Neste artigo, buscaremos refletir sobre como Hannah Arendt concebe um certo tipo de educação ao mesmo tempo _conservadora_ e _revolucionária_. Este será, assim como a indicação de que pensar sobre a questão educacional das crianças e jovens diz respeito a uma crise mais geral na modernidade, um ponto de tensionamento rumo à hipótese segundo a qual é possível refletir sobre como inserir os imigrantes, refugiados ou apátridas em um local ao qual se dirigiram e que lhes é estranho. Para tanto, (...) o fio condutor desta argumentação será o conceito de natalidade, pois consideramos ser a partir dele que Arendt evoca a radicalidade da qual todos os seres humanos são portadores, isto é, a potencialidade de começar algo novo. Assim, articulam-se os tensionamentos entre conservar um mundo que é precedente aos que lhe são recém-chegados, tanto as crianças como os migrantes, ao mesmo tempo em que estes adicionam algo de si mesmo neste mundo para os que ainda estão por vir. (shrink)

The rapid advancement of artificial intelligence (AI) has profoundly transformed many people's lives, ChatGPT being a clear example, whose capabilities have substantially influenced the automation of tasks such as writing texts and providing information sources for researchers. This review article aims to understand the impact of AI on academic writing and why its use can be considered plagiarism. The Prism method was used to analyze the studies, which initially totaled 824, and after excluding them for duplicity and by title, a (...) total of 137 were left, of which we proceeded to review those that were open access and those that were related to the study, obtaining a total of 54 manuscripts closely related to the research topic; the results were then segmented into three questions, What are the text-matching tools that help to identify the use of AI in article writing?, What strategies are used to regulate the use of AI in writing scientific articles? and What techniques are used to detect AI-generated text?, which were key to comparing the results of the review with the findings of the authors belonging to the literature review. The results showed that, from 2022 onwards, AI became a recurring topic among researchers in China and the United States, allowing the emergence of popular techniques and software such as Turnitin or GPTZero to identify when these linguistic models were used in writing tasks, as well as strategies to regulate their use in controlled environments. In the end, it was concluded that there is a fine line between ethics and abuse of AI capabilities, and further research and study of different techniques is recommended to recognize when these tools are blatantly used. (shrink)

Neste artigo, pretendo oferecer uma reconstrução de um dos argumentos mobilizados por Hume contra as tradicionais concepções modais de causação para mostrar como ele, quando reinterpretado à luz da tese do anomalismo psicofísico, pode se mostrar convincente no debate contemporâneo sobre causação. Meu argumento envolve reformular inteiramente a estratégia argumentativa humeana e reavaliar criticamente as razões originalmente apresentadas por ele para, assim, reintroduzir o que julgo ser seu argumento mais promissor remodelado pelos conceitos de anomalismo psicofísico, apriorismo e a nomologia (...) da causação mente-corpo, tal como desenvolvidos por Donald Davidson e Kim Jaegwon. Concluo, então, a partir de considerações acerca da causação mental em deliberações e ações morais, como esta versão reconstruída do argumento de Hume poderia persuadir Kant, um dos filósofos que tradicionalmente articulou e desenvolveu um tipo de explicação modal de causação. (shrink)

ABSTRACT In this paper, I intend to offer an evolutionary interpretation of the concept of sympathy in Hume’s ethical theory based on the general tenets of contemporary evolutionary ethical theory. By presenting the conceptual frameworks that make up these theories, my argument involves specifying that, for both of them, the psychological mechanism of sympathy seems to figure as an essential evolutionary trait of moral and altruistic behavior in the human species. In the context of evolutionary biology, two evolutionary models have (...) been developed to explain the logic of human altruistic behavior: i) kin selection and ii) multilevel selection. I argue, based on textual evidence in Hume’s work, that the psychological mechanism of sympathy seems to be best explained by the multilevel selection model. I conclude, then, by highlighting some important contributions that this evolutionary interpretation can make to the general plausibility of Hume’s ethical theory. (shrink)

