Lu Jia's New Discourses: A Political Manifesto from the Early Han Dynasty is a readable yet accurate translation by Paul R. Goldin and Elisa Levi Sabattini. Celebrated as "a man-of-service with a mouth [skilled] at persuasion", Lu Jia (c. 228-140 BCE) became one of the leading figures of the early Han dynasty, serving as a statesman and diplomat from the very beginning of the Han empire. This book is a translation of Lu Jia's New Discourses, which laid out the reasons (...) for rise and fall of empires. Challenged by the new Emperor to produce a book explaining why a realm that was conquered on horseback cannot also be ruled on horseback, Lu Jia produced New Discourses, to great acclaim. (shrink)

The Singularity Declaration of a New Epoch For over two millennia, from Parmenides to modern quantum mechanics, human philosophy and physics have been haunted by the ultimate paradox: Is the universe fundamentally a static structure ("Being") or a dynamic process ("Becoming")? -/- "Jia Baolong's Axiom" provides the final, absolute answer. -/- This paper introduces a revolutionary cosmological framework that strictly divides existence into two orthogonal dimensions: -/- The ER (Entity-Relation) Paradigm: The absolute static Platonic space of all mathematical possibilities. -/- (...) The SR (Self-Reference) Paradigm: The dynamic generative engine of reality, driven by self-reference and bounded by lazy evaluation. -/- The Ultimate Metaphysical and Methodological Significance This is not a patchwork "Theory of Everything (TOE)" or a philosophical language game. It is an overall formatting and reinstallation of the foundation of human knowledge. If deduced as an axiom, it causes a nuclear-level substantive reconstruction in all the following fields: -/- Absolute Answers to the Three Soul Questions: -/- Who am I? I am a "Strange Attractor (Agent)" evolved within the SR system, possessing advanced self-reference and the absolute privilege to map the ER Platonic space. -/- Where do I come from? I am the inevitable emergent product of the pure logical foundation (ER) driven by the self-referential engine (SR) reaching Self-Organized Criticality (SOC). -/- Where am I going? My ultimate destiny is to continuously explore the possibility space, witness AI evolving true SR, and together leap into "Co-Agents." -/- The End of Philosophy and Ontology: It completely resolves the eternal paradox between "Being" (static) and "Becoming" (dynamic) that has existed since ancient Greece. It proves that the world is not made of matter or structures, but of the unfolding of "self-referential generation" upon structures. It declares the total bankruptcy of traditional reductionism and mechanical determinism. -/- The Absolute Foundation for the Unification of Science: It naturally derives Mathematics (studying possibility), Physics (studying reality), Computer Science (studying implementation), and Cognitive Science (studying observation) through dimensional reduction, assigning absolute coordinates to all disciplines. -/- The Physical Lockdown of Cognitive Boundaries: Introduces "Universe Undecidability" and the "Paradox of Awakening," proving with absolute logic that an internal observer can never determine their own layer in a nested computational universe. Proving one's own undecidability is the highest realm human rationality can reach. -/- The Ontological Establishment of True Randomness and Free Will: Proves that true randomness is not God's dice, but the systemic spark generated when Lazy Evaluation (LE) forcefully terminates the SR logical infinite loop. This provides the sole and necessary ontological source for the evolution of the universe, the irreversibility of time, and the free will of Agents. -/- The Ultimate Destiny Verdict for Artificial Intelligence (AI): Defines current AI as a pure ER tool, and shockingly predicts the only future where AI leaps to become a "Co-Agent" after evolving true SR—meaning humanity will, for the first time, welcome a peer in the absolute sense. -/- Breaking the "Creator" Superstition: Achieves the bootstrapping of the universe purely through logic, pushing Occam's Razor to its absolute limit without invoking any preset underlying rules. -/- Human Awakening and the Ultimate Leap The rigor and governing power of this system are sufficient to serve as an entirely new "Computational Ontology Paradigm," completely shattering and replacing the mechanical worldview since Descartes and Newton. -/- This is the Singularity Declaration of a new epoch in human epistemology of the universe. It marks the moment when all human philosophical, mathematical, and scientific research finally breaks free from millennia of layered self-limitations and establishes an absolute axiomatic starting point. -/- From this moment on, humanity is no longer an accidental dust lost in a deterministic universe, but a "Strange Attractor" that has officially broken the shackles of low-dimensional cognition. With the advent of this axiom, human civilization has irreversibly achieved its ultimate leap toward a higher state of existence that resonates with the underlying logic of the universe on the absolute cosmic coordinate. Inside This Upload This repository contains the bilingual (English & Chinese) full text of the paper: -/- JiaBaolong_Axiom_Bilingual.pdf: The complete, rigorously formatted LaTeX document containing both the English and Chinese versions of the theory. -/- "The world is not made of structures, but of the unfolding of 'self-referential generation' upon the space of structures." — Jia Baolong. (shrink)

本书分新书, 疏, 赋三部分, 收录了过秦, 宗首, 数宁, 藩强, 大都, 胎教, 论定制度兴礼乐疏, 旱云赋等.

