El fenómeno de bloqueo mental por presión ha sido ampliamente estudiado en psicología del deporte. En cuanto a su explicación, el enfoque más preeminente es el del foco del atleta en su propia persona. La evidencia de tipo experimental parece apoyar dicho enfoque. Sin embargo, Wayne Christensen y colaboradores presentan una crítica metodológica detallada sobre dicha evidencia. Por su parte, Rob Gray ofrece una respuesta minuciosa a las objeciones presentadas. Este estudio tiene como objetivo evaluar los argumentos y evidencia empírica (...) involucrados. Se concluye que, si bien las objeciones no son destructivas, permiten señalar los puntos de la literatura que es necesario desarrollar. (shrink)

Auteur déjà d’un premier livre sur la doctrine de la réminiscence (Recollection and Expeience : Plato’s Theory of Learning and its Successors, Cambridge, 1995), Dominic Scott donne aujourd’hui, avec ce commentaire exhaustif du Ménon, le fruit de sa longue fréquentation du dialogue. S’agissant d’un commentaire suivi, l’ouvrage s’articule tout naturellement selon les divisions du dialogue lui-même. Après une introduction dans laquelle l’auteur explicite l’esprit dans lequel il aborde le dialogu...

El fenómeno de los falsos positivos es considerado como un acontecimiento que ha marcado la historia de la violencia en Colombia, pues se ha llevado consigo, de manera violenta e indiscriminada, la vida de miles de personas inocentes para justificar la ejecución del plan de gobierno estatal contra los grupos al margen de la ley. Es fructífero analizar tal fenómeno a luz de los postulados filosóficos propuestos por el filósofo alemán Walter Benjamin, quien, por sus sustanciales aportes a la filosofía (...) de la historia desde su reconocida obra Sobre el concepto de historia, destaca la memoria y la redención como ejes fundamentales que repercuten en el ámbito político. Por tanto, desde esta investigación se pretende efectuar un análisis del fenómeno de los falsos positivos a partir de la propuesta benjaminiana, con miras a proponer una política de cambio y compromiso en el contexto colombiano. (shrink)

Resumo: Este artigo aborda as cisões decorrentes do trauma da mulher, como consequência do abuso sexual na infância. Em muitos casos, esquece-se o acontecimento que causou o trauma: porém, ele invade a vida, o corpo e a vivência de cada uma delas, até explodir e ultrapassar a barreira da memória. A partir de histórias de mulheres que passaram por essa experiência, o objetivo deste trabalho é realizar uma abordagem fenomenológica da dinâmica entre corpo, memória, história e dor, a fim de (...) descobrir como algo esquecido opera de forma presente, muito mais poderoso que a memória consciente, e as consequências de tal fato na experiência vivida. Tal análise fenomenológica será feita a partir da filosofia de Husserl, Merleau-Ponty e de alguns de seus eminentes leitores (Geniusas, Leder, Fuchs, Umbelino). (shrink)

O estudo, de abordagem hermenêutica, realiza um debate acerca das fake news e suas ressonâncias na vida social, de modo particular, durante o período de pandemia ocasionada pelo COVID-19. Realizamos uma reflexão sobre como o contato com as fake news pode ocasionar interferências nos processos educacionais e nos diversos segmentos da sociedade. Elencamos considerações sobre os multiletramentos digitais como um meio de diálogo pedagógico, que envolve a mobilização de um conjunto de letramentos e práticas sociais interligadas e sensíveis aos contextos (...) vitais enquanto condição para o enfrentamento das fake news na educação. (shrink)

Se realiza un estudio comparativo del problema de la percepción en Aristóteles y Maurice Merleau-Ponty, considerando el marco antropológico en el que se inscriben sus propuestas. Se establecen sus posibles puntos de contacto y sus diferencias más importantes. Se presta especial atención al vínculo entre el acto senso-perceptual yel movimiento, así como al problema de la conciencia perceptual y a la cuestión de la actualidad común entre el sentiente y el sensible.

El objetivo de este trabajo es poner en evidencia cómo los estudios en torno a la adaptación fílmica pueden beneficiarse de la teoría de los modelos de mundo, al tiempo que el acercamiento a esta modalidad discursiva puede arrojar luz sobre esa misma teoría. En abierta discusión con algunas de las teorías más importantes sobre la adaptación de las últimas décadas, y con las teorías del texto fundamentadas en la intertextualidad o la crítica temática (Hutcheon, Heidegger, Derrida, etc), la teoría (...) de los modelos analiza la relación entre textos con la atención puesta en la capacidad modelizadora de los discursos. Ello permite apreciar cómo la noción de “modelo de mundo” no puede referirse a ningún contenido o moraleja, sino a un vínculo inseparable de un plano de la expresión y un plano del contenido. (shrink)

In the contemporary times, we observe that the called post-modern culture enabled the youth culture to do the own constructions and choices, including religion. This research tried to understand how occurred the cultural and religious construction of youth urban tribes, here represented for headbangers from Caverna de Adulão Community. In this community, the rock was used as an instrument of socialization among the youth. The hypothesis of this research consists in observing that the religious practicing can be affected for cultural (...) changes. While some religious institutions resist changes, others take advantage of it. We could observe that the adaptations of some evangelical churches to the necessities of youth and their cultural practicing can be what attract them to Caverna de Adulão Community, where the rock was allied to religious practicing. At the first part of the paper we described the strategies used to promote the community of youth that are in most varied urban tribes, participants of Caverna de Adulão Community. We tried to identify the motivation of youth that seek to become part of evangelical groups. In the second part we presented how the music and the service, contextualized to youth, as the case of rock, can be attractive to the urban tribes and how this phenomenon open a dialog between religion and the youth culture. At the end we analyzed how occurs the socialization among evangelical youth from urban tribes with rock, both culturally and religiously, in order to understand how the construction of the religious phenomenon happens in Caverna de Adulão Community. The methodology used was established through the bibliographic research and field research with socio-anthropological-ethnographic studying, through participant observation and discussions in focal group. We verified, at the end of the paper, that our hypothesis was partially proved when we observe that rock exerted, in the studied community, the socializing role among the members. However, today rock has moved away from the center of sociability and other elements come into its place, which has given the community greater cultural diversity. (shrink)