Este artículo analiza el fenómeno de las empresas transnacionales, con especial enfoque en la “chantaje locacional” y el “vacío jurídico”, que les permite operar a menudo fuera del alcance efectivo de las regulaciones estatales. La chantaje locacional se refiere a la capacidad de estas empresas para presionar a los gobiernos locales mediante la amenaza de trasladar sus operaciones a países con condiciones más favorables, lo que genera una flexibilización de las leyes laborales, fiscales y ambientales. Esto no solo desafía la (...) soberanía estatal, sino que exacerba las desigualdades globales, favoreciendo a las regiones desarrolladas y marginando a aquellas con menores conexiones al capital transnacional. El artículo aborda cómo el “vacío jurídico” alrededor de las actividades de las empresas transnacionales se puede entender a través de la ética de la responsabilidad de Hans Jonas. Según Jonas, la ética debe expandirse para considerar las consecuencias a largo plazo de las acciones humanas sobre el medio ambiente y las generaciones futuras. Asimismo, se introduce el concepto de “turboglobalización” de Gonçal Mayos, que describe una fase de globalización acelerada y descontrolada, donde las grandes empresas transnacionales utilizan su poder para moldear las políticas de los Estados en su favor, profundizando las desigualdades y debilitando la capacidad de los gobiernos para proteger los derechos de sus ciudadanos. (shrink)

Neste artigo, pretendo desafiar duas teses que compõem a interpretação padrão da teoria de justiça social de Hume. Primeiro, que esse entendimento não oferece recursos conceituais sufi cientes para se esboçar uma teoria de justiça distributiva e, segundo, que essa teoria é, em princípio, indiferente a ocasionais arranjos sociais fortemente desiguais. Contrariamente, proponho aqui um esboço para uma possível teoria de justiça distributiva em Hume. Argumento, com base em evidência textual, que Hume aborda sistematicamente questões como a distribuição inicial, mudanças (...) na ordem distributiva e, finalmente, ocasionais arranjos redistributivos à luz de princípios que combinam associações imaginativas, considerações de interesse público e intuições utilitaristas. (shrink)

The Direct Argument argues for the claim that determinism and moral responsibility are incompatible. The most controversial assumption of the argument is the thought that "not being responsible for" transfers across conditionals: if no one is (even partially) morally responsible for the fact that p is true, and no one is (even partially) morally responsible for the fact that p? q is true, then no one is (even partially) morally responsible for the fact that q is true. Here we argue (...) that the principle is true if one accepts a truth-maker account of the relationship between non-responsibility and propositions. While non-responsibility transfers across conditionals, one upshot of the truth-maker account is that it allows one to be responsible for necessary truths. (shrink)

Resenha do livro de: ALVES NETO, Rodrigo Ribeiro. Alienações do mundo: uma interpretaçáo da obra de Hannah Arendt. Rio de Janeiro/Sáo Paulo: Editora PUC-Rio/Edições Loyola, 2009, 216 p.

Resumo: Este artigo busca compreender a situaçáo filosófica de alguns dos autores cujas vidas e cujos pensamentos estiveram entre Kant e Hegel. Romantismo alemáo foi como ficou conhecida esta época. Dentre seus primeiros autores, estiveram Friedrich Schlegel e Novalis, além de Hölderlin. Tais pensadores buscaram superar a crítica feita por Kant à pretensáo do conhecimento filosófico de alcançar a verdade absoluta, as coisas como sáo em si mesmas. Essa superaçáo, contudo, jamais conseguiu, para eles, completar-se – como aconteceria depois no (...) sistema de Hegel, para quem contradições só seriam aceitas como etapas do que chamou de dialética, cuja essência era, ao fim, solucioná-las na figura da síntese. Limitaçáo finita do homem diante do todo do ser, como firmara Kant, era o que ficava para trás com Hegel. Schlegel, Novalis e Hölderlin náo se contentam com a crítica de Kant, mas tampouco acreditam na síntese de Hegel. Parecem sugerir outro caminho para a modernidade ocidental, que náo se jogava na sanha hegeliana pelo saber absoluto sem despertá-la, toda vez, pela consciência crítica kantiana – e que náo se contentava com esta sem sonhar com aquela. Tal caminho é o que este artigo busca compreender. Palavras-chave: Hegel; Kant; Romantismo. (shrink)

In the history of climate ethics debate, the understanding that both adaptation and mitigation policies are necessary has been quite unstable. Although a well-balanced mix of both strategies was supported in the Villach (1985) and Toronto (1988) conferences, throughout the 1980s most people favoured adaptation. This contrasts with preference for mitigation in the 1990s and early 2000s. We argue that by mid-century adaptation will be considered, again, more urgent, for most mitigation pathways to the achievement of the Paris Agreement involve (...) a temperature overshoot. The generation living under the overshoot period, then, will probably prioritize adaptation policies, harming subsequent generations. (shrink)