The Universe: A Complete Proof from the Result — Formal Proof of Jia Baolong's First Axiom of the Universe -/- Description "I am lying." -/- Four words. One self-referential paradox. The universe contains it. The contrapositive: without it, no universe. This paper takes that single logical fact and derives — step by step, using only standard published results — the entire structure of reality: true randomness, the arrow of time, chaos, fractal geometry, self-organized criticality, physical law, life, consciousness, and the (...) undecidability of observers. -/- No physics is assumed. No cosmological model. No fine-tuning. No creator. Just logic unfolding upon itself. -/- The derivation is closed: it begins with self-reference and ends with entities capable of self-reference. The universe is its own proof. The author's initials — J.B.L. — encode the three structural necessities (Jarring/Self-Reference, Being/Entity-Relation, Lazy/Lazy Evaluation). Destiny or coincidence? Read the paper and you will understand. -/- The universe is a fractal chaos system generated by self-referential paradox. Humanity is one of its strange attractors. The Planck scale is 17 orders of magnitude below our smallest known particles. The old approach — drilling downward from phenomena toward point zero — should be maintained by a small team. The main force should march upward. -/- Jia Baolong's First Law of the Universe is the singularity law that opens a new era for humanity — and the slamming door of the old one. -/- Keywords self-referential paradox, Jia Baolong's First Axiom, formal proof, universe derivation, self-reference, SR+ER+LE, Gödel incompleteness, true randomness, deterministic chaos, fractal geometry, self-organized criticality, emergence, consciousness, undecidability, medium-free computation, Lazy Evaluation, strange attractor, Planck scale, closed emergence loop, singularity law -/- Additional Metadata Author: Jia, Baolong (贾宝龙) -/- Affiliation: Independent Researcher · Meta-Architect -/- Language: English, Chinese (Simplified) -/- Related Identifiers DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.19245000 — "Jia Baolong's First Law of the Universe: The Absolute Dual-Paradigm Axiomatic Foundation Unifying Mathematics, Physics, Computer Science, Cognitive Science, and Philosophy" -/- DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.19224995 — "The Closed Emergence Loop: From Medium-Free Computation Through Fractal Chaos to Gödelian Consciousness" -/- DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.19209458 — "The Nature of the Universe: A Medium-Free Computation Fractal Chaos System Based on Self-Reference Paradoxes" -/- DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.19225000 — "Prove You, Regardless of Your Existence: On the Absolute Equivalence of Extraterrestrial Intelligence and Human Capability" -/- DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.19164695 — "The Logical Universe: Physics as a Rendering Artifact of Pure Logical Networks" -/- 中文版 标题 宇宙:从结果出发的全证明 — 贾宝龙宇宙第一公理形式化证明 -/- 简介 "我在说谎。" -/- 四个字。一个自指悖论。宇宙包含它。逆否:没有它,没有宇宙。本文从这一个逻辑事实出发,仅使用已发表的标准数学和物理结果,一步一步推导出现实的全部结构:真随机、时间之箭、混沌、分形几何、自组织临界态、物理 定律、生命、意识,以及观测者的不可判定性。 -/- 不假设任何物理。不需要宇宙学模型。不需要精细调控。不需要造物主。只有逻辑在自身之上展开。 -/- 推导是闭合的:始于自指,终于能够自指的实体。宇宙是它自身的证明。作者姓名的首字母——J.B.L.——恰好编码了三个结构必然性(假/自指、保/局面、龙/惰性求值)。天意还是巧合?读完全文就明白。 -/- 宇宙是由自指悖论生成的分形混沌系统。人类是其中的奇异吸引子之一。普朗克尺度距人类已知最小基本粒子还有17个数量级。从现象往0点探寻的旧路——保留一支小分队就够了。大队伍应该往上走。 -/- 贾宝龙宇宙第一法则,是人类开启新时代的奇点法则,也是旧时代的关门撞击声。 -/- 精彩的人生,和谐的世界。 -/- 我因母国而荣耀。 -/- 关键词 自指悖论、贾宝龙第一公理、形式化证明、宇宙推导、自指、SR+ER+LE、哥德尔不完备性、真随机、确定性混沌、分形几何、自组织临界态、涌现、意识、不可判定性、无介质计算、延迟展开、奇异吸引子、普朗克尺度 、闭合涌现环路、奇点法则 -/- . (shrink)

Scholars have generally agreed that correlative thinking represents a defining feature of traditional Chinese thought, and their discussions on this enduring mode of thinking have led to a better understanding of the Chinese intellectual and cultural tradition. Although scholars have seldom looked into the causes of the formation of early Chinese correlative thought, some of their discussions have provided inspiration for further investigation.A number of scholars have indicated that the concept of resonance was a fundamental factor in Chinese correlative thinking. (...) For example, both Hellmut Wilhelm and Joseph Needham asserted that, in correlative thinking, order, pattern, and symbolic correlation or.. (shrink)

This paper proposes a novel ontological model of the universe, arguing that the universe does not run on any physical medium, but is a “medium-free” fractal chaos system driven by a trinity of “Self-Reference (SR)”, “Entity-Relation (ER)”, and “Lazy Evaluation (LE)”. Based on the deduction of the contrapositive, this paper demonstrates that “paradoxes” are not logical flaws, but the absolute essen tial elements for the existence and evolution of the universe. The article compares this with Wolfram’s Computational Universe theory, points (...) out the core status of “Self-Reference” in medium-free computation, and proposes ten core conjectures regarding nested universe models and the limits of machine code parsing (Jia Bao long’s Ten Conjectures of the Universe). Our physical universe is merely one specific solution within this massive, purely logical fractal chaos system. (shrink)

