In the progress of globalisation, the human being is exposed to effects of cultural dominance. For the individual, this exposure can be the stronger, the more autonomous his or her culture of origin used to be before the confrontation. Global consent with regard to behaviour patterns and cogni¬tive styles leads to the obliteration of traditional knowledge and behaviour upon which identity has been defined. The loss of identity in favour of belonging to the global society brings about a number (...) of problems, which can be demonstrated in functional models. These models, in turn, may sup¬port the planning of interventional strategies and rescue work. (shrink)

In this paper, I discuss globalisation as an empirical reality that is in a complex relation to its corresponding discourse and in a critical distance from the cosmopolitan ideal. I argue that failure to grasp the distinctions between globalisation, globalism, and cosmopolitanism derives from mistaken identifications of the Is with the Ought and leads to naïve and ethnocentric glorifications of the potentialities of globalisation. Conversely, drawing the appropriate distinctions helps us articulate a more critical approach to contemporary (...) cultural phenomena, and reconsider the current place and potential role of education within the context of global affairs. From this perspective, the antagonistic impulses cultivated by globalisation and some globalist discourse are singled out and targeted via a radicalization of educational orientations. The final suggestion of the article concerns the vision of a more cosmopolitically sensitive education. (shrink)

Globalisation involves both promising potentials and risks. It has the potential – through the spread of human rights, the migration of people and ideas, and the integration of diverse economies – to improve human wellbeing and enhance the protection of human rights worldwide. But globalisation also incurs risks: global environmental risks (such as global warming), the creation of new centres of power with limited legitimacy, a ‘race to the bottom’ regarding workers’ safety and rights, risky journeys of thousands (...) of migrants and not least growing global inequalities. Globalisation, therefore, is a key factor for today’s discussions of justice. As globalisation connects people, it also raises associated responsibilities between them. Until recently, the interest in justice among political philosophers and social ethicists was mainly focused on the nation state. However, this is no longer feasible. Since economic globalisation affects how wealth and power are distributed globally it has become indispensable to discuss social ethics in a global context and to develop principles of global justice. Global justice, therefore, entails an assessment of the benefits and burdens of the structural relations and institutional arrangements that constitute and govern globalisation. The academic discussion of global justice is vibrant and expanding. In my introduction I provide an overview of the discussions on global poverty, justice, cosmopolitanism and statism, migration, the capability approach and different dimensions of global justice. (shrink)

The reality of globalisation is that it has knitted the world into a single time and place and has introduced the dominant force of consumerism. In adopting this framework, it has frayed the moral fabric of theological education and has short changed students who are configured as consumers to please rather than characters to build. While the demographic centre of faith has shifted southward, its ways of thinking and engaging culture have not yet caught up with that shift. Global (...) interconnectedness and the globalisation of knowledge together with homogenisation forces have shaped African theological education to the extent that it has absorbed the almost irreversible traits of the West. This paper highlights how transnational cultural forms have profoundly impacted the production of theological education and will attempt a response to the homogenising forces by the focus of African identity. (shrink)

As global forms inhabit local spaces and draw the local into the global, previous deliberate mechanisms of system transform into fluid processes that require constant investigation. The globalisation of knowledge raises an old challenge: the standardisation of knowledge. What and who determines knowledge system as a universal model? This research analytically interrogates the nature and outcomes of the divide between the production of knowledge about globalisation and its manifestation as a process. It also interrogates the relationship between Western (...) academia as a global centre of knowledge production and indigenous scholarship on globalisation in sub-Saharan Africa. Educational systems in sub-Saharan Africa currently witness the expanding impact of ideas from global centres in ways that challenge existing norms, originality and cultural relevance. This calls for the re-interrogation of area studies in core comparative international research in response to coloniality. Hence, the need to identify common profiles and map onto globalisation, demand for a stronger cross-national collaborative scholarship devoid of knowledge subordination. (shrink)

Biobanks are increasingly being linked together into global networks in order to maximise their capacity to identify causes of and treatments for disease. While there is great optimism about the potential of these biobank networks to contribute to personalised and data-driven medicine, there are also ethical concerns about, among other things, risks to personal privacy and exploitation of vulnerable populations. Concepts drawn from theories of globalisation can assist with the characterisation of the ethical implications of biobank networking across borders, (...) which can, in turn, inform more ethically sophisticated responses. Using the China Kadoorie Biobank as a case study, we show how distinguishing between the subnational, transnational, supranational and extranational spheres of operation and influence can help researchers, institutions and regulators to understand and manage the ethical issues raised by the globalisation of biobanking. (shrink)

