Jurassic Park (movie)

Jurassic Park
Jurassic Park
	Official Logo
Directed by	Steven Spielberg
Screenplay by	Michael Crichton; David Koepp;
Based on	Jurassic Park; by Michael Crichton
Produced by	Kathleen Kennedy; Gerald R. Molen;
Starring	Sam Neill; Laura Dern; Jeff Goldblum; Richard Attenborough; Bob Peck; Martin Ferrero; BD Wong; Samuel L. Jackson; Wayne Knight; Joseph Mazzello; Ariana Richards;
Cinematography	Dean Cundey
Edited by	Michael Kahn
Music by	John Williams
Production; companies	Universal Pictures; Amblin Entertainment;
Distributed by	Universal Pictures
Release dates	June 9, 1993 (Uptown Theater); June 11, 1993 (United States);
Running time	126 minutes
Country	United States
Language	English
Budget	$56–63 million
Box office	$1.058 billion

Jurassic Park is a 1993 American science fiction adventure movie directed by Steven Spielberg and written by Michael Crichton and David Koepp, based on Crichton's 1990 novel. Starring Sam Neill, Laura Dern, Jeff Goldblum, and Richard Attenborough, the film is set on the fictional island of Isla Nublar near Costa Rica, where wealthy businessman John Hammond (Attenborough) and a team of genetic scientists have created a wildlife park of de-extinct dinosaurs. When industrial sabotage leads to a catastrophic shutdown of the park's power facilities and security precautions, a small group of visitors struggle to survive and escape the now perilous island.

Before Crichton's novel was published, four studios put in bids for its film rights. With the backing of Universal Pictures, Spielberg acquired the rights for $1.5 million. Crichton was hired for an additional $500,000 to adapt the novel for the screen. Koepp wrote the final draft, which left out much of the novel's exposition and violence, and featured numerous changes to the characters. Filming took place in California and Hawaii from August to November 1992. Post-production lasted until May 1993, supervised by Spielberg in Poland as he filmed Schindler's List. The dinosaurs were created with groundbreaking computer-generated imagery by Industrial Light & Magic, and with life-sized animatronic dinosaurs built by Stan Winston's team. To showcase the film's sound design, which included a mixture of various animal noises for the dinosaur sounds, Spielberg invested in the creation of DTS, a company specializing in digital surround sound formats. The film was backed by an extensive $65 million marketing campaign, which included licensing deals with over 100 companies.

Jurassic Park premiered on June 9, 1993, at the Uptown Theater in Washington, D.C., and was released two days later throughout the United States. It was a blockbuster hit and went on to gross over $914 million worldwide in its original theatrical run, surpassing Spielberg's own E.T. the Extra-Terrestrial to become the highest-grossing film of all time until the release of Titanic (1997). The film received critical acclaim, with praise to its special effects, sound design, action sequences, John Williams's score, and Spielberg's direction. The film won 20 awards, including three Academy Awards for technical achievements in visual effects and sound design. Following its 20th anniversary re-release in 2013, Jurassic Park became the oldest film in history to surpass $1 billion in ticket sales and the 17th overall.

Since its release, many film critics and industry professionals have regarded Jurassic Park as one of the greatest films ever made. Its groundbreaking use of computer-generated imagery is widely seen as a turning point that shaped the visual effects techniques used in modern cinema. In 2018, it was selected for preservation in the United States National Film Registry by the Library of Congress as "culturally, historically, or aesthetically significant". The film spawned a multimedia franchise that includes six sequels, video games, theme park attractions, comic books, and various merchandise.

Plot

John Hammond, the owner of a scientific company, creates a theme park on an island that has dinosaurs which have been brought back to life by being cloned. He invites Dr. Alan Grant, a man who studies dinosaurs and doesn't work well with kids, and Dr. Ellie Sattler, a woman who studies ancient plants, to visit the park.

