.4% ya diphetogo tsotlhe." [49] Le fa go ntse jalo, morulaganyi wa Business Insider gape e le mmegadikgang Henry Blodget o bontshitse ka 2009 gore mo bontlhengbongwe jwa dikwalo tse di tlhophilweng fela go sena lenaneo, bontsi jwa diteng tsa Wikipedia (tse di lekanngwang ka selekanyo sa mokwalo o o tsentsweng o o sa ntseng o le teng go fitlha ka sampole ya bosheng) di tlhamilwe ke "batho ba ba tswang kwa ntle", fa bontsi jwa go kwala le go fomata go dirwa ke "badirisi ba ba mo teng". [49]

Ka 2008, setlhogo sa bukana ya ditshwantsho le dikgang ya Slate e ne ya bega gore "bongwe fela mo lekgolong la badirisi ba Wikipedia ke bone ba ba dirang mo e ka nnang sephatlo sa diphetogo tsa saete e." [55] Mokgwa o wa go sekaseka go tsaa karolo o ne wa ganetswa morago ke Aaron Swartz, yo o neng a lemotsha gore dikwalo di le mmalwa tse a neng a di tsaya disampole di ne di na le dikarolo tse ditona tsa diteng tsa tsone (tse di lekanngwang ka palo ya ditlhaka) tse di neng di dirilwe ke badirisi ba ba nang le dipalo tse di kwa tlase tsa bokwadi/go tlaleletsa.[56] Thutopatlisiso ya 2008 e fitlhetse gore batho ba Wikipedia ba ne ba sa dumalane thata, ba sa bulegela megopolo, e bile ba se kelo-tlhoko go feta ba bangwe, [57] le fa kakgelo morago e ne ya supa diphoso tse di masisi, di akaretsa gore phatliso e ne e supa go bulegela megopolo mo go kwa godimo le gore dipharologano tsa setlhopha sa taolo le disampole di ne di le dinnye. [58] Go ya ka patlisiso ya 2009, go na le "bosupi jwa kganetso e e golang go tswa mo morafeng wa badirisi ba Wikipedia mabapi le diteng tse disha". [59]

Kabakanyo ya badirisi

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Dipatlisiso di le mmalwa di supile gore bontsi jwa batsaakarolo ba ba ithaopileng mo Wikipedia ke banna. Maduo a patlisiso ya Mokgatlho wa Wikimedia ka 2008 a supile gore bakwadi ba Wikipedia ba le lesome le boraro mo lekgolong(13%) fela e ne e le basadi. [60] Ka ntlha ya se, dikolo tsa dithuto tse di kgolwane go ralala United States di ne tsa leka go kgothatsa basadi go nna batsaakarolo ba Wikipedia. [61] Ka tsela e e tshwanang, bontsi jwa dikolo tse di kgolwane tse, di akaretsa Yale le Brown, di ne di akgola baithuti ba ba tlhamang kgotsa ba ba tlaleletsa lekwalo le le amanang le basadi mo go tsa maranyane kgotsa mafaratlhatlha.[61] Andrew Lih, morutintshi-mogolo gape e le mankge wa maranyane, o ne a re lebaka la go bo a ne a akanya gore palo ya banna ba ba nang le seabe e feta palo ya basadi thata ke ka gore go itshupa o le mosadi go ka nna ga dira gore motho a ipeye mo kotsing ya "boitshwaro jo bo maswe, jo bo tshosang". [62] Dipego di supile gore MaAforika a emetswe ke dipalo tse di kwa tlase tsa bakwadi mo Wikipedia. [63]

