Cet article vise à développer de quelles manières et pour quelles raisons le franglais, en règle générale décrié, est utilisé dans les tabloïdes français qui ont également mauvaise presse. Via un corpus constitué de gros titres, titres, et extraits d’articles provenant des magazines en ligne de presse à scandale français Closer, Gala, Grazia, Paris Match, Public, Purepeople, et Voici, nous débutons notre analyse par une première partie consacrée aux spécificités du franglais appliquées à la presse à sensation française, à (...) savoir l’aspect codé et ciblé de ce lexique ainsi que la notion de « quantité ». Puis, dans une seconde partie, nous traitons des principales raisons justifiant l’utilisation du franglais dans ce type de presse en abordant les notions clés d’ « économie du langage » et d’ « identité de groupe ». (shrink)

Tanja Zeeb: Die Dynamik der Freundschaft. Eine philosophische Untersuchung der Konzeptionen Montaignes, La Rochefoucaulds, Chamforts und Foucaults. Göttingen 2011. V +amp; R unipress. 497 S. (DF) Karlheinz Stierle: Montaigne und die Moralisten. Klassische Moralistik – Moralistische Klassik. Paderborn/München 2016. Fink. 300 S. (MM) Frank Günther (Hg.): William Shakespeare: Die Fremden. Für mehr Mitgefühl. München 2016. DTV. 65 S. (FM) Eva Buddeberg/Rainer Forst (Hg.): Pierre Bayle: Toleranz. Ein philosophischer Kommentar. Berlin 2016. Suhrkamp. 353 S. (TI) Jean-Michel Gros (Hg.): Pierre Bayle: (...) De la tolérance. Commentaire Philosophique. Paris 2014. Éditions Honoré Champion. 358 S. (TII) Amyrose McCue Gill/Sarah Rolfe Prodan (Hg.): Friendship and Sociability in Premodern Europe: Contexts, Concepts, and Expressions. Toronto 2014. Centre for Reformation and Renaissance Studies. 318 S. (FS) Rudolf Behrens/Maria Moog-Grünewald: Moralistik. Explorationen und Perspektiven. Paderborn/München 2010. Fink. XIII 418. (MEP) Konstanze Baron: Diderots Erzählungen. Die Charaktergeschichte als Medium der Aufklärung. Paderborn/München 2015. Fink. 375 S. (DE) Andreas Urs Sommer (Hg.): Charles-Augustin Sainte-Beuve: Menschen des XVIII. Jahrhunderts. Berlin 2014. Die Andere Bibliothek. 421 S. (SB) Ralph-Rainer Wuthenow: Wahrheiten über den Menschen. Moralistik und Aphorismus in Europa. Heidelberg 2016. Winter. 165 S. (WüM) Sandra Berger: Moralistisches Spiel – spielerische Moralistik. Das Romanwerk von Michel Houellebecq. Wiesbaden 2014. Harrassowitz. IX 273. (MH) Michel Houellebecq: En présence de Schopenhauer. Paris 2017. Éditions de LHerne. 91 S. (EPS) Moralisten haben einen zweifelhaften Ruf. Sie gelten als Philosophen, die lieber Literaten sein wollen, als Außenseiter im akademischen Betrieb, als schön schreibende Sonderlinge. Von Montaigne bis Cioran zieht sich – so gesehen – eine langausgezogene Linie ständiger Weltabwendung. Die Philosophie hat in der Moderne zuweilen den Schulterschluss gesucht, vor allem dann, wenn sie selbst nicht mehr weiter wusste. Schopenhauer etwa macht sie zu Geschwistern im Geiste des Pessimismus, und noch Derrida schätzt ihre bodenlose Ratlosigkeit. Neuere Literatur zur Moralistik will sich von dieser Versagensrhetorik lösen. Die Skepsis angesichts der modernen Welt sei schließlich kein Selbstzweck. Sie soll den Blick schärfen für vergangene Ideale und im Anschluss daran die Welt wieder verlässlicher machen – und vor allem: menschenfreundlicher. Kurz: das Programm eines neuen Realismus, jedoch übertragen ins Politisch-Praktische. (shrink)