Along with a mathematician named Ian Malcolm and a lawyer named Donald Gennaro, they go to the park and see a few dinosaurs, like Brachiosaurus. John says that the dinosaurs were brought back because of the dinosaur DNA found in some mosquitoes. To fix any broken parts of the DNA, they added the DNA of frogs to the dinosaurs. The dinosaurs were all made to be female so that they would not breed.

Lex and Tim Murphy, who are Hammond's grandkids, join the group. The group goes on a tour of the park in some Ford Explorer cars. A tropical storm heads towards the park, and it starts raining. Ellie is separated from the group when she tries to help a sick Triceratops. Dennis Nedry, a worker at the park, betrays Hammond so he can get money from another company, and he turns off the park's safety systems. The cars that the group are in aren't able to move anymore.

Many dinosaurs, including a T. rex, break out of their pens. The T. rex eats Donald, hurts Ian, and pushes a car off a cliff. As Dennis tries to escape the park, he gets killed by a Dilophosaurus.

Ellie, along with Robert Muldoon, a park worker, look for survivors. They rescue Malcolm and escape the T. rex in a Jeep. John, along with the park's main engineer named Ray Arnold, decide to reboot the park's systems. During the rebooting, the dangerous Velociraptors escape and start to wander the park.

When Ray goes missing, Ellie goes to finish the rebooting process. She finds that Ray has been killed, and she runs away from one raptor. Two of the raptors show up, and they surprise and kill Robert. Meanwhile, Alan, Lex, and Tim, spend the night in a tall tree. They make friends with a Brachiosaurus.

The next day, Alan, Lex, and Tim discover dinosaur eggs. At first, they are confused, since the dinosaurs are all female, and eggs can't be laid unless there is a male dinosaur involved. Alan figures out that the frog DNA in the dinosaur DNA allows the dinosaurs to change their genders.

They come across a group of running Gallimimus, and they head towards an electric fence. When the park's power turns back on, Tim gets shocked by the fence and gets hurt. As Alan goes to look for Ellie, Lex and Tim are hunted by the raptors in a kitchen. They escape and meet up with Alan and Ellie. All four of them end up cornered by the raptors in the park's atrium, but the T. rex arrives and kills the raptors.

John, Alan, Ellie, Ian, Lex, and Tim, all survive, and leave the park in a helicopter. John is disappointed that the park was unsuccessful, but Ellie is happy that Alan has learned to get along with kids.

Production

The movie was based off a book by Michael Crichton. A few people wanted to be the director of the movie, like Tim Burton. Eventually, Steven Spielberg was chosen to direct.

Filming the movie started in 1992 on Kaua'i, an island in Hawaii. The filming was stopped for a day because Hurricane Iniki passed over the island. A few of the scenes in the movie that involve rain were actually filmed during the hurricane. Other scenes were filmed in California, on a stage at Warner Bros. Studios, and in other places in Hawaii.

At first, the dinosaurs were going to be made using stop-motion, but Spielberg didn't think it looked real enough. The dinosaurs in the movie were created using ways called animatronics and CGI. The dinosaurs were either robots, puppets, or made with computers.

After filming for the movie was over, Spielberg monitored the effects work while he was in the country of Poland, where he was filming another movie, Schindler's List.

The music that plays in the movie was composed by John Williams.

Release

Jurassic Park got positive reviews, as many critics and moviegoers enjoyed it. Many people praised the movie's special effects and music. The movie was nominated for three Academy Awards (Best Sound Editing, Best Sound Mixing, and Best Visual Effects), and won all three.

At the time, Jurassic Park had made more money than any other movie. However, the movie Titanic ended up making even more money, breaking the record.