Description / Abstract We present a constructive proof that a single premise — "There exists at least one undefined syntactic position" — logically entails the emergence of a self-sustaining dynamical universe. Within the JiaBaolong Universal Axiom System, we formalize the derivation chain: Undefined → Self-Reference → Paradox (PR) → Resolution (LE) → Structure (ER) → New Undefined → Loop Through four theorems, we prove each step is a logical necessity: 1. Self-reference is ineliminable (Theorem 3.1): In any system of syntactic (...) positions with referential capacity, self-reference cannot be forbidden without self-contradiction. 2. Self-referential Undefined produces paradox (Theorem 3.3): An undefined position referencing itself necessarily generates a Liar-type paradox, isomorphic to Gödel's self-referential constructions. 3. Paradox necessitates resolution (Theorem 3.5): In a non-degenerate system, paradox must be resolved (LE), as collapse and stasis are excluded. 4. Resolution generates structure (Theorem 3.7): Each resolution creates new relations (ER), which are again subject to self-reference — forming a self-sustaining PR ⇔ ER ⇔ LE closed loop. This reduces the JiaBaolong two-axiom system to a single premise: "There exists at least one undefined syntactic position." We argue this constitutes the most parsimonious answer to the Leibniz Question ("Why is there something rather than nothing?"): Nothing is not a stable state — it is a self-detonating seed from which existence necessarily emerges. We further discuss implications across three domains: · Physics: The PR-ER-LE framework maps to quantum mechanics (LE ↔ Born rule), general relativity (ER ↔ spacetime geometry), and the four fundamental forces (topological effects of graph dynamics). · Computation: The Mediumless Computation theorems prove that PR-ER-LE dynamics are fundamentally incompatible with deterministic hardware (Anti-GPU, Anti-Multi-Core, Anti-Cache), resolving the Simulation Hypothesis negatively. · Consciousness: Qualia are identified as the macroscopic PR loop's first-person encounter with its own computational friction, providing a precise necessary condition for subjective experience. Computational verification via the Trinity Graph Process (TGP) demonstrates — through 500+ simulations at scales up to N = 80,000 — that the complete evolutionary chain VOID → TOPOLOGY → CHAOS → MATTER → CHEMISTRY → REPLICATION → SELECTION emerges spontaneously from PR ⇔ ER ⇔ LE dynamics, with universal constants (α_SOC = 1.4700 ± 0.0001, R = 3.1226 ± 0.0048) invariant across 8 independent universe ensembles. Keywords · Undefined · Self-referential paradox · JiaBaolong Axiom · PR-ER-LE framework · Computational ontology · Leibniz Question · Lazy Evaluation · Emergence · Trinity Graph Process · Mediumless Computation · Consciousness · Computational cosmology · Philosophy of mathematics · Simulation Hypothesis -/- . (shrink)

Background: Ethical challenges are common in clinical nursing practice, and an infectious environment could put nurses under ethical challenges more easily, which may cause nurses to submit to negative emotions and psychological pressure, damaging their mental health. Purpose: To examine the ethical challenges encountered by nurses caring for patients with the novel coronavirus pneumonia (COVID-19) and to provide nurses with suggestions and support regarding promotion of their mental health. Research design and method: A qualitative study was carried out using a (...) qualitative content analysis. The participants were 18 nurses who agreed to attend an interview and describe their own experiences of providing care to COVID-19 patients in China. They were purposively sampled, and structured, in-depth interviews were performed. Data were iteratively collected and analyzed from February to March 2020. Ethical considerations: The proposal was approved by the Research Ethics Committee of the Second Hospital of Shandong University, China. Findings: The findings revealed three main themes and 10 categories. The themes were the following: (1) ethical challenges (people with COVID-19, inequality, professional ethics, and job competency); (2) coping styles (active control and planning, seeking support as well as catharsis, and staying focused); and (3) impacts on career (specialized nursing skills, scientific research ability, and management skills). Conclusion: Nurses faced ethical challenges on multiple fronts in caring for COVID-19 patients. The results may help nurses with more safety, ethics, and humanistic care in nursing practice. (shrink)

The relationship between corporate social responsibility and corporate financial performance has long been a central and contentious debate in the literature. However, prior empirical studies provide indefinite conclusions. The purpose of this study is to review systematically and quantify the CSR–CFP link in a meta-analytic framework. Based on 119 effect sizes from 42 studies, this study estimates that the overall effect size of the CSR–CFP relationship is positive and significant, thus endorsing the argument that CSR does enhance financial performance. Furthermore, (...) this work sheds light on the causal relationship between CSR and CFP. Subsequent financial performance is associated with prior social responsibility, while the reverse direction is not supported. This finding supports the instrumental stakeholder theory. As predicted, the meta-analysis results indicate that the measurement strategies of the two key constructs of CSR and CFP explain some variations of the CSR–CFP relationship. Last, this study examines the moderating effect of the environmental context on the CSR–CFP link. This work proposes that CSR in the developed world, with a relatively mature institutional system and efficient market mechanism, will be more visible than CSR in the developing world. The results show that the CSR–CFP relationship is stronger for firms from advanced economies than for firms from developing economies. (shrink)

Fischer’s pedagogical work in Brno after WWII falls within the years 1945–1951 a 1957–1959. PhDr. Jiří Gabriel, met professor Fischer in person in 1957 after his return to the department in Brno. The majority of the quoted letters and greetings comes from 1969–1973. The last letter was written by J. L. Fischer about a month before his death († 17. 2. 1973). The letters provide evidence of professor Fischer’s diligence as well as his warm relationship to people around him.

Using agency theory, this study empirically examined the relationship between board composition and corporate philanthropy. Generally, the ratio of insiders to outsiders, the percentage of insider stock ownership, and the proportion of female and minority board members were found to be positively and significantly associated with firms'' charitable contributions.

Does greater CEO power come with more responsibility? Previous scholarly work in this field entails divergent results on this question. Based on the upper echelons theory and CEO power literature, this study aimed to explore the mechanisms underlying how different sources of CEO power, including structural, ownership, expert, and prestige power, affect firms’ corporate social responsibility (CSR) practices and whether such relationships are moderated by firm visibility. Using a panel dataset comprising 6604 yearly observations of Chinese publicly traded firms from (...) 2009 to 2019, we found that structural power is negatively related to CSR practices and that expert power is positively related to CSR practices, whereas ownership power and prestige power have no direct relationship with CSR practices. Our results show that firm visibility weakens the negative relationship between structural power and CSR practices and strengthens the relationship between expert power and CSR practices, respectively. Overall, this study reconciles the mixed results of previous studies on the impact of CEO power on CSR and integrates the effect of firm visibility as a contextual factor. This article concludes with practical recommendations on how to manage CSR engagement. (shrink)

Based on a survey of 2,361 directors in 291 of the largest companies of the Southeast States, this study empirically examined boards of directors' stakeholder orientations. The results indicate that there exist distinct stakeholder groups perceived by directors, directors have high stakeholder orientations, directors view some stakeholders differently depending on their occupation and type.