Moralisten haben einen zweifelhaften Ruf. Sie gelten als Philosophen, die lieber Literaten sein wollen, als Außenseiter im akademischen Betrieb, als schön schreibende Sonderlinge. Von Montaigne bis Cioran zieht sich – so gesehen – eine langausgezogene Linie ständiger Weltabwendung. Die Philosophie hat in der Moderne zuweilen den Schulterschluss gesucht, vor allem dann, wenn sie selbst nicht mehr weiter wusste. Schopenhauer etwa macht sie zu Geschwistern im Geiste des Pessimismus, und noch Derrida schätzt ihre bodenlose Ratlosigkeit. Neuere Literatur zur Moralistik will sich (...) von dieser Versagensrhetorik lösen. Die Skepsis angesichts der modernen Welt sei schließlich kein Selbstzweck. Sie soll den Blick schärfen für vergangene Ideale und im Anschluss daran die Welt wieder verlässlicher machen – und vor allem: menschenfreundlicher. Kurz: das Programm eines neuen Realismus, jedoch übertragen ins Politisch-Praktische.Tanja Zeeb: Die Dynamik der Freundschaft. Eine philosophische Untersuchung der Konzeptionen Montaignes, La Rochefoucaulds, Chamforts und Foucaults. Göttingen 2011. V + R unipress. 497 S. (DF). – Karlheinz Stierle: Montaigne und die Moralisten. Klassische Moralistik – Moralistische Klassik. Paderborn/München 2016. Fink. 300 S. (MM). – Frank Günther (Hg.): William Shakespeare: Die Fremden. Für mehr Mitgefühl. München 2016. DTV. 65 S. (FM). – Eva Buddeberg/Rainer Forst (Hg.): Pierre Bayle: Toleranz. Ein philosophischer Kommentar. Berlin 2016. Suhrkamp. 353 S. (TI). – Jean-Michel Gros (Hg.): Pierre Bayle: De la tolérance. Commentaire Philosophique. Paris 2014. Éditions Honoré Champion. 358 S. (TII). – Amyrose McCue Gill/Sarah Rolfe Prodan (Hg.): Friendship and Sociability in Premodern Europe: Contexts, Concepts, and Expressions. Toronto 2014. Centre for Reformation and Renaissance Studies. 318 S. (FS). – Rudolf Behrens/Maria Moog-Grünewald: Moralistik. Explorationen. (shrink)

These few pages will attempt to analyze the relationships created in the chronically delirious person between himself and his own biography, such as he knows and has experienced it, to which he attaches himself and which dominates him without his knowing it. A few remarks to clarify our vocabulary before getting into the development of this question. We prefer the expression “chronic deliria“, in the plural, to the word “psychosis”, used in the singular. The former term is clinical, and therefore (...) empirical, whereas the second derives from theories; and, especially, the former does not immediately imply a unity of process as opposed to the effective diversity of semiotic appearances. Moreover, the nominal adjective “psychotic“ runs the risk of both clandestinely bringing in hidden presuppositions and of re-establishing the old presumed unity with mental alienation, which had, indeed, been exorcised by J. P. Falret by the middle of the nineteenth century. (shrink)

On the fundamental essence of Buddhist logic and dialectical studies.

Explores the role and influence of walking in the lives of such thinkers as Kant, Rousseau, Nietzsche, Robert Louis Stevenson, Gandhi, and Jack Kerouac.

In the present paper, I analyze the complex relationship of tension between Critical Theory and phenomenology from a sociological-theoretical perspective. I start from two theses. The first one is that one of the primary reasons for the antagonism between these two paradigms lies in their ideal-typically opposed assessments of the role of ‘meaning-adequacy’ in social research. The second one is that in recent years, there has been a strong rapprochement of Critical Theory with (social) phenomenology. This shift, fundamentally embodied in (...) Hartmut Rosa’s work, can be understood as the culminating point of a progressive turn towards meaning-adequacy within the Frankfurt School. In order to unfold these two theses, I will proceed in three steps. First (1), I will present the main outlines of the relationship of tension between the two traditions from both a historico-intellectual and a systematic perspective. Second (2), I will focus on the contemporary readings of the Schutzian notion of ‘meaning-adequacy’ and discuss their value for better understanding the historical opposition between the two paradigms, as well as their recent rapprochement. Third (3), I will sketch the key features of Rosa’s sociology of world-relations, understood as a phenomenological Critical Theory that shows a strong commitment to a radicalized version of the meaning-adequacy postulate. (shrink)