Dikgatiso tsa dipuo

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Mo bogompienong, go na le dikgatiso tsa dipuo di le makgolo a mararo le masome a mane le bosupa (347) tsa Wikipedia (tse gape di bidiwang diphetolelo tsa puo, kgotsa fela Wikipedias ). Go tloga ka Phukwi 2026, di-Wikipedia tse thataro tse dikgolo, ka tatelano ya palo ya dikwalo, ke tsa Sekgoa (Tempolete:Wikipedia rank by size/WP), Tempolete:Wikipedia rank by size/WP, Sejeremane Tempolete:Wikipedia rank by size/WP, Sefora Tempolete:Wikipedia rank by size/WP, Tempolete:Wikipedia rank by size/WP, le Tempolete:Wikipedia rank by size/WP . [W 13] DiWikipedia tsa bobedi le ya botlhano ka botona di beilwe mo maemong ao ke bot e e tlhamang dikwalo ya Lsjbot, e ka go tloga ka ngwaga wa 2013 e neng e tlhamile dikwalo di tsamaela sephatlo mo Wikipedia ya Se-Swedish, le bontsi jwa dikwalo mo Wikipedia ya Se-Cebuano le ya Se-Waray . Dipuo tse ka bobedi ke tsa Philippines .

Mo godimo ga tse thataro tse di kwa godimo, di-Wikipedia tse dingwe di le lesome le bobedi di na le dikwalo tse di fetang sedikadike nngwe le nngwe ya tsone ( SeTempolete:Wikipedia rank by size/WP, SeTempolete:Wikipedia rank by size/WP, SeTempolete:Wikipedia rank by size/WP, SeTempolete:Wikipedia rank by size/WP, Tempolete:Wikipedia rank by size/WP, Tempolete:Wikipedia rank by size/WP, Tempolete:Wikipedia rank by size/WP, Tempolete:Wikipedia rank by size/WP, Tempolete:Wikipedia rank by size/WP, Tempolete:Wikipedia rank by size/WP Tempolete:Wikipedia rank by size/WP, Tempolete:Wikipedia rank by size/WP Tempolete:Wikipedia rank by size/WP, le Tempolete:Wikipedia rank by size/WP ), tse dingwe di le bosupa go feta di na le dikwalo tse di fetang dikete di le makgolo a matlhano Tempolete:Wikipedia rank by size/WP, Tempolete:Wikipedia rank by size/WP, Tempolete:Wikipedia rank by size/WP, le Tempolete:Wikipedia rank by size/WP ), tse dingwe tse di masome a mane le bone ba di na le tse di fetang dikete di le lekgolo , mme di le masome a boferabobedi le bobedi di na le tse di fetang dikete di le lesome. [W 13] E e tona go gaisa, Wikipedia ya Sekgoa, e na le dikwalo di feta didikadike di le bosupa le dikete di le makgolo a mabedi (7.2 million). Go tloga go ema ka Firikgong 2021, Wikipedia ya Sekgoa e amogela masome a le mane le boferabobedi mo lekgolong (48%) ya pharakano e e kokoantsweng ya Wikipedia, mme palo e e setseng e kgaogantswe mo gareng ga dipuo tse dingwe. Dikgatiso tse di kwa godimo di le lesome di emela mo e ka nnang masome a le boferabobedi le botlhano mo lekgolong (85%) ya pharakano yotlhe.

Ka Wikipedia e beilwe mo Webo ka jalo e le ya lefatshe ka bophara, batsaakarolo mo kgatisong e le nngwe ya puo ba ka nna ba dirisa diteme (tsa puo e le nngwe) tse di farologaneng kgotsa ba ka tswa ba tswa kwa mafatsheng a a farologaneng (jaaka go ntse ka kgatiso ya Sekgoa).[ citation needed ] Dipharologano tse di ka baka dikgotlhang dingwe ka ga dipharologano tsa go peleta (sekao, colour kgatlhanong le color ) [W 14] kgotsa matlhakore. [W 15]

Le fa dikgatiso tse di farologaneng tsa dipuo di tshegetswa ka melao ya lefatshe lotlhe jaaka " pono e e sa tseyeng letlhakore ", di farologana mo dintlheng dingwe tsa melao le tiriso, segolobogolo mo go reng a ditshwantsho tse di sa newang teseletso ka kgololesego di ka dirisiwa ka maikaelelo a tiriso e e siameng . [W 16] [64] Diteng tsa dikwalo tse di buang ka setlhogo se le sengwe di ka farologana thata magareng ga dipuo, go ikaegile ka gore bakwadi ba dirisa metswedi efe le mabaka a mangwe. [65]