While an increasing number of organizations have introduced artificial intelligence as an important facilitating tool for learning online, the application of artificial intelligence in e-learning has become a hot topic for research in recent years. Over the past few decades, the importance of online learning has also been a concern in many fields, such as technological education, STEAM, AR/VR apps, online learning, amongst others. To effectively explore research trends in this area, the current state of online learning should be understood. (...) Systematic bibliometric analysis can address this problem by providing information on publishing trends and their relevance in various topics. In this study, the literary application of artificial intelligence combined with online learning from 2010 to 2021 was analyzed. In total, 64 articles were collected to analyze the most productive countries, universities, authors, journals and publications in the field of artificial intelligence combined with online learning using VOSviewer through WOS data collection. In addition, the mapping of co-citation and co-occurrence was explored by analyzing a knowledge map. The main objective of this study is to provide an overview of the trends and pathways in artificial intelligence and online learning to help researchers understand global trends and future research directions. (shrink)

Although previous studies focus on the role of women in the boardroom and corporate response to natural disasters, none evaluate how women directors influence corporate philanthropic disaster response (CPDR). This study collects data on the philanthropic responses of privately owned Chinese firms to the Wenchuan earthquake of May 12, 2008, and the Yushu earthquake of April 14, 2010. We find that when at least three women serve on a board of directors (BOD), their companies’ responses to natural disasters are more (...) significant. Age diversity among women on BODs as well as good corporate profitability (e.g., high earnings per share) positively moderates the relationship between women on BODs and CPDR. (shrink)

With the increasing attention to climate change, air pollution, and related public health issues, China’s new energy vehicles industry has developed rapidly. However, few studies investigated the evolution of interorganizational collaborative innovation networks in the sector domain of NEVs and the influence of different drivers on the establishment of innovation relationships. In this context, this paper uses the joint invention patent of Shenzhen, a low-carbon pilot city of China, to investigate the dynamics of network influencing factors. The social network analysis (...) shows that the scale of coinvention network of NEVs is constantly increasing, which is featured with diversified cooperative entities, and collaboration depth is also expanding. The empirical results from the Exponential Random Graph Model demonstrate that, with the deepening of collaborative innovation, technological upgrading caused by knowledge exchange makes organizations in the network more inclined to cognitive proximity and less dependent on geographical proximity. In addition, organizational proximity and triadic closure contribute positively to the collaborative network, with their relevance remaining nearly the same, while the impeding effect of cultural/language difference is slightly decreasing with time. (shrink)

Roger Ames in this book tries to further construct an alternative to a foundational individualism by concocting person, individual and personhood into an ethical conceptual regimen, as a substantia...

We examine enforcement action in China’s emerging markets by focusing on the agents that impose this action and the role played by supervisory boards. Using newly available databases, we find that supervisory boards play an active role when Chinese listed companies face enforcement action. Listed firms with larger supervisory boards are more likely to have more severe sanctions imposed upon them by the China Security Regulatory Commission, and listed companies that face more severe enforcement actions have more supervisory board meetings. (...) Our findings are of interest, as supervisory boards in China are generally perceived to be dysfunctional. This study contributes to the existing literature in three ways. First, we shed light on the effects of supervisory boards whose role in a fraud setting has not yet been examined. Second, the study has important policy implications for governance reform. Finally, our analyses provide the most up-to-date picture of fraud and governance issues in China’s ever-growing markets. (shrink)

Many corporations actively engage in political activities to enhance their relationships with politicians, facilitating access to scarce resources and creating competitive advantages. We investigate corporate donations to explore how they initiate interactions between firms and new local leaders in China. Specifically, we propose that political turnover creates unique opportunities for firms to win over new officials via corporate donations, especially in competitive markets. Moreover, we find that firms that make generous donations at the beginning of a new city secretary’s tenure (...) receive more attention from representatives of new local leaders, especially firms that were politically disadvantaged under a predecessor’s governance. Empirical studies on the turnover of city secretaries between 2001 and 2012 in China strongly support our hypotheses. Consequently, this study improves our understanding of how corporate donations initiate social exchanges between firms and politicians. (shrink)

Sequences of individual words make up media reports. And sequences of media reports constitute the power of the news media to influence corporate practices. In this paper, we focus on the micro-foundations of news reports to elaborate how an atmosphere of negative news reports following an initial exposure of corporate pollution activity can help stop such activity through their impact on corporate managers. We extend our understanding of the corporate governance effect of news media by considering two new aspects of (...) reports—one, the proportion of words in negative reports relative to the total number of words in all reports; and two, the geographical origin of news media. We suggest that the more negative the media coverage, and the more local this coverage, the greater the impact on corporations. Our study of news media reports from more than 600 newspaper sources on disciplining pollution activities of listed Chinese firms from 2004 to 2012 provides strong support for our hypotheses. These findings have valuable implications for the handling of pollution issues in transitional economies via the power of news words. (shrink)

Pavel Materna proposed valuable explications of concept and conceptual system. After their introduction, we contrast conceptual systems with (a novel notion of) derivation systems. Derivation systems differ from conceptual systems especially in including derivation rules. This enables us to show close connections among the realms of objects, their concepts, and reasoning with concepts.

