ايتريوم

Yttrium, ₃₉Y
عمومي خواص
Pronunciation	/ˈɪtriəm/ ; IT-ree-əm
Appearance	silvery white
Yttrium په دوراني جدول کې
strontium ← yttrium → zirconium	‍
اټومي شمیره (Z)	39
گروپ, پیریود	group 3, period 5
بلاک	d-block
Element category	transition metal
معياري اټومي وزن (Ar)	کينډۍ:Val
Electron configuration	[Kr] 4d1 5s2
Electrons per shell	2, 8, 18, 9, 2
فزیکي خواص
حالت (at STP)	جامد
دويلې کيدو ټکى	1799 K (1526 °C, 2779 °F)
يشنا ټکی	3203 K (2930 °C, 5306 °F)
Density near r.t.	4.472 g/cm3
when liquid, at m.p.	4.24 g/cm3
Heat of fusion	11.42 kJ/mol
Heat of vaporization	363 kJ/mol
Molar heat capacity	26.53 J/(mol·K)
اټومي خواص
Oxidation states	3, 2, 1 (a weakly basic oxide)
Electronegativity	Pauling scale: 1.22
Ionization energies	1st: 600 kJ/mol ; 2nd: 1180 kJ/mol ; 3rd: 1980 kJ/mol ; ;
Atomic radius	empirical: 180 pm
Covalent radius	190±7 pm
Miscellanea
Crystal structure	hexagonal close-packed (hcp) Hexagonal close packed crystal structure for yttrium
Speed of sound thin rod	3300 m/s (at 20 °C)
Thermal expansion	α, poly: 10.6 µm/(m·K) (at r.t.)
د تودوخې تېرېدنه	17.2 W/(m·K)
Electrical resistivity	α, poly: 596 nΩ·m (at r.t.)
Magnetic ordering	paramagnetic
Magnetic susceptibility (χmol)	+2.15·10−6 cm3/mol (2928 K)
Young's modulus	63.5 GPa
Shear modulus	25.6 GPa
Bulk modulus	41.2 GPa
Poisson ratio	0.243
Brinell hardness	200–589 MPa
CAS Number	7440-65-5
History
Naming	after Ytterby (Sweden) and its mineral ytterbite (gadolinite)
Discovery	Johan Gadolin (1794)
First isolation	Carl Gustav Mosander (1842)
Main isotopes of yttrium
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ايتريوم (په انگرېزي: Yttrium) له کیمیاوي عناصرو څخه یو دی چې په تناوبي جدول کې د Y سمبول او ۳۹ اتمي شمېرې په وسیله ښودل شوی دی.

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سرچينې

↑ Meija, J.; Coplen, T. B. (2016). "Atomic weights of the elements 2013 (IUPAC Technical Report)". Pure Appl. Chem. 88 (3): 265–91. doi:10.1515/pac-2015-0305. {{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter |displayauthors= ignored (|display-authors= suggested) (help)
↑ Lide, D. R., ed. (2005). "Magnetic susceptibility of the elements and inorganic compounds". CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics (PDF) (86th ed.). Boca Raton (FL): CRC Press. ISBN 0-8493-0486-5.
↑ Weast, Robert (1984). CRC, Handbook of Chemistry and Physics. Boca Raton, Florida: Chemical Rubber Company Publishing. pp. E110. ISBN 0-8493-0464-4.

دا ليکنه نابشپړه ده، تاسې ددې ليکنې په بشپړولو کې د ويکيپېډيا سره مرسته کولای شئ.

[CIAAW2016-1] Meija, J.; Coplen, T. B. (2016). "Atomic weights of the elements 2013 (IUPAC Technical Report)". Pure Appl. Chem. 88 (3): 265–91. doi:10.1515/pac-2015-0305. {{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter |displayauthors= ignored (|display-authors= suggested) (help)

[magnet-2] Lide, D. R., ed. (2005). "Magnetic susceptibility of the elements and inorganic compounds". CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics (PDF) (86th ed.). Boca Raton (FL): CRC Press. ISBN 0-8493-0486-5.

[3] Weast, Robert (1984). CRC, Handbook of Chemistry and Physics. Boca Raton, Florida: Chemical Rubber Company Publishing. pp. E110. ISBN 0-8493-0464-4.

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