Country	Premiere
Canada	11 June 1993
United States	11 June 1993
Brazil	25 June 1993
Colombia	2 July 1993
Uruguay	2 July 1993
Chile	8 July 1993
El Salvador	9 July 1993
Argentina	15 July 1993
Belize	16 July 1993
Costa Rica	16 July 1993
United Kingdom	16 July 1993
Guatemala	16 July 1993
Honduras	16 July 1993
Ireland	16 July 1993
Malta	16 July 1993
Nicaragua	16 July 1993
Panama	16 July 1993
South Korea	17 July 1993
Taiwan	17 July 1993
Ecuador	21 July 1993
Dominican Republic	22 July 1993
Peru	23 July 1993
Japan	24 July 1993
Bolivia	29 July 1993
Hong Kong	29 July 1993
Israel	30 July 1993
Antigua and Barbuda	4 August 1993
Barbados	4 August 1993
Dominica	4 August 1993
Grenada	4 August 1993
Jamaica	4 August 1993
Saint Kitts and Nevis	4 August 1993
Saint Lucia	4 August 1993
Puerto Rico	4 August 1993
Trinidad and Tobago	4 August 1993
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines	4 August 1993
Indonesia	5 August 1993
Malaysia	5 August 1993
Singapore	5 August 1993
Thailand	5 August 1993
Philippines	11 August 1993
Venezuela	11 August 1993
Fiji	20 August 1993
New Zealand	20 August 1993
Australia	2 September 1993
Germany	2 September 1993
Austria	3 September 1993
Finland	3 September 1993
Norway	3 September 1993
Poland	3 September 1993
Sweden	3 September 1993
Bulgaria	17 September 1993
Denmark	17 September 1993
Faroe Islands	17 September 1993
Italy	17 September 1993
Turkey	17 September 1993
South Africa	17 September 1993
Hungary	24 September 1993
Spain	30 September 1993
Greece	30 September 1993
Croatia	30 September 1993
Netherlands	30 September 1993
Slovenia	30 September 1993
Ghana	1 October 1993
Portugal	1 October 1993
United Arab Emirates	4 October 1993
Bahrain	4 October 1993
Egypt	4 October 1993
Kenya	4 October 1993
Kuwait	4 October 1993
Namibia	4 October 1993
Nigeria	4 October 1993
Zimbabwe	4 October 1993
Czech Republic	14 October 1993
Slovakia	14 October 1993
Cyprus	15 October 1993
Belgium	20 October 1993
Algeria	20 October 1993
France	20 October 1993
Luxembourg	20 October 1993
Morocco	20 October 1993
Monaco	20 October 1993
Russia	20 October 1993
Tunisia	20 October 1993
Ukraine	20 October 1993
Lebanon	22 October 1993
Romania	11 March 1994
India	15 April 1994
Sri Lanka	15 April 1994
Pakistan	15 April 1994

3-D version

Country	Premiere
United Arab Emirates	4 April 2013
Australia	4 April 2013
Bahrain	4 April 2013
Hong Kong	4 April 2013
Kuwait	4 April 2013
Serbia	4 April 2013
Russia	4 April 2013
Ukraine	4 April 2013
India	5 April 2013
United States	5 April 2013
Cambodia	11 April 2013
Pakistan	12 April 2013
Slovenia	25 April 2013
Belgium	1 May 2013
France	1 May 2013
Hungary	2 May 2013
Netherlands	2 May 2013
New Zealand	2 May 2013
Bulgaria	3 May 2013
Taiwan	3 May 2013
Finland	10 May 2013
South Africa	10 May 2013
Philippines	29 May 2013
Malaysia	30 May 2013
Singapore	30 May 2013
Thailand	30 May 2013
Egypt	5 June 2013
Sweden	5 June 2013
Vietnam	7 June 2013
Estonia	11 June 2013
Iceland	12 June 2013
Denmark	13 June 2013
Norway	14 June 2013
Romania	14 June 2013
Greece	20 June 2013
Portugal	20 June 2013
South Korea	27 June 2013
Israel	18 July 2013
Turkey	9 August 2013
Peru	15 August 2013
Brazil	16 August 2013
Ecuador	16 August 2013
China	20 August 2013
Bolivia	22 August 2013
Spain	23 August 2013
United Kingdom	23 August 2013
Ireland	23 August 2013
Mexico	23 August 2013
Chile	29 August 2013
Uruguay	29 August 2013
Colombia	30 August 2013
Germany	5 September 2013
Venezuela	13 September 2013
Argentina	3 October 2013