In many vertebrates, the enzymatic oxidation of dietary yellow carotenoids generates red keto‐carotenoids giving color to ornaments. The oxidase CYP2J19 is here a key effector. Its purported intracellular location suggests a shared biochemical pathway between trait expression and cell functioning. This might guarantee the reliability of red colorations as individual quality signals independent of production costs. We hypothesize that the ornament type (feathers vs. bare parts) and production costs (probably CYP2J19 activity compromising vital functions) could have promoted tissue‐specific gene relocation. (...) We review current avian tissue‐specific CYP2J19 expression data. Among the ten red‐billed species showing CYP2J19 bill expression, only one showed strong hepatic expression. Moreover, a phylogenetically‐controlled analysis of 25 red‐colored species shows that those producing red bare parts are less likely to have strong hepatic CYP2J19 expression than species with only red plumages. Thus, both production costs and shared pathways might have contributed to the evolution of red signals. (shrink)

In this paper, we analyze the legal situation regarding physician-assisted suicide in the world. Our hypothesis is that the prohibitive stance on physician-assisted suicide in most societies in the world today seems to be related to our moral attitudes toward suicide. This brings us to a discussion about life itself. We claim that the total lack of legal protection for physician-assisted suicide from international organizations and most countries in the world lies in a philosophical assumption that supports much of our (...) common beliefs about what life really is. This assumption states that life must be thought of as not belonging exclusively to the individual. We argue that this assumption is a misconception that can be heard in the debate on suicide. Consequently we endorse a different conception of life which tends to favor a pro-choice stance towards suicide and assisted death in general. This position takes the patient’s decision about when to die more seriously. We conclude that there is no reason why physician-assisted suicide does not deserve legal protection as an individual right to die under international law. (shrink)

This paper criticizes the thesis of the neutrality of moral values of artifacts, and makes the case for a proposal known as Value Sensitive Design, which states that moral values must be considered in the construction and analysis of artifacts. First, (1) we will present the best defense of the thesis of the neutrality of moral values of artifacts, made by Joseph Pitt. In the following, (2) we will criticize each of the arguments presented by Pitt in favor of the (...) neutrality thesis. Finally, (3) we will consider the Value Sensitive Design proposal presented by Ibo van de Poel and Peter Kroes and explain how it would be suitable for a critique of the values and moral issues that artifacts can represent. (shrink)

This work analyzes and characterizes the spread of the COVID-19 disease in Mexico, using complex networks and optimization approaches. Specifically, we present two methodologies based on the principle of the rupture for the GC and Newton's law of motion to quantify the robustness and identify the Mexican municipalities whose population causes a fast spread of the SARS-CoV-2 virus. Specifically, the first methodology is based on several characteristics of the original version of the Vertex Separator Problem, and the second is based (...) on a new mathematical model. By solving VSP, we can find nodes that cause the rupture of the giant component. On the other hand, solving the NLM can find more influential nodes for the entire system’s development. Specifically, we present an analysis using a coupled social network model with information about the main characteristics of the contagion and deaths caused by COVID-19 in Mexico for 19 months. This work aims to show through the approach of complex networks how the spread of the disease behaves, and, thus, researchers from other areas can delve into the characteristics that cause this behavior. (shrink)

Chronic migraine is a difficult disease to diagnose, and its pathophysiology remains undefined. Its symptoms affect the quality of life and daily living tasks of the affected person, leading to momentary disability. This is a pilot, randomized, controlled, double-blind clinical trial study with female patients between 18 and 65 years old with chronic migraine. The patients underwent twelve mindfulness sessions paired with anodal transcranial direct-current stimulation over the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, with current intensity of 2 mA applied for 20 (...) min, three times a week for 4 weeks. In addition, 20 min of mindfulness home practices were performed by guided meditation audio files. A total of 30 participants were evaluated after the treatment, and these were subdivided into two groups—active tDCS and sham tDCS, both set to mindfulness practice. The FFMQ-BR, MIDAS, and HIT-6 questionnaires were used to evaluate the outcomes. After the treatment, the active mindfulness and tDCS group showed better results in all outcomes. The sham group also showed improvements, but with smaller effect sizes compared to the active group. The only significant difference in the intergroup analysis was the outcome evaluated by HIT-6 in the post treatment result. Our results provide the first therapeutic evidence of mindfulness practices associated with left DLPFC anodal tDCS with a consequent increase in the level of full attention and analgesic benefits in the clinical symptoms of patients with chronic migraine. (shrink)