The proposal by Adam Smith that the market is a primal human reality has arguably been the most influential of the myths offered as a substitute for the authoritative story of Eden by the Enlightenment’s founding fathers. This essay examines how rival primal stories shape agents’ moral stances by directing attention, framing conceptual priorities and in situating stated and unstated analytical presuppositions in contemporary economic discourses. Contemporary scholars have recently emphasised that the root metaphor of Smith’s economic theory is original (...) barter. Tracing this scholarship, I will show how this picture of the human economic agent grounds the central tenets of the emerging global economic order. This vision will, however, then be shown to contrast with both the biblical vision of human economic activity, medieval and reformation theological appropriations of this vision, and the political and economic institutions that pre-modern Christendom developed to express their belief in a human responsibility to serve the divine sustenance of the human race. I will conclude by suggesting why the transition from Christendom to modern global capitalism demands a deeper than usual theological analysis of phenomena we usually refer to under the heading of globalisation, calling for reformulations of basic Christian and non-Christian presumptions about economic practice and ethics. (shrink)

A key consequence of globalisation is the integrative approach to reality whereby emphasis is placed on interdependence. Religion being an expression of human culture is equally affected by this cultural revolution. The main objective of this paper is to examine how religious affiliation, among Christians, influences attitudes towards the application of psychological sciences to the assuagement of human suffering. The sociological theory of structural functionalism was deployed to explain attitudinal appraisal. Ethnographic methodology, through quantitative analysis of administered questionnaire, was (...) also used. The study reveals that religious tenets largely shape attitudinal appraisal and redefine the borders of globalisation’s metanarratives. (shrink)

The globalisation of the nursing workforce: barriers confronting overseas qualified nurses in AustraliaRecent decades have coincided with the rapid globalisation of the nursing profession. Within Australia there has been rising dependence on overseas qualified nurses (OQNs) to compensate for chronic nurse shortages related to the continued exodus of Australian nurses overseas and to emerging opportunities in other professions. Between 1983/4 and 1994/5, 30 544 OQNs entered Australia on either a permanent or temporary basis, counter‐balancing the departure overseas of (...) 23 613 locally trained and 6519 migrant nurses (producing a net gain of just 412 nurses in all). The period 1995/6–1999/2000 saw an additional 11 757 permanent or long‐term OQN arrivals, with nursing currently ranked third target profession in Australia’s skill migration program, in the context of continuing attrition among local nurses. This pattern of reliance on OQNs is a phenomenon simultaneously occurring in the UK, the US, Canada and the Middle East — the globalisation of nursing reflecting not merely Western demand but the growing agency and participation of women in skilled migration, their desire for improved quality of life, enhanced professional opportunity and remuneration, family reunion and adventure. (shrink)

This paper is organised in three interconnected parts. First, contemporary political economic approaches to understanding the structure of the global economic system are outlined and synthesised. Specifically, it is suggested that the current structural configuration of the globe is a transitional phase between the spatially-bounded configuration hypothesised by world-system theory and the configuration hypothesised by globalisation theorists. Second, the contemporary problem of environmental degradation is situated in a global structural context. Third, an outline and critique of Ulrich Beck 's (...) theory of the ' Risk Society ' is presented to illustrate the increasing inadequacy of nation-state-centric theories in explaining the dynamic linkage between global capitalism and local environmental degradation. (shrink)

This study of port cities, focusing on those on the Atlantic facade of France, argues that their economic significance cannot be understood within the canons of an insular French, or even European history. They were often case studies of the more general phenomenon of the early globalisation of Europe. In particular, navigation, fishing, trade, and colonisation, depended not only on the seas and the port but also on the agrarian hinterlands. They were often determinative of national imperial expansion. Thus, (...) the success of exports and imports were not necessarily judged on Atlantic crossings but rather on the supply and demand of national or European economies. Commerce did not end on the seashore, in a port, or even in a contraband network, but often deep within a nation's hinterlands. (shrink)

The law consists of both internal and external rules, but in both cases they regulate the behaviour of the subjects towards each other. This can be viewed from a phenomenological perspective in the sense that people have a drive to make sense of their world, and the rules that are developed essentially enable them to relate to the world in this way. If anything interferes with this drive, then it causes peoples’ existential upset. That is why the state both enforces (...) these rules between its own nationals, but also with regards to the outsiders. However, in doing so, the state must also be mindful of ensuring that it interprets the rules fairly. If it does not do so, then this may negate the purpose of law by causing the existential unrest. Although in the past this may have been done on a national basis, in that it has been necessary to maintain just the national values of a state in order to ensure that people could lead their lives, globalisation has altered the identity of people. They are no longer just national citizens, but also global citizens, and are increasingly relying on global values to fulfil their existential nature. (shrink)