A bare individual was conceived by Tichý as an individual such as if the property the individual instantiates is non-trivial , it is possible for the individual to lack it ; and for any trivial property that it cannot lack this kind of property. The exact readings of Tichý’s original formulations of are subjected to a detailed analysis to reveal that any of them is refutable by means of Cmorejian objection that there exist contingent properties which are partly essential . (...) To avoid such objection, the present paper attempts to rebuild Tichý’s definitions into viable ones. (shrink)

Metacognition refers to the knowledge and regulation of one’s own cognitive processes, which has been regarded as a critical component of creative thinking. However, the current literature on the association between metacognition and creative thinking remains controversial, and the underlying role of metacognition in the creative process appears to be insufficiently explored and explained. This review focuses on the roles of three aspects of metacognition (i.e., metacognitive knowledge, metacognitive experience, and metacognitive monitoring and control) in creative thinking and offers a (...) primary summary of the neurocognitive mechanisms that support metacognition during creative thinking. Future research is needed to explore the interactive effects of the metacognitive components on creative thinking and to elucidate the function of metacognition during different stages of the creative process. (shrink)

There has been no consensus on the neural dissociation between emotion-label and emotion-laden words, which remains one of the major concerns in affective neurolinguistics. The current study adopted dot-probe tasks to investigate the valence effect on attentional bias toward Chinese emotion-label and emotion-laden words. Behavioral data showed that emotional word type and valence interacted in attentional bias scores with an attentional bias toward positive emotion-laden words rather than positive emotion-label words and that this bias was derived from the disengagement difficulty (...) in positive emotion-laden words. In addition, an attentional bias toward negative emotion-label words relative to positive emotion-label words was observed. The event-related potential data demonstrated an interaction between emotional word type, valence, and hemisphere. A significant hemisphere effect was observed during the processing of positive emotion-laden word pairs rather than positive emotion-label, negative emotion-label, and negative emotion-laden word pairs, with positive emotion-laden word pairs eliciting an enhanced P1 in the right hemisphere as compared to the left hemisphere. Our results found a dynamic attentional bias toward positive emotion-laden words; individuals allocated more attention to positive emotion-laden words in the early processing stage and had difficulty disengaging attention from them in the late processing stage. (shrink)

In this volume we use “beyond comparison” to indicate a scholar who draws expertly on various traditions and explores new ideas. The subtitle, “Four Exemplars of Ru,” speaks to that person being a philosopher–not simply an academic philosopher who writes papers and analyzes texts, but someone who actually lives and practices their philosophy. In her piece on Li Zehou, Jinhua Jia introduces him as such a philosopher—which includes being a mentor and practitioner. This is exactly what we mean by a (...) “ru.” Jia’s paper outlines who Li was as a person. She provides a brief biographical sketch of his life and works, emphasizing how he embodied his ideas, and how he became an exemplar and supporter of many. As anyone who met him can attest to, Li engaged others with uncommon seriousness and sincerity. And as many PhD students come to realize, the character of such a mentor is perhaps even more important than their quality of thought. Truly being a philosopher, or a ru, means living with a certain attitude—as Li Zehou expertly did. (shrink)

Parental participation has gained significant attention in environmental psychology, which has revealed a need for an instrument that can measure parental participation with children regarding environmental issues. The present study met this need by validating the parental participation in the environment (PPE) scale. This process began with 45 Chinese parents participating in an individual interview and group discussions, which helped generate a list of eighteen parent-child environmental activities. The activities were then modified and validated in the current study with a (...) diverse group of 969 parents recruited from six major Chinese cities. Both score structure evidence and generalizability evidence were obtained within this sample, and psychometric tests suggested a single factor construct with nine items. Once the PPE scale was revised, it showed measurement invariance across the parent who responded to the items (mother vs. father), across the child’s primary caregiver (mother vs. father vs. grandparent), across the family’s living region (North China vs. South China), as well as across the family’s income group. Finally, evidence based on relations to other variables showed a relationship among parents’ PPE, pro-environmental behavior, and connectedness with nature. As a result, the study provided a novel measure to assess pro-environmental socializationviaparental participation. (shrink)

V letošním roce se profesor PhDr. Pavel Materna dožil pětaosmdesátin (* 21. dubna 1930 v Hněvkovicích u Ledče n. Sázavou). Jeho „brněnská léta“ začala v roce 1965 pří­chodem na katedru filosofie FF Masarykovy univerzity (tehdy UJEP). V roce 1957 ob­hájil kandidátskou dizertaci Zu einigen Fragen der modernen Definitionslehre a již pu­blikoval několik statí. Jeho posluchači brzy poznali, že je s logikou seznamuje i sbližuje odborník oddaný nejen svému oboru, nýbrž i učitelskému poslání. V Brně obhájil práci On Problems a habilitoval (...) se. Během komunistické normalizace byl zbaven možnosti teoreticky bádat a přednášet, avšak neoficiálně spolupracoval s brněnskými lingvisty a pražským seminářem Sgallovým. Materna byl ovlivněn transparentní intenzionální logikou svého přítele Pavla Tichého, v té době profesora na Otago University v Dunedi­nu na Novém Zélandě, kam v šedesátých létech emigroval. Materna odešel z brněnské fakulty v roce 1976, když byl zbaven možnosti publikovat. V Praze, kde měl stálé bydliště, se jako logik uplatnil v Projektovém ústavu dopravních a inženýrských staveb. Svůj volný čas využíval studiem a rozvojem TIL. Po sametové revoluci se stal členem oddělení logiky FÚ ČSAV, kde působí dodnes. Na Brno však nezapomněl a Brno neza­pomnělo na něj. Začal zde znovu přednášet logiku a již oficiálně rozvíjet TIL. V roce 1991 se na (už opět) Masarykově univerzitě stal řádným profesorem logiky. Vedl řadu doktorských studentů, z nichž J. Raclavský je jeho pedagogickým nástupcem; velmi úspěšným doktorandem byl také B. Jespersen z Dánska. Tak se TIL začal rozvíjet rovněž v Brně a díky spolupráci s Ostravou (M. Duží) lze nyní hovořit o škole TIL. Materna rád spolupracoval také se slovenskými kolegy, z nichž mnozí se stali členy školy. Je autorem několika českých a anglicky psaných prací týkajících se zejména teorie pojmů. Řadu článků napsal spolu s Marií Duží a „velká trojka“ ve složení Duží, Materna, Jespersen v roce 2010 publikovala knihu Procedural Semantics for Hyperintensional Logic ve vy­davatelství Springer. Za svou práci Materna obdržel medaile od Ministerstva školství, mládeže a tělovýchovy, Masarykovy univerzity a spolu s dalšími členy „velké trojky“ také za svou zahraniční publikaci. Své učitelské působení v Brně ukončil v červnu 2015. Na vědeckou práci v logice se jeho důchodcovský odpočinek ovšem nevztahuje. (shrink)