Olympic combat sports are unconventional physical activity strategies to train middle-aged and older people with and without health problems. This systematic review aimed to assess the available body of published peer-reviewed articles related to the effects of Olympic combat sports interventions on health-related quality of life in adults aged 45 and older. The search was carried out in five generic databases until July 2021 and the protocol was registered in PROSPERO. The PRISMA guidelines were followed and the Downs and Black (...) checklist was used to assessed the methodological quality of the studies. After reviewing 1,151 records, only seven studies met the inclusion criteria, adding 212 participants with a mean age of 63.7 years. Six studies provided data to calculate the effect size in the Olympic combat sports groups. Three studies reported beneficial changes with a small ES for the total score of the health-related quality of life. Two studies reported a beneficial change with a small ES and strong ES for physical health. One study reported improvements with a small ES for emotional and functional well-being. In conclusion, interventions based on Olympic combat sports produce beneficial effects with a small and moderate ES on health-related quality of life in male and female aged 45 and older who are healthy participants, participants with Parkinson's disease, and participants with breast cancer.Systematic Review Registration:https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/, PROSPERO: CRD42021244161. (shrink)

Apresentação / Pablo Lorenzano Introdução / Os editores Princípios em cosmologia / Antonio Augusto Passos Videira Aleatoriedad vs. arbitrariedad en la mecánica estadística clásica / Eduardo H. Flichman La teoría galileana de la materia: resolutio e infinitos indivisibles / Fernando Tula Molina Ciencia y música en la obra de Vincenzo Galilei (ca. 1520-1591) / Guillermo Boido & Eduardo Kastika T-invariancia, irreversibilidad, flecha del tiempo: similares pero diferentes / Olimpia Lombardi Mapa das interpretações da teoria quântica / Osvaldo Pessoa Jr. Aspectos (...) epistemológicos y geométricos de la teoría del campo unificado de Schrödinger / Victor Rodríguez & Pedro W. Lamberti. (shrink)

O artigo analisa como o diagnóstico feito pela filosofia de Hegel no século XIX sobre o fim da arte é encontrado ainda no pensamento estético do crítico e escritor modernista Mário de Andrade no século XX, no Brasil. Sem ter se detido na análise do filósofo alemão, Mário contudo preocupou-se com a perda do antigo sentido social da arte, pois ela afastaria o Modernismo da pretensão de servir de esteio para a formação do Brasil. Os anos heroicos de 1920 (...) da vanguarda brasileira cederam espaço, desde a década de 1930, para a autocrítica sobre o individualismo e o formalismo da arte moderna. Este artigo sustenta a tese de que tal autocrítica tardia de Mário de Andrade ao Modernismo deveu-se à tomada de consciência sobre o que, segundo a estética de Hegel, chamamos de fim da arte. (shrink)

O artigo analisa os motivos que fizeram o pensador indígena Ailton Krenak temer um metafórico segundo exílio de Darcy Ribeiro: se o primeiro foi político, após o Golpe Militar de 1964, o mais recente seria intelectual, pelo esquecimento de sua obra. Formula-se, como hipótese, que dois fatores ajudam a entender a ameaça de exílio do legado de Darcy Ribeiro: o primeiro é a forma de escrita ensaística e imaginativa dos seus livros, que desafia o cientificismo acadêmico; o segundo é o (...) conteúdo modernista de seu projeto de Brasil, fundado na inclusão indígena e na educação, tal como sonhara Oswald de Andrade nos anos 1920 ao falar da dupla base com “a floresta e a escola”, o que desafia a história etnocida e ignorante que governou o país. (shrink)

O ensaio conecta a memória pessoal e cultural do próprio autor a uma constelação de artistas gays que abordaram de modo autobiográfico os vínculos afetivos entre filhos homossexuais e suas mães. Trata-se de uma associação transnacional e trans-histórica entre literatura, cinema e artes plásticas a partir da obra de Abdellah Taïa, Édouard Louis, Roland Barthes, Pier Paolo Pasolini, Pedro Almodóvar, Caio Fernando Abreu, Xavier Dolan, Pedro Lemebel, Farnese de Andrade, Paulo Gustavo e Rainer Werner Fassbinder. Com isso, (...) o ensaio passeia por cumplicidades sinuosas entre mães e filhos gays, esse vínculo em que tanto a designação de gênero da maternidade quanto a aparição da homossexualidade operam como corte e firmamento. Não se trata de extrair uma compreensão homogênea e psicologizante desses vínculos, mas de refletir, a partir da memória pessoal e cultural figurada nas artes, assim como a partir do gesto de narrar, a história social incorporada e subjetivada de ser mãe e de ser filho homossexual em processos de vinculação. (shrink)