This work brings together eight linked essays which make the case for a revival of general jurisprudence in response to the challenges of globalisation, explores how far the heritage of Anglo-American jurisprudence and comparative law is adequate to meeting the challenges, and puts forward an agenda for general jurisprudence and comparative law, especially in the English-speaking world in the first ten or twenty years of the millennium. The book is traditional in focussing on the mainstream of Anglo-American intellectual heritage (...) and moderately radical in identifying the need for rethinking basic issues and putting forward a series of provocative propositions as a basis for discussion. (shrink)

Globalisation has posed new demands for second language (L2) teachers, necessitating a transformation in their identity to meet the emerging demands in their teaching. This chapter proposes the essential qualities that constitute L2 teacher identity in the context of globalisation. The first quality is awareness and sensitivity towards, knowledge of, and respect for the diversity of Englishes. This is because, with the increasing extent of globalisation and internationalisation of higher education, L2 teachers are encountering learners who are (...) increasingly diverse in terms of native language and culture. A related trait for a globalised L2 teacher identity is a good knowledge of and command over moral education. A strong sense of empathy towards others, especially those who are different from oneself, is another necessary disposition. In terms of ideology, a globalised L2 teacher identity needs to be free from a dichotomous native-speaker/non-native-speaker (NS/NNS) classification to avoid the emergence of “otherness” and marginalisation of learners. The final quality is teachers’ commitment to action taking to fulfil their duties to others. L2 teachers engaging in reflection, intercultural activities, local and overseas on-site or virtual service learning projects, and formal training are recommended for the development of the proposed qualities. (shrink)

Globalisation exerts profound influences on second language (L2) learning. L2 identity is no exception and deserves special attention, given the role of English as a lingua franca across the world and its key roles in language learning. This chapter continues the discussions of Chapter 3 and examines how globalisation influences the L2 identity of learners from a Hegelian perspective. An evaluation of literature on L2 identity indicates that despite a diversity of theoretical perspectives adopted for research and discussions (...) to date, there has been a lack of attention given to morality, especially the duties to others and their actualisation. From a Hegelian perspective, researching and strengthening L2 identity from the cognitive, social, and instrumental perspectives are inadequate for generating guidance for L2 learners to thrive or at least function properly in the contemporary globalised world. This is because globalisation poses unprecedented challenges to morality, as the mingling of diverse cultures around the globe causes tensions in morality as concluded in Chapters 2 and 3. This paper proposes that morality in Hegelian philosophy be incorporated into research, theoretical development, and implementation of L2 identity. This, from a Hegelian perspective, can facilitate consciousness to declare its conviction, close the gaps and resolve contradictions between moral conscience and the moral reality L2 learners face. (shrink)

Increasing awareness of the importance of the biodiversity of the whole global biosphere has led to further awareness that the problems which arise in connection with preservation and exploitation of our planet’s biodiversity are best tackled from a global perspective. The ‘Biodiversity Convention’ and the ‘Human Genome Project’ are some of the concrete attempts at such globalisation. But, while these efforts are certainly very good at the intentional level and on paper, there is, at the practical level of implementation, (...) the danger that globalisation may simply translate into westernisation, given the Western world’s dominance and will to dominate the rest of the globe. How is ‘global bioethics’ to be possible in a world inhabited by different cultural groups whose material situation, powers, ideas, experiences and attitudes differ rather markedly and who are not, in any case, equally represented in globalisation efforts and fora? One index of the pertinence of this question is that talk about biodiversity, biotechnology, biotrade etc. is being increasingly matched by talk about biopiracy, biorade, biocolonialism etc. In this paper, I attempt to explore and develop these very general concerns. (shrink)

Global income inequalities are met with increasing calls for direct supranational redistribution. This article argues that from the perspective of political feasibility, this approach should not be prioritised. We use the example of tax competition to show that supranational regulation that stops short of direct redistribution has better chances of being implemented. Moreover, as the case of tax competition illustrates, such regulation can help to shore up the capacity of nation states to redistribute internally, which indirectly tends to reduce global (...) inequalities, too. Against this background, we formulate the conditional subsidiarity principle of redistribution. It states that when the case for direct supranational redistribution is built on the alleged incapacity of the state to redistribute due to the pressures of globalisation, our first instinct should be regulatory reform in order to restore this capacity. Finally, the article asks whether two prominent proposals for global taxation – the global resource dividend and the financial transaction tax – pass the test of the conditional subsidiarity principle. (shrink)

La globalisation affecte les sociétés contemporaines en redessinant simultanément l’espace économique global et la configuration des pouvoirs. Elle s’insinue dans notre quotidien à travers la circulation des images et des objets de consommation, une circulation qui ignore la distance et les frontières. On ne s’étonnera pas que les flux culturels et leur impact local aient retenu la curiosité des anthropologues. Ils n’étudient pas seulement la nature de ces flux, mais la manière dont les sociétés s’adaptent ou résistent à cette (...) situation, allant de l’appropriation au rejet. Récusant toute forme d’essentialisme, l’anthropologie prend en considération des processus complexes trop vite amalgamés sous les catégories de multiculturalisme et de diversité culturelle. (shrink)

"Globalisation and Equality" examines the way in which conceptions of equality are being challenged by increasing globalisation, analysing not only the problems presented, but also the significant opportunities for equality both within states and internationally.