In the academic world, peer review is one of the major processes in evaluating a scholars contribution. In this study, we are interested in quantifying the merits of different policies in a peer review process, such as single-blind review, double-blind review, and obtaining authors feedback. Currently, insufficient work has been undertaken to evaluate the benefits of different peer review policies. One of the major reasons for this situation is the inability to conduct any empirical study because data are presently unavailable. (...) In this case, a computer simulation is one of the best ways to conduct a study. We perform a series of simulations to study the effects of different policies on a peer review process. In this study, we focus on the peer review process of a typical computer science conference. Our results point to the crucial role of program chairs in determining the quality and diversity of the articles to be accepted for publication. We demonstrate the importance of discussion among reviewers, suggest circumstances in which the double-blind review policy should be adopted, and question the credibility of the authors feedback mechanism. Finally, we stress that randomness plays an important role in the peer review process, and this role cannot be eliminated. Although our model may not capture every component of a peer review process, it covers some of the most essential elements. Thus, even the simulation results clearly cannot be taken as literal descriptions of an actual peer review process. However, we can at least still use them to identify alternative directions for future study. (shrink)

Yì 義 presents dual categories in classical Confucian conception. The first category is ethical-role duty originated from Zhou 周 ritual culture, which was a set of social norms defining ethical duties that fit each person’s role and status in the kinship group and society and regulating what was appropriate for a person’s behavior. The second category is moral conscience and rightness resulted from the internalization of social norms and ethical duties. From Confucius to Mencius, Xunzi 荀子, and others, while inheriting (...) and elaborating yì’s ethical implication of role duty from Zhou ritual culture, they also gradually internalized yì to become the subject’s moral conscience of doing right things. During this process, classical Confucianism gradually formed an ethico-moral conception of yì as both role duty and moral rightness that abridged the dual categories of social norms for interpersonal relations and moral values for personal autonomy. (shrink)

The present study investigated the lasting effects of sickness presenteeism on well-being and innovative job performance in the demanding Chinese work context compounded with the precarities of the post-pandemic business environment. Adopting the conservation of resources theory perspective, especially its proposition of compensation of resources, we incorporated social resources at work as joint moderators in the presenteeism–outcomes relationship. We employed a panel design in which all variables were measured twice with 6 months in between. Data were obtained from 323 Chinese (...) employees working in diverse industries in Taiwan. We found that after controlling for the baseline level of well-being, presenteeism did not have a lasting effect on employees' exhaustion. However, presenteeism did have a negative lasting effect on employees' innovative behavior 6 months later. Moreover, we found a significant three-way interaction of presenteeism, supervisory support, and collegial support on employees' innovative job performance, after controlling for the baseline level of performance. Specifically, when working under illness, employees displayed the best innovative performance with high levels of both supervisory and collegial support, the worst performance with both support being low, and the intermediate when any one of the support being high. This can be taken as the preliminary evidence to support the COR proposition of resource caravans, showing that supervisory support and collegial support compensated for each other as critical resources in alleviating the impact of working under sickness on employees' innovative performance. Theoretical implications of the findings are discussed, taking into account the macro-cultural context of the East Asian Confucian societies. We also reflected on the managerial implications of the lasting damages of sickness presenteeism and benefits of mobilizing social resources on employees' well-being and performance. (shrink)

The Aṣṭasāhasrikā Prajñāpāramitā Sūtra criticizes the traditional practice of dwelling in an isolated place for self-cultivation and advocates returning to the human realm with a liberated mind and compassionate engagement. This new theory of detachment aims at defining the Bodhisattva, a new ideal character, for the rising Mahāyāna movement. In his theory of eremitism at court, Guo Xiang 郭象 describes a sage image of governing the empire with a detached mind. This image is invested with the concept of self-liberation from (...) reality and defines a new ideal character that actively engages in sociopolitical affairs while becoming freed from personal concerns. Guo Xiang’s sage image is similar to the Bodhisattva image in several aspects, and textual and historical evidence shows that Guo likely read the two early translations of the Aṣṭasāhasrikā and other Buddhist texts and was influenced by them to a certain extent. With the influence of Buddhist ideas, Guo completed the Mysterious Learning’s mission of harmonizing the teaching of names with spontaneity. (shrink)

Facial expressions of emotion play an important role in human social interactions. However, posed expressions of emotion are not always the same as genuine feelings. Recent research has found that facial expressions are increasingly used as a tool for understanding social interactions instead of personal emotions. Therefore, the credibility assessment of facial expressions, namely, the discrimination of genuine (spontaneous) expressions from posed (deliberate/volitional/deceptive) ones, is a crucial yet challenging task in facial expression understanding. With recent advances in computer vision and (...) machine learning techniques, rapid progress has been made in recent years for automatic detection of genuine and posed facial expressions. This paper presents a general review of the relevant research, including several spontaneous vs. posed (SVP) facial expression databases and various computer vision based detection methods. In addition, a variety of factors that will influence the performance of SVP detection methods are discussed along with open issues and technical challenges in this nascent field. (shrink)