Jimmy Wales o tlhalositse Wikipedia jaaka "maiteko a go tlhama le go anamisa ensaetlolopedia ya mahala ya boleng jo bo kwa godimo jo kgonegang mo mothong mongwe le mongwe mo lefatsheng ka puo ya gagwe". Le fa kgatiso nngwe le nngwe ya puo e dira e ikemetse ilka nosi, go dirwa maiteko mangwe a go di okamela tsotlhe. Di golagantswe ka bontlhabongwe ke Meta-Wiki, le wiki ya Mokgatlho wa Wikimedia e e neetsweng go tlhokomela mananeo otlhe a yone (Wikipedia le a mangwe). [W 17] Sekai, Meta-Wiki e fa dipalopalo tse di botlhokwa mo dikgatisong tsotlhe tsa puo tsa Wikipedia, [W 18] gape e tlhokomela lenaneo la dikwalo tse Wikipedia nngwe le nngwe e tshwanetseng go nna le tsone. [W 19] Lenaneo le le amana le diteng tsa kwa tshimologong tsa dithuto: bayokerafi, ditso, dithuto tsa dipopego tsa lefatshe, tsa setšhaba, setso, maranyane, mafaratlhatlha, le dipalo. [W 19] Ga go thona gore dikwalo tse di amanang thata le puo e e rileng di se ka tsa nna le tse di tshwanang le tsone mo kgatisong e nngwe. Sekai, dikwalo tse di buang ka ditoropo tse dinnye kwa United States di ka nna tsa nna teng fela ka Sekgoa, le fa di fitlhelela ditlhokego tse di kgethegileng tsa mananeo a Wikipedia tsa dipuo tse dingwe.

Palo kakanyetso ya botsaakarolo go tswa mo dikgaolong tse di farologaneng mo lefatsheng lotlhe ka bophara go ya kwa dikgatisong tse di farologaneng tsa Wikipedia [66]

Dikwalo tse di ranotsweng di emela fela karolo e nnye ya dikwalo mo dikgatisong di le dintsi, ka gore dikgatiso tseo ga di letlelele gore dikwalo di ranolwe ka botlalo mo go itirisang (automated). Dikwalo tse di leng teng ka dipuo tse di fetang bongwe di ka fa "dikgokagano tsa interwiki", tse di golaganyang le dikwalo tse di tshwanang le tsone mo dikgatisong tse dingwe. [67] [W 20]

Thuto-patlisiso e e gatisitsweng ke PLOS One ka 2012 le yone e ne ya nna le palo kakanyetso ya dikarolo tsa go nna le seabe mo dikgatisong tse di farologaneng tsa Wikipedia go tswa kwa dikgaolong tse di farologaneng tsa lefatshe. E ne ya bega gore selekanyo sa diphetogo tse di dirilweng go tswa kwa Amerika Bokone e ne e le masome a le matlhano le bongwe mo lekgolong (51%) mo Wikipedia ya Sekgoa, le masome a le mabedi le botlhano mo lekgolong (25%) mo Wikipedia ya Sekgoa e e motlhofo . [66]

Dipalo tsa bakwadi ba Wikipedia ya Sekgoa

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Ka Mopitlo a rogwa, 2014, The Economist, mo lekwalong la setlhogo sa "Isago ya Wikipedia", e ne ya umaka tshekatsheko e e amanang le tshedimosetso e e gatisitsweng ke Mokgatlho wa Wikimedia e e bolelang gore "palo ya bakwadi ba mofuta wa puo ya Sekgoa e wetse tlase ka nngwetharong mo dingwageng di le bosupa." [68] Seelo sa go tlhokafala ga bakwadi ba ba tlhaga mo Wikipedia ya Sekgoa se ne sa umakiwa ke The Economist jaaka se se farologaneng thata le dipalopalo tsa Wikipedia e e mo dipuong tse dingwe (Wikipedia e e seng ya Sekgoa). The Economist e ne ya bega gore palo ya ba na le seabe ba ba nang le palogare ya diphetogo di le tlhano kgotsa go feta ka kgwedi e ne e eme golo go le gongwe fa e sale ka 2008 mo Wikipedia ya dipuo tse dingwe, e le bakwadi ba ka nna dikete di masome a mane le bobedi (42 000) mo gare ga dipharologano tse e seng tsa sepe tsa dipaka tsa bakwadi ba ka nna dikete di le pedi go ya kwa godimo kgotsa kwa tlase. Palo ya bakwadi ba ba tlhaga mo Wikipedia ya Sekgoa, fa e bapisiwa mo go tsepameng, e ne ya umakiwa e le kwa setlhoeng ka 2007 e tsamaela dikete di le masome a matlhano (50,000) mme ya wela kwa tlase go nna dikete di le masome a mararo (30,000) kwa tshimologong ya 2014. [68]