Globalisation develops at a staggering pace that envelopes and infiltrates local South African communities in various ways. Through technology a person can have access to anything today. Should the church try to keep up, or compete with such a reality? This article aims to encourage the church to develop a responsible missional character, which embraces the opportunities globalisation offers – to be a participative forum in a community comprising of more than religious people. Through re-evaluating the church’s missional (...) intent, by shifting the paradigm away from self-centred outcomes, the church should contribute to such a community’s articulation of faith. (shrink)

A manifestation of globalisation as an economic imperative has occurred at the national level in Australia.This manifestation is in the form of political policies, administrative practices and funding distribution ostensibly aimed at creating a more competitive national economy.Philosophy of Education, as a practice and product of some employees in the higher education industry in Australia, is being influenced by this manifestation of globalisation.Reflection on ways in which established concepts are being reshaped to suit the agenda of globalising political (...) policies may assist those engaged in philosophising about education to enhance their practice in ways they desire.It is argued here that such reflection should lead many academics in Australian universities to the conclusion that they should not undertake research and that research should not be part of the job specification for most academics employed in Australian universities.The argument in this paper is based on a set of epistemological assumptions about the nature of academic practices or traditions .Philosophy of Education is one such academic tradition or practice.A university may be conceived of as a community of academics engaged in a range of traditions or practices.A university may also be conceived of as a quasi‐governmental administrative entity employing workers to value‐add to customers intending to maximise personal economic rewards from future engagement in a more competitive national economy. (shrink)

The pace of globalisation has quickened considerably in the last ten to fifteen years. The process has yielded benefits but also resulted in conflicts. The benefits would be enhanced if the conflicts could be resolved. One source of conflicts is the desire to maintain cultural identity. Can Confucianism contribute to the working out of a universal global justice that can help resolve conflicts, particularly conflicts of cultural identities? Can it be part of the globalisation process without sacrificing its (...) cultural identity? I argue that it can on both counts and thus it is neither a villain blocking the progress of universal justice, a necessary condition for conflict-free globalisation, nor a helpless victim of that progress. (shrink)

Modern International Relations theory has consistently underestimated the depth of the problem of anarchy in world politics. Contemporary theories of globalisation bring this into bold relief. From this perspective, the complexity of transboundary networks and hierarchies, economic sectors, ethnic and religious ties, civil and cross-border wars, and internally disaggregated and transnationally connected state actors, leads to a complex and multidimensional restructuring of the global, the local and the uneven connections in between. We ought to abandon the idea of ‘high’ (...) and ‘low’ politics, ‘inside’ and ‘outside’ once and for all. This does not remove the problem of anarchy but rather deepens it, involving multidimensional tensions and contradictions variously described as ‘functional differentiation’, ‘multiscalarity’, ‘fragmegration’, disparate ‘landscapes’, the ‘new security dilemma’ and ‘neomedievalism’. Approaching anarchy from the perspective of plural competing claims to authority and power forces... (shrink)

ABSTRACT: This article discusses, principally from an English perspective, globalisation, global citizenship and two forms of education relevant to those developments (global education and citizenship education). We describe what citizenship has meant inside one nation state and ask what citizenship means, and could mean, in a globalising world. By comparing the natures of citizenship education and global education, as experienced principally in England during, approxim-ately, the last three decades, we seek to develop a clearer understanding of what has been (...) done and what might be done in the future in order to develop education for global citizenship. We suggest that up to this point there have been significant differences between the characterisations that have been developed for global education and citizenship education. These differences are revealed through an examination of three areas: focus and origins; the attitude of the government and significant others; and the adoption of pedagogical approaches. We suggest that it would be useful to look beyond old barriers that have separated citizenship education and global education and to form a new global citizenship education. Their separation has in the past only perpetuated the old understandings of citizenship and constructed a constrained view of global education. (shrink)

Taxation and representation are famously linked in the coercive co-authored project of political governance described through the social contract metaphor. Globalisation transforms this canonical account of the state. Many people can relocate and operate beyond state borders, consuming goods and services publicly offered by other jurisdictions. Expanding people’s opportunities to satisfy their preferences and pursue their goals supports their liberty. Yet, it also limits the ability of states to collect taxes so as to provide necessary public goods and secure (...) justice, jeopardising the bond between taxation and equal membership in a political community. The challenge for taxation under globalisation is to revitalise the very basis of the social contract. Ideally, the new social contract should support the states’ just institutions and the collective self-determination of their members without rolling back the opportunities people have acquired through globalisation. (shrink)