​​Das Jahr 2024 stand in der philosophischen Welt im Zeichen Kants, im Gedenken Kants und im Denken mit Kant. Am 22. April 2024 wurde der 300. Geburtstag des Philosophen aus Königsberg, heute Kaliningrad, vielerorts gefeiert, wurde seines Wirkens gedacht. Sein höchst beeindruckendes Oeuvre war darüber hinaus in diesem besonderen Gedenkjahr mehr als sonst weltweit Gegenstand von Forschungen, Tagungen und verschiedensten medialen Vergegenwärtigungen. Kant, damals und heute, der Titel des internationalen Kongresses in Valencia, ist Programm, für das Kant-Jahr ebenso wie für (...) diesen Kongress, der vom 14. bis 18. Oktober 2024 stattfand. Kants Philosophie im Heute und Jetzt zu studieren bedeutet, sich in die Sprache, den Sprachduktus der Zeit von damals zu vertiefen, den Logos von damals zu erkunden, den philosophischen und wissenschaftlichen Horizont von Kant in seinem Damals zu rekonstruieren, wie auch, Kant im Heute zu begreifen und für gegenwärtiges Denken zu erschließen. (shrink)

Departing from Anderson’s (2016) suggestion that there are three communities in Peirce’s thought corresponding to his three normative sciences of logic, ethics, and esthetics, I argue that these communities partake in a relationship of dependence similar to that found among the normative sciences. In this way, just as logic relies on ethics which relies on esthetics, so too would a logical community of inquirers rely on an ethical community of love, which would rely on an esthetic community of artists. A (...) community could conduct inquiry together only if it pursued the same goal; and it could pursue the same goal only if it first imaginatively construed it. Any logical or ethical community requires a shared imaginative repertoire of ideal ends. (shrink)

Este libro reivindica los términos cientificismo y cientificista, utilizados habitualmente como insultos por posmodernos, religiosos y enemigos de la ciencia en general. "Este libro es una recopilación de ensayos de autores que decididamente están del lado de la ciencia en esta guerra cultural. Muy oportunamente, estos autores advierten que el cientificismo no debería ser objeto de vergüenza. En algunos debates, personas como Richard Dawkins y Sam Harris han sido acusadas de ser cientificistas, y en vez de asumir esta etiqueta con (...) orgullo suelen negar que lo sean. Este libro, en cambio, es un elogio del cientificismo. En sus capítulos los autores exponen por qué defender a ultranza la ciencia no ha de ser motivo de vergüenza, por qué la sociedad moderna necesita más (no menos) ciencia, y por qué la ciencia debe trascender las fronteras que tradicionalmente se le han querido imponer” (Gabriel Andrade). (shrink)

This paper discusses the role of cultural anthropology in Cognitive Science. Culture is described as a very large pool of information passed along from generation to generation, composed of learned “programs” for action and understanding. These cultural programs differ in important ways from computer programs. Cultural programs tend to be unspecified and inexplicit rather than clearly stated algorithms learned through a slow process of guided discovery, and involve the manipulation of content based rather than formal symbol systems. Cultural symbol systems (...) often have affective as well as objective referents, giving them a strong directive effect. The argument is made that in the process of repeated social transmission and use, cultural programs come to take forms which have a good “fit” to the natural capacities and constraints of the human information processing system. (shrink)

This paper explores the ethical dilemma of conflicting loyalties found in whistleblowing. Central to this dilemma is the internal/external disclosure dichotomy; disclosure of organisational wrongdoing to an external recipient is seen as disloyal, whilst disclosure to an internal recipient is seen as loyal. Understanding how the organisation and society have dealt with these problems over the last 30 years is undertaken through an analysis of Vandekerckhove’s project, which seeks to place the normative legitimisations of whistleblowing legislation and organisational whistleblowing policies (...) within a globalisation semantic able to contain this conflict between society and the organisation. This project fails, it is argued, because of Vandekerckhove’s particular understanding of the organisation as an autopoietic system, i.e. an operationally closed system. A case is made to understand organisations as complex systems, i.e. operationally open systems. Critical Complexity theory sees the identities of systems and components as coterminous. In the context of the organisation, this means that the identities of the corporation and its corporate members arise and die together. The whistleblower’s disclosure reconfigures the organisation by forcing the organisation to open up and make its boundaries flexible, making the designation ‘internal’ or ‘external’ to the organisation, and, therefore, who qualifies as a recipient of a disclosure of wrongdoing, flexible. The organisation is restrained from retailing against the whistleblower, because its identities are coterminous. Furthermore, as the disclosure cannot be categorically defined as either internal or external, the question of whether an external disclosure can qualify as an act of organisational loyalty becomes moot. (shrink)