Go farologana le seo, tshekatsheko ya Wikipedia ka dipuo tse dingwe (Wikipedia e e seng ya Sekgoa) e supa katlego mo go tshwareng bakwadi ba ba tlhaga ka tsela e e kgonang go ntšhwafadiwa le e e tswelelang, ka dipalo tsa bone di nna di sa fetoge di nna fela fa diketeng di le masome mane le bobedi. Ga gona kakgelo epe e e dirilweng mabapi le maemo a a farologaneng a melao ya bokwadi mo Wikipedia ka dipuo tse dingwe (Wikipedia e e seng ya Sekgoa) e ka ntshang tsela e nngwe e e kgonegang mo Wikipedia ya Sekgoa go tokafatsa sentle dielo tsa go tlhokafala ga bakwadi mo Wikipedia ya puo ya Sekgoa. [68]

  1. ↑ Sanger, Larry (January 10, 2001). "Let's Make a Wiki". Internet Archive. https://www.nupedia.com/pipermail/nupedia-l/2001-January/000676.html.
  2. ↑ "[long] Enciclopedia Libre: msg#00008". Osdir. Archived from the original on October 6, 2008. Retrieved December 26, 2008.
  3. ↑ Vibber, Brion (August 16, 2002). "Brion VIBBER at pobox.com". Wikimedia. Archived from the original on June 20, 2014. Retrieved December 8, 2020.
  4. ↑ Editors of Wikipedia. "Wikipedia:Modelling Wikipedia extended growth". Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. Wikimedia Foundation. Archived from the original on August 26, 2011. Retrieved January 23, 2023.
  5. ↑ Editors of Meta-Wiki. "Talk:Science Hypertextbook project". Wikimedia Meta-Wiki. Archived from the original on March 19, 2023. Retrieved February 4, 2023.
  6. ↑ Editors of Wikiversity. "Wikiversity:History of Wikiversity". Wikiversity. Wikimedia Foundation. Archived from the original on July 24, 2015. Retrieved February 4, 2023.
  7. ↑ Roth, Matthew (March 30, 2012). "The Wikipedia data revolution". Diff. Wikimedia Foundation. Archived from the original on February 10, 2023. Retrieved February 4, 2023.
  8. ↑ "Wikimedia Traffic Analysis Report – Wikipedia Page Views Per Country". Wikimedia Foundation. Archived from the original on October 20, 2011. Retrieved March 8, 2015.
  9. ↑ "SOPA/Blackoutpage". Wikimedia Foundation. Archived from the original on June 22, 2018. Retrieved January 19, 2012.
  10. ↑ "Wikipedia Gets a Fresh New Look: First Desktop Update in a Decade Puts Usability at the Forefront". Wikimedia Foundation. January 18, 2023. https://wikimediafoundation.org/news/2023/01/18/wikipedia-gets-a-fresh-new-look-first-desktop-update-in-a-decade-puts-usability-at-the-forefront/.
  11. ↑ Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named ":6".
  12. ↑ Sanger, Larry (December 31, 2004). "Why Wikipedia Must Jettison Its Anti-Elitism". Kuro5hin, Op–Ed. Archived from the original on November 1, 2021. Retrieved March 26, 2021. There is a certain mindset associated with unmoderated Usenet groups [...] that infects the collectively-managed Wikipedia project: if you react strongly to trolling, that reflects poorly on you, not (necessarily) on the troll. If you [...] demand that something be done about constant disruption by trollish behavior, the other listmembers will cry "censorship", attack you, and even come to the defense of the troll. [...] The root problem: anti-elitism, or lack of respect for expertise. There is a deeper problem [...] which explains both of the above-elaborated problems. Namely, as a community, Wikipedia lacks the habit or tradition of respect for expertise. As a community, far from being elitist, it is anti-elitist (which, in this context, means that expertise is not accorded any special respect, and snubs and disrespect of expertise are tolerated). This is one of my failures: a policy that I attempted to institute in Wikipedia's first year, but for which I did not muster adequate support, was the policy of respecting and deferring politely to experts. (Those who were there will, I hope, remember that I tried very hard.)