This final chapter addresses two major challenges to the perspective of Hobbesian internationalism developed in this book: globalisation and the resurgence of private authority. Processes of globalisation, global governance, and Foucauldian governmentality have been associated with the spread of agencies—networks, private security companies, and other subnational and supranational actors—that operate across state borders. These processes presuppose values other than freedom such as economic efficiency, speed, even posthumanism, their agencies are not always clearly identifiable, and their authority remains private. (...) The chapter shows that enthusiasm about such global trends may be premature. In the concluding section, the Lockean model of private authority is compared with the Hobbesian/Kantian model of public authority. On this basis, a global public realm committed to freedom is defended against the alternative of a private public realm predicated on efficiency. (shrink)

To investigate cultural lifestyle preferences in different cultural contexts, a forced-choice questionnaire was constructed, based on Thurstone's Law of Comparative Judgement, an almost forgotten statistical method of 1927, which is a useful tool for assessing groups. This study's questionnaire items targeted job and living conditions in the spectrum from traditional to globalised lifestyles. Subjects were indigenous representatives at the UNO in Geneva, and students in Nigeria, Cameroon, South Africa and Germany. The preferences ascertained reflect attitudes on a scale ranging from (...) very traditional to very globalised lifestyles. Although being an uncommon assessment tool, Thurstone's Comparative Judgement indicates to yield highly valid outcomes, as the results of the African university students, though from three different countries, resembled each other, but were complementary to the results of the indigenous representatives, which, in turn, mirrored the Berlin controls' profiles, according to expectations. Findings are discussed in light of the Symbolic Self-Completion Theory. (shrink)

With different pedagogic practices come different ways of examining them and fresh understandings of their implications and assumptions. It is the examination of these changes and developments that is the subject of this book. The authors examine a number of questions posed by the rapid march of globalisation, incuding: What is the role of the teacher, and how do we teach in the context of globalisation? What curriculum is appropriate when people and ideas become more mobile? How do (...) the technologies of the internet and mobile phone impact upon what is learnt and by whom? The second edition of this important book has been fully updated and extended to take account of developments in technology, pedagogy and practice, in particular the growth of distance and e-learning. (shrink)

The first chapter takes an overview of the argument, explaining its origins in terms of both theory and recent political events. The central ethical premise is explained: that of the Welcome Principle as a feature of a move towards a more place-based ethics, aesthetics, economics and politics. The problematic role of the nation state as a meso level structure between the macro level structures of global corporatism and the micro level structure of the local community is discussed. Four aspects of (...) globalisation, partly intentional and partly not so, are defined: standardisation, impersonalism, a mechanistic approach to life, and universal ethics. Problems arising from these positions include narrow performativity, a sense that many people and communities have been ‘left behind’ and a democratic deficit, whereby local voices are increasingly ignored. The argument also considers the limiting effects of humanism and the need for ecological awareness and action. The theoretical influences on the argument are also explained, particularly its debt to semiotic pragmatism. (shrink)

The so-called “big discoveries” started a race to establish colonies worldwide. Colonisation harboured imperialism, which facilitated brutal exploitation through the extraction of natural and human resources. Attempts to “justify” colonisation gave rise to further racist explanations. With the phrase “the irony of globalisation”, I refer to some ambiguity encapsulated in this notion. On the one hand, globalisation seems to indicate solidarity, to embrace the perception that we are all in it together, and to signal a universal concern for (...) each other. On the other hand, processes of globalisation demonstrate brutal forms of exclusion and exploitation. The globalised world is a world apart. Processes of globalisation include the automatisation of production processes, financial transactions, and the free movements of ownership. Such processes are rooted in mathematics-based technologies. Mathematics is deeply embedded in global networking and in all its accompanying ambiguities. (shrink)

Depuis le début du XXI e siècle, la globalisation est devenue un thème central dans les sciences humaines, même si la mondialisation croissante des discours dans les sciences humaines apparaît en réalité dès le XX e siècle. Dans le domaine de la philosophie, la mondialisation du cadre thématique a été encouragée en particulier par les Congrès mondiaux de philosophie depuis 1900. Sous l’impulsion de ces évolutions, les histoires de différentes philosophies ont émergé à travers le monde et dans de (...) nombreuses langues différentes. En outre, des ouvrages d’histoires globales de la philosophie se multiplient depuis une vingtaine d’années. Pour faire face à cette diversité thématique dans la philosophie d’aujourd’hui, l’approche d’une phénoménologie transformative est abordée à la fin de l’article. (shrink)