The so-called Trolley Problem was first discussed by Philippa Foot in 1967 as a way to test moral intuitions regarding the doctrine of double effect, Kantian principles and utilitarianism. Ever since, a great number of philosophers and psychologists have come up with alternative scenarios to further test intuitions and the relevance of conventional moral doctrines. Given that physicians routinely face moral decisions regarding life and death, the Trolley Problem should be considered of great importance in medical ethics. In this article, (...) five “classic” trolley scenarios are discussed: the driver diverting the trolley, a bystander pulling a lever to divert the trolley, a fat man being thrown from a bridge to stop the trolley, a bystander pulling a lever to divert a trolley so that a fat man may be run over, and a bystander pulling a lever so that a fat man falls off from a bridge to stop the trolley. As these scenarios are discussed, relevant moral differences amongst them are addressed, and some of the applications in medical ethics are discussed. The article concludes that Trolley scenarios are not the ultimate criterion to make ethical decisions in difficult ethical challenges in medicine cases but they do serve as an initial intuitive guide. (shrink)

Although recent trends in politics and media make it appear that conspiracy theories are on the rise, in fact they have always been present, probably because they are sustained by natural dispositions of the human brain. This is also the case with medical conspiracy theories. This article reviews some of the most notorious health-related conspiracy theories. It then approaches the reasons why people believe these theories, using concepts from cognitive science. On the basis of that knowledge, the article makes normative (...) proposals for public health officials and health workers as a whole, to deal with conspiracy theories, in order to preserve some of the fundamental principles of medical ethics. (shrink)

Dissertação ANDRADE, Jackson Martins de. Religião, pluralismo e sociedade : uma análise do discurso paulino e sua contribuição para a comunidade cristã atual em seu diálogo com a sociedade de pluralismo religioso e Cultural. 2014. Dissertação – Pontifícia Universidade Católica de Minas Gerais, Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências da Religião, Belo Horizonte.

Julio A Andrade African Journal of Business Ethics 2013 7(1):40-42.

Compilation of Andrade's writings on musical esthetics. Part of a series of publications edited by Flávia Camargo Toni aimed at making Andrade's collection available for study (for other works edited by Toni, see HLAS 52:5119 and HLAS 54:5167). This book undoubtedly adds to our understanding of Andrade's ideas, revealing his reliance on works by German musicologists such as Hugo Riemann and E. Hanslick"--Handbook of Latin American Studies, v. 58.

This chapter turns to the figure of the whistleblower in order to illustrate how certain features of Levinasian normativity might find practical application. The chapter traces the origin of whistleblowing to the conflicting loyalties the whistleblower faces—to an organisation that must be given the opportunity to correct its wrongdoing; or to a society which will be harmed by such wrongdoing and has no way to discover such wrongdoing. The chapter follows Andrade who argues that the whistleblower should be understood (...) as the ethical, and flexible boundary of the organisation, which requires that who qualifies as a recipient of a disclosure of wrongdoing remain flexible (2015). It is then shown how the flexibility of organisational boundaries illustrate the provisionality of Levinasian normativity. On this reading, the whistleblower is better understood as the ethico-politico boundary of the organisation. The retaliation that the whistleblower suffers as a result of their disclosure also demonstrates that, like the (im)possible sacrifice of the provisional saint and hero, the whistleblower’s sacrifice also amounts to an (im)possible sacrifice. I then turn to a reading of Alford’s (2007) paper on whistleblower narratives to argue that ‘choice-less choice’ and ‘narratives stuck in static time’ illustrate a whistleblowing subjectivity that already reveals an affirmation of a supererogatory attitude. The autonomy of undecidability, I argue, makes better sense of whistleblowing autonomy understood as choiceless choice, while the recursive oscillation of Levinasian normativity offers a way to escape the prison of static time. (shrink)