Dieser Text geht von der Frage nach der Wahrheit, die durch die Rekonstruktion der Auseinandersetzung zwischen drei Vertreter des zeitgenössischen philosophischen Denkens dargelegt wird, nämlich: Edmund Husserl, Jean-Luc Marion und Jacques Derrida. Wenn bei Husserl das Problem der Wahrheit mit der Analyse der verschiedenen Modalitäten der Anschauung zusammengehört, in denen sich das Phänomen bewusst eintritt, wiederum mag Marion de Darstellungsweise des Phänomens mit dem Begriff „Gegebenheit“ (donation) umfassen: somit schließt diese nicht nur die Modalitäten der Anschauung ein, sondern auch die (...) Intentionalität selbst, die sich irgendein etwas wendet. Nun weißt Derrida durch die Dekonstruktion der phänomenologischen Begriffe Anschauung und Gegebenheit darauf hin, dass die phänomenologische Betrachtung nicht ausreicht, um Zusammenhänge und Umstände nachzudenken, in denen sich die Wahrheit ohne anschaulichen Zug, ohne subjektive Intentionalität und in Widerstand gegenüber ihrer eigenen Sichtbarkeit anzeigt. Solche Nuancen hebt Derrida hervor, indem er die Gegebenheit und die „Gabe“ (don) kontrastiert, und schließlich, indem er der Wahrheit den Charakter des Zeugnisses (témoignage) zuschreibt. (shrink)

The phenomenon of attention is one of the psychological phenomena most present in Ortega’s work and perhaps, at the same time, one of the most forgotten by the critics. Except for rare occasions, the phenomenon has traditionally been overshadowed by nodal ideas like «perspective» or «life». But we can’t ignore that the core of such ideas is precisely the phenomenon of attention. As we will try to show in this article –through a review of his thought–, it is in attention (...) where Ortega nds the foundation for his perspectival method and, at the same time, where the very possibility of his vital reason doctrine rest. As we will see, it will be through attention that Ortega succeeds in arguing how «myself» and «my circumstance» come to correspond with each other in a direct coexistence, thus giving substance to what he de nes as the one and only radical reality: «my life». (shrink)

O pensamento de Cícero inaugura o republicanismo romano e se apresenta como uma reflexão política que busca analisar questões primordiais para a República, tendo Roma Antiga como referência. Amiúde, verifica-se nesse pensamento a utilização de exemplos da vida política real com o intuito de formular uma crítica ao regime romano. O presente artigo tem como propósito central, por meio da investigação de um problema de gravidade incontestável: a corrupção política, examinar o republicanismo de Cícero mediante suas noções fundamentais. Assim, teremos (...) três objetivos: primeiro, compreender a concepção de República alicerçada na virtude, no interesse comum e na justiça; o segundo, avaliar as razões pelas quais a igualdade e a liberdade se inscrevem como suportes indispensáveis no referido regime político; e, o terceiro, analisar como Cícero define a corrupção política, a maneira como ela penetra na República e suas prováveis consequências. (shrink)

This article deals with a possibility to express experience through language in a philosophical talk. Effect of a philosophical talk is revealed through the analogy of an impact of artwork. Aspects of an artistic experience are given as a basis for application of the same mechanism when thinking about a philosophical talk. Dimentions of a „weighty“ talk as opposed to an empty one are described and analysed. A talk as creation is opposed to a mere comment referring to George Steiner; (...) memorization of a text or a talk is put as a condition for true interpretation and hence a „weighty“ talk. However, character of memorizing is questioned in analysis of G. Steiner’s suggested vigilant memory and patterns of memorization in oral culture, discussed by Walter Ong and Albert Lord. It is suggested that unconscious aspect of our memory could be effectively used in stimulating a vivid interaction between words and experience, thus helping to reveal their meaning. Another aspect important for the topic is dimention of narrative and dialogue. Talking as narration is considered not as a direct transfer of experience, but as a seed for it. Talking as dialogue is related to creating experience in the moment of talking, also having a great effect on perception of the issue and is further related to the question of ethics. On the whole, the topic of this work could be described with a question: „how is it possible to say more than words?“. (shrink)

This article deals with a possibility to express experience through language in a philosophical talk. Effect of a philosophical talk is revealed through the analogy of an impact of artwork. Aspects of an artistic experience are given as a basis for application of the same mechanism when thinking about a philosophical talk. Dimentions of a „weighty“ talk as opposed to an empty one are described and analysed. A talk as creation is opposed to a mere comment referring to George Steiner; (...) memorization of a text or a talk is put as a condition for true interpretation and hence a „weighty“ talk. However, character of memorizing is questioned in analysis of G. Steiner’s suggested vigilant memory and patterns of memorization in oral culture, discussed by Walter Ong and Albert Lord. It is suggested that unconscious aspect of our memory could be effectively used in stimulating a vivid interaction between words and experience, thus helping to reveal their meaning. Another aspect important for the topic is dimention of narrative and dialogue. Talking as narration is considered not as a direct transfer of experience, but as a seed for it. Talking as dialogue is related to creating experience in the moment of talking, also having a great effect on perception of the issue and is further related to the question of ethics. On the whole, the topic of this work could be described with a question: „how is it possible to say more than words?“. (shrink)