This essay explores the matter of hegemony in the global system from the standpoint of global capitalism theory, in contrast to extant approaches that analyse this phenomenon from the standpoint of the nation‐state and the inter‐state system. It advances a conception of global hegemony in transnational social terms, linking the process of globalisation to the construction of hegemonies and counter‐hegemonies in the twenty‐first century. An emergent global capitalist historical bloc, lead by a transnational capitalist class, rather than a particular (...) nation‐state, bloc of states, or region, is pursuing a hegemonic project. The US state is seen as the point of condensation for pressures from dominant groups to resolve problems of global capitalism. US‐led militarisation is a contradictory political‐military response to the crisis of global capitalism, characterised by economic stagnation, legitimacy problems and the rise of counter‐hegemonic forces. (shrink)

Much has been written over the past two decades on globalisation, especially on its political and socioeconomic impacts on Western liberal democracies on the one hand, and on the more vulnerable co...

The concept of ‘globalisation’ increasingly dominates economic and political debate in the 1990s. However, despite a profusion of commentaries and case studies on aspects of ‘globalisation’ such as ‘Japanisation', ‘Americanisation', ‘McDonaldisation’ and, of course, global information technologies, there are few radical interrogations of the notion of ‘globalisation/internationalisation’ and little discussion of the theoretical implications of recent changes in the global political economy. The central argument of this paper is that in order to make sense of these developments (...) a broad focus is required which begins by conceptualising the changing nature of relations between national states in the global economy and concludes by understanding these relations in class terms. This is not simply to restate the importance of an international relations or international political economy ‘dimension', since these ‘disciplines’ fail absolutely to relate ‘interstate’ restructuring to the re-composition of class relations. Rather, the aim of the paper is to prompt a more general theoretical reorientation towards understanding the process of international restructuring as one undertaken by national states in an attempt to re-impose tighter labour discipline and recompose the labour/capital relationship. My starting point, therefore, is that global capitalism is still structured as an antagonistic state system, and that many of the changes which characterise the global political economy are introduced by states in an attempt to solve problems that have their roots in labour/capital conflict. In summary form, the paper concludes that the concept of ‘globalisation’ obscures more than it reveals and that Marx's understanding of the relationship between labour, capital and the state remains a more productive starting point for analysing contemporary global processes. (shrink)

Luc Anckaert deals with the question of the relationship between economic globalisation and ethics. Between the two walls of the double tower there is a strained relation. Is man as a person the measure of ‘economic matters’ or is man inserted into an economic network, the centre of which is left unoccupied? This double question could end in an anti-globalist critique in behalf of the personalistic dignity of man, including a plea for another economy on the one hand, or, (...) on the other hand, in a legitimisation of the economic globalisation by correcting, mitigating or reorienting it with an eye to our concern with man. Either anti-globalisation or otherwise-globalisation, or an economic globalisation with a humane face. The critical question with regard to this binary approach is whether it does not smother the voice of ethics. Ethics has no well-fixed or determinable place within the logic of globalisation, and it can not be identified with the upright protest which arises from an experience of contrast either. The tragedy of ethics consists in its being situated in between the factuality of reality and the refusal of getting absorbed in it. (shrink)

There is a lot of talk around about Globalisation and its mana-like benefits; indeed, there are many, in areas such as the spread of communication capabilities, social media, and wider distribution of goods in the free trade marketplace that in previous decades were ‘protected’ by exorbitant excise tariffs, licensing restrictions, and low turn-overs. Since Weber, Robertson, Wallerstein, Appadurai, Tambiah et al, there has been much theorizing on the inevitability of Globalisation and its neat corollaries, Free Trade, Liberalisation, Parallel (...) Modernities, and Economic Rationalism. Yet, Globalisation has both its protagonists and antagonists alike. The paper focuses on case studies from the Indian-end, impelled by the question: in what ways has Globalisation benefited and hurt India’s economy, the slow growth and periodic stagnation of its capabilities, the stability of the nation and its people? As part of the reciprocal deal on Liberalisation, Free Trade agreement has enabled myriads of TNCs with to reign in large Western capital-investment and start-up industrial bases, which have undoubtedly helped push India to becoming the third largest world economy. However, the encroachments of TNCs and their impact on agro-economics, biodiversity, the plight of farmers, the further disenfranchisement of numerically small from a share in the national weal, the uneven regional deliverance from poverty, malnutrition, the disproportionate gender-ratio, rural illiteracy among the neglected, and other fall-outs, have worried critics of India’s ‘easy ride’ on the highway of Globalisation. The arguments will be developed extensively with illustrations. (shrink)