The private sector plays an active role in implementation of mechanisms concerning the mitigation of climate change. In spite of that, the corporate actors play a limited direct role in international arenas when it comes to negotiating the design of climate and energy regime. The climate and energy governance in the United Nations system remains mostly state-centric, but the active participation of corporate actors in negotiation of climate and energy regimes is essential to increase the effectiveness of their governance. Business (...) is not just a subject of a regulatory climate and energy imposed by the state; rather, business is an intrinsic part of the fabric of climate and energy governance, as “rule-maker,” particularly in the many voluntary regimes. However, the architecture in place should guarantee that the private sector does not highjack the decisions and its positions are balanced by other non-governmental actors in the process. This article analyzes the role that the private sector can play in the global climate and energy governance. The private sector does not only play a “rule taker” role in the climate change and energy regime. Indeed, they are not passive observers as they influence through indirect means. The results suggest that the private sector is able to play a key role in global climate and energy governance based on the principle of multi-stakeholder participation in global decision-making, but the architecture should be able to balance the goods and bads of private direct influence in international regimes. (shrink)

RESUMO O objetivo central do presente artigo é entender as razões filosóficas para o discurso racista no iluminismo. A minha hipótese é de que a filosofia colocou no mesmo patamar de certeza as verdades científicas sobre os objetos naturais e o conhecimento dos diferentes povos. Com isso, ela se autorizou a traçar um horizonte impessoal e objetivo para o qual todos os povos deveriam caminhar no intuito de garantirem a maioridade da razão. Quando determinou o modelo europeu como esse horizonte, (...) a filosofia moderna lançou bases para o etnocentrismo e para uma de suas consequências possíveis: o discurso racista. Acredito que com este texto é possível tirar da sombra o tema do racismo na filosofia. ABSTRACT This paper seeks to understand the philosophical reasons for the racist discourse in the Enlightenment era. My hypothesis is that philosophy placed scientific truths on natural objects and knowledge of different peoples on the same level of certainty. With this, philosophy allowed itself to draw an impersonal and objective horizon to which all peoples should walk in order to assure the adulthood of reason. When philosophy determined the European model as that horizon, modern philosophy laid the foundations for ethnocentrism and for one of its possible consequences: racist discourse. I believe that with this text it is possible to take the theme of racism in philosophy out of the shadows. (shrink)

As it has historically been the case with many pandemics, the Covid-19 experience will induce many philosophers to reconsider the value of medical practice. This should be a good opportunity to critically scrutinize the way medical research and medical interventions are carried out. For much of its history, medicine has been very inefficient. But, even in its contemporary forms, a review of common protocols in medical research and medical interventions reveal many shortcomings, especially related to methodological flaws, and more importantly, (...) conflicts of interests due to profit incentives. In the face of these problems, we propose a program of “gentle medicine”. This term, originally formulated by philosopher Jacob Stegenga, describes a form of medicine in which physicians intervene less than they currently do. As part of this general program, we advance a series of reform recommendations that could be enacted both by medical staff in their everyday practice, but also by public health officials and policymakers. (shrink)

The affective turn -- Violence against women: perspectives and strategies -- Notes -- References -- PART III: Togetherness and its forms -- 7. Feminist visions and socio-political meanings of non-monogamous love -- Contemporary bonding, plurality of love -- Consensual plurality and sustainability of bonding -- Notes -- References -- 8. The invisible ties We share: A relational analysis of the contemporary loving couple -- The semantics of love and the We -- Love in situation: the WeLR in motion -- Enminded (...) bodies in the WeLR -- Final remarks: the bonds the WeLR creates -- Notes -- References -- 9. Silent love: On Irigaray's suggestion of cultivating sexual difference -- A culture of two subjects -- Listening -- The meaning of the word 'silence' -- Silence as a condition of love -- Cultivating silence -- Silent love -- Notes -- References -- 10. Love, feminism and dialectics: Repairing splits in theory and practice -- Dialectical critical realism -- Benjamin: from existential tension to oppressive contradiction -- Dialectics, necessity and redemptive critique -- The reparative turn and the issue of transformation -- In the pulse of now -- Closing words -- Notes -- References -- Index. (shrink)

This book delves into the evolution of the New Thought Movement and its pervasive influence on modern healthcare. The book begins by tracing the roots of the New Thought Movement, originating in the 19th century, emphasizing the power of the mind in healing and personal development. Over time, this philosophy morphed into the contemporary positive thinking industry, becoming a significant component of Western self-help culture. The book explores how these ideas have become a contentious point in today's culture wars, polarized (...) between supporters who credit it for personal empowerment and critics who highlight its limitations and potential harm. Central to the discussion is an in-depth analysis of the New Thought philosophy's impact on the healthcare industry. While acknowledging the potential benefits, such as motivating patients to adopt healthier lifestyles and fostering a sense of personal agency, the book critically examines how this philosophy's emphasis on mental positivity can lead to victim-blaming. It argues that oversimplifying health issues by attributing them solely to personal mindset obscures the multifaceted reality of health, particularly the significant role of social determinants of health and systemic inequities. This critique underscores how attributing illness to insufficient positive thinking can perpetuate stigma and neglect the socio-economic and environmental factors critical for understanding and addressing health challenges. By offering a nuanced perspective, the book aims to catalyze discussions on integrating mindful optimism with a holistic acknowledgment of the complexities inherent in healthcare, striving for a more balanced and equitable approach. Gabriel Andrade is an Assistant Professor at Ajman University, United Arab Emirates. (shrink)