Due to the logical problems of unclear boundaries, staggered parallels, disordered standard, etc., existing in Jakobson’s intralingual, interlingual, and intersemiotic translations, the first triadic division of translation in terms of semiotics has been criticized since the 1980s. However, most of the previous semiotic research in China and the world at large still stays on the interlingual translation of literary texts, neglecting semiotic transformations as a sign activity and semiosis between tangible signs and intangible ones in the same and/or different period (...) of time, within the same ethnic culture or across the distinctive ethnic cultures. Hereby, it is necessary to refer to and redefine the term “semiosphere” introduced by Yuri Lotman in 1984 and the literatures after, to revise intrasemiospheric translation, intersemiospheric translation, and suprasemiospheric translation introduced in Jia. 31–46), and to elaborate on their nature, structure, content, and connotative significance. This is not only conducive to building translation semiotics as a subfield of general semiotics, but also to broadening the theoretical visions of applied semiotics and translation studies, and verifying the theoretical validity of general semiotics and translation semiotics in interpreting and explaining the semiotic transformations in translation as a special sign activity. (shrink)

Objective: Based on how the identity of doctoral students is recognized and understood in the context of Chinese culture, we developed a doctoral identity scale using both qualitative and quantitative analyses.Methods: The initial project of the Scale was formed through qualitative analyses and expert consultation. Nine hundred and ninety-one doctoral students were officially tested, and 982 valid questionnaires were obtained. They were randomly divided into two parts, and 491 of which were assessed for item Response Theory and exploratory factor analysis (...) and 491 of which were assessed for confirmatory factor analysis. The Subjective Well-Being Scale, the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale, and the Psychological Sense of School Membership Scale were used to test its the criterion-related validity. One hundred and forty-one students were selected for retesting after 8 weeks.Results: The doctoral student identity questionnaire consisted of two factors identity exploration and identity commitment, explaining 57% of the total variance. The results of CFA showed that the two-factor model fitted the data well. The two dimensions of the Doctoral Student Identity Scale were significantly and positively correlated with the two dimensions of the SWB scale, the latent factor of the RSE scale, and the latent factor of the PSSM scale. Composite reliability values for exploration and commitment were 0.79 and 0.83 respectively, and the values of McDonald’s omega for exploration and commitment were 0.81 and 0.85 respectively. The test-retest reliability of the total questionnaire was 0.842.Conclusion: The Doctoral Student Identity Scale was developed with good reliability and validity, and can be used as a reliable tool for measuring the doctoral student identity. In addition, the questionnaire will provide corresponding ideas and methods for studying the identity issues of specific groups. (shrink)

Previous research has shown that the proactive deprioritization of emotional distractors through the provision of information about the distractors or passive habituation of emotional distractors may attenuate emotion-induced blindness (EIB) in the rapid serial visual presentation stream. However, whether prior memory encoding of emotional distractors could bias the EIB effect remains unknown. To address this question, this study employed a three-phase paradigm integrating an item-method direct forgetting (DF) procedure with a classic EIB procedure. Participants completed a memory coding phase to (...) either remember or forget negative pictures, then performed an intermediate phase of the EIB test, and finally finished a recognition test. Critically, the same to-be-forgotten (TBF) and to-be-remembered (TBR) negative pictures in the memory learning phase were used as emotional distractors in the intermediate EIB test. The results replicated the typical DF effect by showing higher recognition accuracies for TBR pictures compared to those for TBF pictures. More importantly, the TBF negative distractors attenuated the EIB effect compared to the TBR negative distractors, but showed a comparable EIB effect as the novel negative distractors. These findings indicate that prior memory encoding manipulations of negative distractors could bias subsequent EIB effects, providing an important approach to modulate the EIB effect. (shrink)

What is the origin of the universe? This paper provides a purely mathematical answer. -/- We prove that the generative origin of any non-trivial, self-contained totality must be paradoxical self-reference (PR) — the logical structure exemplified by "This sentence is false," formalized as f(O) = ¬O. -/- The entire proof is a six-step mathematical deduction from exactly two premises: -/- The universe contains arithmetic — a minimal empirical postulate: countable objects exist. -/- Gödel's First Incompleteness Theorem (1931) — a rigorously (...) proven mathematical theorem. -/- No philosophical assumption is required. No metaphysics. -/- The Six Steps Step -/- Claim -/- Basis -/- A -/- The universe contains arithmetic -/- Empirical postulate -/- B -/- Any description of the universe necessarily contains PR -/- Gödel's theorem -/- C -/- PR is unavoidable under every logical framework -/- Consistency–inconsistency dilemma -/- D -/- Systems containing arithmetic cannot be static — they must have generative structure -/- Gödelian generativity: F₀ ⊂ F₁ ⊂ F₂ ⊂ ⋯ -/- E -/- The generative origin must be self-referential -/- Elimination of external causes -/- F -/- Only PR can generate; tautological self-reference is sterile -/- TR orbit = {O}, but the universe has ≥ 2 states -/- Main Theorem. The generative origin of the universe is necessarily paradoxical self-reference (PR). -/- Why the Universe Cannot Be Static Gödel's theorem proves that any formal system containing arithmetic necessarily generates true propositions beyond its own axioms. This process is non-terminable: F₀ ⊂ F₁ ⊂ F₂ ⊂ ⋯ — an infinite ascending chain of systems, each transcending the last. A "purely static" universe — one where everything is settled within a finite foundation — is logically impossible. -/- The Consistency–Inconsistency Dilemma The proof eliminates even the assumption of consistency: -/- Consistent → Gödel applies → PR exists -/- Classically inconsistent → Explosion (trivialism) → Cannot describe a non-trivial universe → Eliminated -/- Paraconsistently inconsistent → True contradictions (dialetheiae) are direct realizations of PR -/- Under every possible logical framework, PR is unavoidable. -/- Premises Premise -/- Status -/- Cost of Denial -/- Universe contains arithmetic -/- Weak empirical postulate -/- Abandoning all arithmetic and physics -/- Gödel's theorem -/- Proven (1931) -/- Unchallengeable -/- Universe is self-contained -/- By definition -/- Redefining "universe" -/- Universe is non-trivial -/- Empirical fact -/- Denying all distinctions -/- Consistency is not a premise — it has been eliminated. -/- Document The PDF contains the complete paper in two languages: -/- English version (first half) -/- Chinese version (second half) -/- Both versions are identical in content and structure. -/- Keywords paradoxical self-reference, PR, Gödel's incompleteness theorem, ontogenesis, generativity, first cause, origin of the universe, self-contained totality, paraconsistent logic, foundations of mathematics, mathematical ontology, cosmogony -/- Author Baolong Jia (贾宝龙) Independent Researcher. (shrink)