The purpose of this article is to explore and analyse how globalisation and cultural diversi-ty are addressed in the Finnish national curriculum for comprehensive school. The study focuses on both the broad considerations of globalisation and cultural diversity as well as the unique challenges of various school subjects in addressing these topics. The analysis is particularly concerned with the ethical implications of the curriculum’s perspectives on globalisation and cultural diversity. The overarching conclusion is that the Finnish curricu-lum (...) represents a kind of mixed model of ethics in which utilitarian considerations are em-phasised but refined with duty-ethical considerations arising from universal human rights. (shrink)

The U.S.-led global LGBT human rights campaign, formalised on International Human Rights Day 2011, sutures human rights policing with a politics of protection. Centred on a singular LGBT victim of violence, the campaign’s multiple projects legitimate military and financial intervention under the auspices of human rights. This article examines the regulatory production of globalised LGBT rights through the nexus of international LGBT human rights/hate crime laws, U.S. asylum law, and equal protection treatment of sexual orientation. I argue that the juridical (...) and ideological frameworks that guide state action in each of these areas converge in the construction of an immutable LGBT identity that is the object of racialised, culturally othered violence. This rendering of sexual difference through the flattening of culture elides structural violence and advances human rights imperialism. (shrink)

The author attempts to investigate connections and interdependencies between periphery countries and the globalisation process, including the attitude of these countries to unification blocs, such as the European integration project. The basic research tool used in this work is a systemic analysis, as well as the core-periphery method, derived from social sciences. Its fundamental hypothesis is that the decline of the liberal architecture of the globe may translate into the periphery’s tendency to abandon real convergence in favour of the (...) fragmentary imitation of supranational bodies, potentially leading to intensified disintegration tendencies within phenomena, such as the consolidation of Europe. In the past, the powerless core of the community only contemplated the imitative Europeanisation of marginal territories. Today, however – because the idea to construct a homogeneous polity has collapsed – postulates of “multi-speed” integration can lead to the reconstruction of the historical division into the core and periphery of the old continent. (shrink)

Afin de répondre à cette question, nous devons clarifier ce à quoi elle fait référence. Nous devons déterminer si la « globalisation » peut être sémantiquement mise en rapport avec l’idéologie. L’idéologie signifie l’ensemble de nos attitudes personnelles, idées et points de vue fondés sur la connaissance, l’expérience et les sensations à travers lesquels nous percevons et interprétons le monde, la position que nous y occupons et la société toute entière. Dans la perspective des Lumières, l’idéologie est considérée comme (...) une sorte de préjugé qui domine la raison. Pourquoi cela est-il important dans le contexte de la globalisation ? De manière générale, la globalisation est considérée comme un processus d’interconnexion internationale permanente et de progrès dans presque tous les champs de la vie, tels que l’économie, la politique, la culture ou la communication. Ce point de vue implique l’expérience d’un changement qui touche non seulement notre environnement, notre société et ses institutions, mais aussi les États-nations et leurs citoyens. L’environnement et ses ressources sont un pré-requis à la globalisation. Le processus continu de libéralisation du marché entraîne la modification et, en définitive, la destruction des ressources. Dans cet article, nous examinerons si les mesures politiques ont la capacité d’exercer le contrôle de ce mécanisme dialectique. (shrink)

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to argue that in spite of the widely optimistic held view on the effect of information and communication technologies (ICTs) in promoting the “knowledge society” in Europe and economic development elsewhere, evidence suggests that ICT's could be strengthening labour duality world wide.Design/methodology/approachThe paper addresses these issues by presenting a brief assessment of the “Washington Consensus” and the emergence of ICTs in terms of trade, growth and inequality in different regions of our planet. The paper (...) also describes the effects of globalisation and ICTs on European economies. Finally, the paper presents the key finding and raises some policy implications to exploit ICT potentialities to ensure welfare systems in advanced economies and development in emerging countries.FindingsThe lack of sufficient institutional mechanism of distribution in developing economies is not only making it more difficult for economic growth to translate into development but it is also favouring relocations of production, pressures to deregulate employment, control salaries and social expenditure in Europe. This feeds complex processes of social segmentation world wide. To meet this challenge Europe has no choice but to opt for the development of avant‐garde sectors. However, measures linked to the development of the knowledge society may not be sufficient to maintain our welfare states in the current context of globalisation. Europe must play a more internationally active role in the design of another model of globalisation that would encompass social policies at a global scale as one of its pillars.Originality/valueThere are very few studies of ICTs' role in the relationship between openness‐growth‐development‐inequality. What are ICTs responsible for? What are ICTs' effects on development and welfare state sustainability? (shrink)

