The concept of Identity lies at the heart of human thought, shaping our understanding of individually, essence, persistence, and meaning. This book unpacks the deceptive simplicity of the concept, tracing its role across metaphysics, logic and language. From Western analytic debates on identity, individually, indiscernibility, congruence, equivalence, and the foundations of first-order logic to Wittgenstein’s radical reinterpretation of identity.