  13. 1 2 "Wikipedia:List of Wikipedias". Wikimedia Meta-Wiki. Archived from the original on December 24, 2018. Retrieved Phukwi 21, 2026.
  14. ↑ "Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Spelling". Wikipedia. Archived from the original on January 4, 2021. Retrieved November 6, 2023.
  15. ↑ "Wikipedia:WikiProject Countering systemic bias". Wikipedia. Archived from the original on January 4, 2021. Retrieved December 11, 2023.
  16. ↑ "Non-free content". Wikimedia Meta-Wiki. Archived from the original on January 16, 2023. Retrieved January 27, 2023.
  17. ↑ "Meta-Wiki". Wikimedia Foundation. Archived from the original on July 14, 2013. Retrieved March 24, 2009.
  18. ↑ "Meta-Wiki Statistics". Wikimedia Foundation. Archived from the original on March 26, 2008. Retrieved March 24, 2008.
  19. 1 2 "List of articles every Wikipedia should have". Wikimedia Foundation. Archived from the original on March 21, 2008. Retrieved March 24, 2008.
  20. ↑ "Manual:Interwiki". MediaWiki. Wikimedia Foundation. Archived from the original on December 3, 2010. Retrieved January 27, 2023.
Cite error: <ref> tags exist for a group named "W", but no corresponding <references group="W"/> tag was found.
  1. ↑ As of April 2026, the Haitian Creole Wikipedia, with 72K articles, is in 91st place when ranked by number of articles.
  2. ↑ Revisions with libelous content, criminal threats, or copyright infringements may be removed completely.
  3. ↑ The committee may directly rule that a content change is inappropriate, but may not directly rule that certain content is inappropriate.
Cite error: <ref> tags exist for a group named "lower-alpha", but no corresponding <references group="lower-alpha"/> tag was found.
  1. ↑ Hafner, Katie (June 17, 2006). "Growing Wikipedia Refines Its 'Anyone Can Edit' Policy". The New York Times. https://www.nytimes.com/2006/06/17/technology/17wiki.html.
  2. 1 2 McDowell & Vetter 2022, pp. 12–13.
  3. ↑ Harrison, Stephen; Benjakob, Omer (January 14, 2021). "Wikipedia is twenty. It's time to start covering it better". Columbia Journalism Review. Archived from the original on January 17, 2023. Retrieved January 15, 2021.
  4. 1 2 Ren, Yuqing; Zhang, Haifeng; Kraut, Robert E. (February 29, 2024). "How Did They Build the Free Encyclopedia? A Literature Review of Collaboration and Coordination among Wikipedia Editors". ACM Transactions on Computer-Human Interaction. 31 (1): 1–48. doi:10.1145/3617369. ISSN 1073-0516. Archived from the original on September 12, 2024. Retrieved September 12, 2024.
  5. ↑ McDowell & Vetter 2022, p. 36.
  6. ↑ Henderson, William (December 10, 2012). "Wikipedia Has Figured Out A New Way To Stop Vandals In Their Tracks". Business Insider. https://www.businessinsider.com/pending-changes-safeguard-on-wikipedia-2012-12.
  7. ↑ Frewin, Jonathan (June 15, 2010). "Wikipedia unlocks divisive pages for editing". BBC News. https://www.bbc.com/news/10312095.
  8. ↑ Ajmani, Leah; Vincent, Nicholas; Chancellor, Stevie (September 28, 2023). "Peer Produced Friction: How Page Protection on Wikipedia Affects Editor Engagement and Concentration". Proceedings of the ACM on Human-Computer Interaction. 7 (CSCW2): 1–33. doi:10.1145/3610198. ISSN 2573-0142. Archived from the original on September 15, 2024. Retrieved September 15, 2024.