This book focuses on how globalisation influences and affects second language (L2) identity, including both benefits and caveats of globalisation. The author takes a philosophical perspective to the topic, drawing on the theoretical foundations of Kant and Hegel to explore positive and negative impacts of issues related to globalisation such as human rights and identity reconstruction, and argues that morality should be considered as a key component in fostering L2 identity. Since L2 autonomy - the capacity to (...) control the psychological and socio-cultural dimensions related to L2 learning (Benson, 2001) - is an integral part of L2 identity and contributes to successful language learning, the author considers how to reconceptualise and foster L2 autonomy in the age of globalisation. He finds that globalisation has created new challenges and demands for L2 teachers, and explores how far they must transform their identity for effective teaching, including recommendations for the future. This book will be of particular interest to students, teachers and academics in fields including applied linguistics, language education, language teacher training, psycholinguistics, and sociolinguistics, as well as scholars of sociology and philosophy. (shrink)

This book examines dominant discourses of globalisation and history education in schools and their impact on democracy, equality, social justice, and human rights. It explores how historical narratives shape societies’ political and cultural evolution over time and how critical understanding of these narratives reinforces cultural identity. Drawing on Bruner’s meaning-making process and constructivist approaches, the book argues that history pedagogies grounded in transformational paradigms can create meaningful learning experiences that define identity and belonging. The book calls for building critical (...) literacy in students, enabling them to critically examine different historical accounts and distinguish history class learning from representations in films, various historical texts and artifacts. It encourages critical appraisal of diverse worldviews and offers different ways to reconstruct and re-imagine history education pedagogy and its connection to social justice, democracy, and equality. (shrink)

Protracted and bitter resistance by alter- and anti-globalisation movements shows that the globalisation of law transpires as the globalisation of inclusion and exclusion. Humanity is inside and outside global law in all its possible manifestations. But how is this possible? How must legal orders be structured, such that, even if we can now speak of law beyond state borders, no emergent global legal order is possible that does not include without excluding? Is an authoritative politics of boundaries (...) possible that neither postulates the possibility of realising an all-inclusive global legal order nor accepts resignation or political paralysis in the face of the globalisation of inclusion and exclusion? These pressing questions guide this book, opening up a vast field of enquiry that demands integrating sociological, doctrinal and philosophical perspectives and insights. (shrink)

Value is a basic concept in economics, ethics and sociology. Locke made labour the source of value, whereas Smith referred to an ideal exchange and Kant specified that commodities only have a market price, no intrinsic value. One can distinguish two modern concepts of value, an economic one trying to explain value in terms of utility, interest or preferences, and an ideal one considering values as ends in themselves. On this basis, Durkheim constructed his theory of value, which was developed (...) by his followers Mauss and Bouglé and further by Bataille. Their line of thought makes it possible to develop a conceptual framework, which can be used to criticise neo-liberalism, big business and the effects of globalisation, while at the same time defending the moral value of business and giving an interpretation of the anti-globalisation protests. (shrink)

From a legal-philosophical point of view, The Redress of Law presents a critical analysis of a number of related doctrinal fields: constitutional, labour and EU Law. Focusing on the organisation and protection of work, this book asks what it means to protect work as an essential aspect of human flourishing. This is an ambitious and highly sophisticated intervention in contemporary academic and political debates around a set of critically important questions connected to processes of globalisation and market integration. The (...) author redefines the nature of legal and political thought in an age in which market rationality has exceeded its classic domain and has come to pervade the organization of social and political life. This restatement of critical legal theory is intended to defend the concept of constitutionalism and suggest new ways to deploy the law strategically. (shrink)

The article deals with the anthropological and ethical aspect of one of the most urgent contemporary problems i.e. globalisation and planetary society. Through the course of analysis the author presents the selected dilemmas of globalisation and then forms a statement that according to the ethics of the right-minded thinking it is theoretically possible to reduce the ambivalence of the above-mentioned processes. Human life is important in ‘here-now-being’ and no human being can put off indefinitely resolving his or her (...) acute problems, including the possibility of experiencing happiness. Such a possibility has been presented here in the context of the ethical postulate of the protection of the spheres of privacy and intimacy, irrespective of other macro scale activities. Although the above is not the only or sufficient level of activity, nevertheless it is valuable being ready for use almost right away, a recentiori. What is also necessary are the solutions on a macro-ethical scale. Recentivism itself offers new possibilities like recentivist philosophy of history which leads to the postulate of creating the optimal social prognoses based on properly formulated directive of historicism, and in keeping with the principle of recentivism: whatever is, is now. (shrink)

The analysis of the impact of economic globalisation on health depends on how it is defined and should consider how it shapes both health and health policies. I first discuss the ways in which economic globalisation can and has been defined and then why it is important to analyse its impact both in terms of health and health policies. I then explore the ways in which economic globalisation influences health and health policies and how this relates to (...) equity, social justice, and the role of values and social rights in societies. Finally, I argue that the process of economic globalisation provides a common challenge for all health systems across the globe and requires a broader debate on values, accountability, and policy approaches. (shrink)