Faz-se necessário urgentemente que a arte retorne às suas fontes legítimas. Faz-se imprescindível que adquiramos uma perfeita consciência, direi mais, um perfeito comportamento artístico diante da vida, uma atitude estética, disciplinada, livre, mas legítima, severa apesar de insubmissa, disciplina de todo o ser, para que alcancemos realmente a arte. Só então o indivíduo retornará ao humano. Porque na arte verdadeira o humano é a fatalidade. (Mário de Andrade – O Baile das Quatro Artes).

This paper describes the early history of magnetochemistry: the search for chemical effects of magnetism in the nineteenth century. Some early researchers, such as Johann Wilhelm Ritter, attempted to reproduce with magnets the effects that had been produced by electricity and Volta’s battery. For several decades, researchers successively reported positive results and denied claims concerning the effect of magnetism in oxidation, electrolysis, reduction of metals from saline solutions, crystallisation, change of colour of vegetable tinctures and other chemical reactions. In the (...) two last decades of the nineteenth century some effects were accepted as real, and a thermodynamic theory of the influence of magnetic fields upon chemical reactions was developed. Finally, Dragomir Hurmuzescu was able to create reproducible experiments and measured the electromotive force between two electrodes, with or without the presence of magnetic fields, confirming the existence of the phenomenon and obtaining results compatible with the theoretical predictions. Afterwards, this magnetochemical effect was accepted as real, but the effect was weak and its practical importance was negligible. The subject was gradually forgotten. Content Type Journal Article Pages 1-26 DOI 10.1007/s10698-011-9127-8 Authors Roberto de Andrade Martins, Department of Physics, State University of Paraiba, Campina Grande, PB, Brazil Journal Foundations of Chemistry Online ISSN 1572-8463 Print ISSN 1386-4238. (shrink)

This article studies the mathematical properties of two systems that model Aristotle's original syllogistic and the relationship obtaining between them. These systems are Corcoran's natural deduction syllogistic and ?ukasiewicz's axiomatization of the syllogistic. We show that by translating the former into a first-order theory, which we call T RD, we can establish a precise relationship between the two systems. We prove within the framework of first-order logic a number of logical properties about T RD that bear upon the same properties (...) of the natural deduction counterpart ? that is, Corcoran's system. Moreover, the first-order logic framework that we work with allows us to understand how complicated the semantics of the syllogistic is in providing us with examples of bizarre, unexpected interpretations of the syllogistic rules. Finally, we provide a first attempt at finding the structure of that semantics, reducing the search to the characterization of the class of models of T RD. (shrink)

Bribery has previously been viewed as a two-party transaction between the bribe-offerer and the bribe-taker. But there is a third party: the one who has a prior claim on the bribe-taker's loyalty. Breaking the first contract in response to the offer of a bribe is alienation of agency (a category that strictly includes bribes): alienation of agency is the additional immorality of bribery beyond any immorality of the act solicited by the bribe.

In this paper, I argue that Plotinus’s critique of divine deliberation in Ennead 6.7 does not seek to banish teleology altogether from his philosophy of nature. Rather, his critique aims to situate teleology within his own metaphysical system so as to reconcile it with the basic principles governing the intelligible universe. In this sense, Plotinus does not propose that we expunge all reference to notions of utility and benefit from our natural explanations; he merely wishes to render those notions coherent (...) with an ontology in which the intelligible always takes precedence over sensible reality. To this end, Plotinus introduces, first, what I call a vertical teleology, where the different animal species create the necessary conditions for the maintenance of higher forms of intelligible life, such as genera. Second, Plotinus advances what I call a horizontal teleology, where the various animal organs serve to provide a minimal coefficient of noetic content to each species in its respective ontic level. Plotinus thus sketches the outlines of a properly ‘noetic’ teleology in Ennead 6.7. (shrink)