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  17. ↑ Kalyanasundaram, Arun; Wei, Wei; Carley, Kathleen M.; Herbsleb, James D. (December 2015). "An agent-based model of edit wars in Wikipedia: How and when is consensus reached". 2015 Winter Simulation Conference (WSC). Huntington Beach, CA: IEEE. pp. 276–287. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.715.2758. doi:10.1109/WSC.2015.7408171. ISBN 978-1-4673-9743-8.
  18. ↑ Suh, Bongwon; Convertino, Gregorio; Chi, Ed H.; Pirolli, Peter (2009). "The singularity is not near". Proceedings of the 5th International Symposium on Wikis and Open Collaboration. Orlando, FL: ACM Press. pp. 1–10. doi:10.1145/1641309.1641322. ISBN 978-1-60558-730-1.
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  21. ↑ Khazraie, Marzieh; Talebzadeh, Hossein (February 7, 2020). ""Wikipedia does NOT tolerate your babbling!": Impoliteness-induced conflict (resolution) in a polylogal collaborative online community of practice". Journal of Pragmatics. 163: 46–65. doi:10.1016/j.pragma.2020.03.009. Archived from the original on September 14, 2024. Retrieved September 15, 2024.
  22. ↑ Smirnov, Ivan; Oprea, Camelia; Strohmaier, Markus (December 1, 2023). Ognyanova, Katherine (ed.). "Toxic comments are associated with reduced activity of volunteer editors on Wikipedia". PNAS Nexus. 2 (12). doi:10.1093/pnasnexus/pgad385. ISSN 2752-6542. PMC 10697426. PMID 38059265. Archived from the original on October 7, 2024. Retrieved September 15, 2024. {{cite journal}}: Check |pmc= value (help); Check |pmid= value (help); Unknown parameter |article-number= ignored (help)
  23. ↑ Lerner, Jürgen; Lomi, Alessandro (December 21, 2020). "The free encyclopedia that anyone can dispute: An analysis of the micro-structural dynamics of positive and negative relations in the production of contentious Wikipedia articles". Social Networks. 60: 11–25. doi:10.1016/j.socnet.2018.12.003. Archived from the original on November 26, 2024. Retrieved September 15, 2024.
  24. ↑ Morris-O'Connor, Danielle A.; Strotmann, Andreas; Zhao, Dangzhi (April 4, 2023). "The colonization of Wikipedia: evidence from characteristic editing behaviors of warring camps". Journal of Documentation. 79 (3): 784–810. doi:10.1108/JD-04-2022-0090. ISSN 0022-0418. Archived from the original on October 20, 2023. Retrieved November 14, 2023.
  25. ↑ Ziembowicz, Karolina; Roszczyńska-Kurasińska, Magdalena; Rychwalska, Agnieszka; Nowak, Andrzej (October 3, 2022). "Predicting conflict-prone disputes using the structure of turn-taking: the case of Wikipedia". Information, Communication & Society. 25 (13): 1987–2005. doi:10.1080/1369118X.2021.1924224. ISSN 1369-118X. Archived from the original on October 7, 2024. Retrieved September 15, 2024.
  26. ↑ Chhabra, Anamika; Kaur, Rishemjit; Iyengar, S. R.S. (August 25, 2020). "Dynamics of Edit War Sequences in Wikipedia". Proceedings of the 16th International Symposium on Open Collaboration. ACM. pp. 1–10. doi:10.1145/3412569.3412585. ISBN 978-1-4503-8779-8. Archived from the original on September 15, 2024. Retrieved September 15, 2024.
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  66. ↑ Massa, Paolo; Scrinzi, Federico (January 4, 2013). "Manypedia: Comparing language points of view of Wikipedia communities". First Monday. 18 (1). doi:10.5210/fm.v18i1.3939.
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