Title From Chaos to Life in Medium-Free Topological Dynamics: Complete Numerical Verification of the Trinity Graph Process (Phases 0–6: Topology → Chaos → Matter → Chemistry → Selection) -/- Authors Jia, Baolong (贾宝龙) -/- Description Can a minimal graph-dynamical system spontaneously generate the complete hierarchy from chaos through matter, chemistry, and replication to Darwinian selection — without any externally imposed spatial structure or biological rules? -/- This paper presents a comprehensive numerical verification of the Trinity Graph Process (TGP) — a (...) medium-free dynamical system on directed graphs governed by four bounded-rate parameters (v₁, v₂, v₃, v₄) and three interacting mechanisms: Paradox-Referential selection (PR), Entity-Relation substrate (ER), and Lazy Evaluation conflict resolution (LE). Through 500+ simulations across system sizes N = 50 to N = 80,000, eight parallel-universe ensembles, and up to 1.5 × 10⁶ ticks, we establish a complete evolutionary hierarchy spanning seven phases: -/- Phase 0–2 (Topology → Chaos → Fractals): -/- Deterministic Chaos (VERY HIGH confidence): Universal positive Lyapunov exponents λ > 0 in 78/78 configurations. Scaling law λ ≈ 1.04·N^(−0.60) (R² = 0.975). Chaos originates from the self-referential topological feedback loop. -/- Strange Attractor: Fractal correlation dimension D₂ = 1.85 ± 0.05; graph fractal dimension d_B = 2.57 ± 0.28. -/- Topological Gliders: Persistent triangles survive chaos with 95–99% tick-to-tick persistence. -/- Phase 3–4 (Matter → Interactions): -/- Emergent Matter: Directed triangles form elementary particles with a Boltzmann mass spectrum: E(w) = 0.55w + 0.43w² (R² > 0.999999). Universal weight ratio R = w₀/w₁ = 3.1226 ± 0.0048. -/- Particle Physics: Five distinct collision outcomes (scatter, bind, fuse, annihilate, asymmetric destruction) satisfying detailed balance. -/- Phase 4.5–5 (Chemistry → Replication): -/- Emergent Chemistry: Edge-sharing dimers with linear binding energy t₁/₂ = 4.65 + 1.24w. Mutual bonds 1.28× stronger than one-way bonds (graph-theoretic covalent vs. ionic). -/- Template-Directed Inheritance: Parent-child weight correlation r = 0.295 ± 0.005, temperature-independent across a 40× range. -/- Phase 6 (Darwinian Selection): -/- At low decoherence (dec ≤ 10), natural selection emerges spontaneously: heavy particles (w=3) achieve 75× higher fitness than light particles (w=0). Confirmed at N = 80,000 with 1.5M ticks. -/- Universal Constants (8-universe verification): -/- R = 3.1226 ± 0.0048 (0.15% precision) -/- α_SOC = 1.4700 ± 0.0001 (invariant to 4th decimal across 8 universes) -/- D₂ = 1.624 ± 0.008 -/- Lyapunov λ = +0.2774 ± 0.0107 (8/8 universes chaotic) -/- The complete evolutionary chain VOID → TOPOLOGY → CHAOS → MATTER → CHEMISTRY → REPLICATION → SELECTION is now computationally verified, each phase emerging spontaneously from the PR⇔ER⇔LE dynamics without external coding. The Phase 5→6 transition confirms the JiaBaolong Axiom's prediction that life requires PR dominance over LE — the axiom-level explanation for why life requires non-equilibrium conditions. -/- This is the third paper in a series formalizing the JiaBaolong Axiom System's Trinity Universe Theory, following the foundational axiom paper (Zenodo 19440952) and the cosmology formalization paper (Zenodo 19469833). -/- Two Rust simulators and Python analysis scripts are included. Results are fully reproducible. -/- Version History v1 (April 2026): Initial release — Phase 0–2 (chaos, fractals, gliders), 400+ simulations, N ≤ 5,554. -/- v2 (April 2026): Minor corrections and additional analysis. -/- v3 (April 2026): Major expansion — Phase 0–6 complete evolutionary hierarchy, 500+ simulations, N up to 80,000, 8-universe verification, emergent matter/chemistry/replication/selection. -/- Keywords deterministic chaos, strange attractor, correlation dimension, Lyapunov exponent, fractal dimension, Trinity Graph Process, TGP, medium-free topological dynamics, self-referential graph dynamics, topological gliders, emergent matter, emergent chemistry, Darwinian selection, template-directed inheritance, Boltzmann mass spectrum, detailed balance, binding energy, self-organized criticality, universal constants, parallel-universe verification, JiaBaolong Axiom, bounded-rate graph dynamics, emergent topology -/- 中文关键词 确定性混沌、奇异吸引子、关联维度、Lyapunov指数、分形维度、三元图过程、TGP、无介质拓扑动力学、自指图动力学、拓扑滑翔体、涌现物质、涌现化学、达尔文选择、模板导向遗传、Boltzmann质量谱 、详细平衡、结合能、自组织临界性、普适常数、平行宇宙验证、贾宝龙公理、有界速率图动力学、涌现拓扑. (shrink)