The world is out of joint, so much so that disobeying should be an urgent question for everyone. In this provocative essay, Frédéric Gros explores the roots of political obedience. Social conformity, economic subjection, respect for authorities, constitutional consensus? Examining the various styles of obedience provides tools to study, invent and induce new forms of civic disobedience and lyrical protest. Nothing can be taken for granted: neither supposed certainties nor social conventions, economic injustice or moral conviction. Thinking philosophically requires (...) us never to accept truths and generalities that seem obvious. It restores a sense of political responsibility. At a time when the decisions of experts are presented as the result of icy statistics and anonymous calculations, disobeying becomes an assertion of humanity. To philosophize is to disobey. This book is a call for critical democracy and ethical resistance. (shrink)

In the present paper, I intend to systematically revisit Thomas Luckmann’s account of the relation between phenomenology and sociology and to assess its strengths and weaknesses in terms of constructive criticism. In order to achieve this aim, I will proceed in three steps. First, I will reconstruct the Luckmannian approach by means of an exhaustive analysis of his programmatic texts. Second, I will identify its strengths and merits. And finally, I will discuss its shortcomings and try to correct them in (...) two ways, namely, by bringing Luckmann into a dialogue with other sociological-theoretical and phenomenological accounts, and by counteracting some of his problematic claims with alternative insights contained in his own work. (shrink)

The present paper constitutes an attempt to articulate, systematize, and further develop the implicit traces of a phenomenological critical theory that, according to Michael Barber’s reading, are to be found in Schutz’s thought. It is my contention that a good way to achieve this aim is by reading Schutz against the background of novel, phenomenologically and hermeneutically informed accounts of Critical Theory in the tradition of the Frankfurt School, such as Hartmut Rosa’s. In order to achieve the stated objective, I (...) will proceed in four steps. First, I will briefly reconstruct the mostly negative reception of phenomenology, the interpretive social sciences, and Schutz by both the Frankfurt School and contemporary critical social theory. Second, I will present Barber’s alternative reading of Schutzian phenomenology as entailing an implicit ethics and a rudimentary critical theory based thereon. Third, I will sketch out Rosa’s formal model of Critical Theory as an heuristic means for articulating Schutz’s unspoken social-critical insights. Finally, establishing a dialogue between Barber’s reading of Schutz and Rosa’s account, I will provide a preliminary articulation of Schutz’s rudimentary critical theory. (shrink)

Alfred Schutz is, without a doubt, one of the phenomenologists that contributed the most to the reflection on how to apply insights from phenomenological philosophy to the, empirical and theoretical, human and social sciences. However, his work tends to be neglected by many of the current advocates of phenomenology within these disciplines. In the present paper, I intend to remedy this situation. In order to do so, I will systematically revisit his mundane and social-scientifically oriented account of phenomenology, which, as (...) I shall show, emerges from a theoretical confrontation with the Husserlian distinction between transcendental phenomenology and phenomenological psychology. (shrink)

The aim of this paper is to systematically analyze Schutz’s phenomenological account of the typicality and habituality of everyday cognitive experience, and to identify the Husserlian leitmotifs that inform it. In order to do so, I will proceed in three steps. First, I will briefly present the main lines of Schutz’s theoretical project; second, I will scrutinize his Husserlian account of typification as a passive sort of interpretation; and finally, I will examine his –also Husserl-inspired– analysis of the structure and (...) genesis of the habitualized stock of knowledge at hand. (shrink)

In this paper, I intend to clarify Alfred Schutz’s complex relationship to methodological individualism (MI), showing that he defends a “hermeneutic,” “weak” and “partial” variant of this approach. I will do so by focusing mainly on his reception of Max Weber, given the latter’s centrality in the MI paradigm.. In order to achieve my objective, I will proceed in three steps. First (1), to avoid misunderstandings, I will provide an updated definition of MI, distinguishing it from ontological and normative individualism (...) and giving an overview of its different variants. Second (2), I will systematically reconstruct Schutz’s convergences with Weber’s “hermeneutic” MI. Finally (3), I will develop the thesis of the “partiality” and “weakness” of Schutz’s MI with the help of recent literature on his work. (shrink)

Ce monde va de travers, à tel point que lui désobéir devrait être une urgence partagée et brûlante. Dans cet essai intempestif, Frédéric Gros réinterroge les racines de l'obéissance politique. Conformisme social, soumission économique, respect des autorités, consentement républicain? C'est en repérant les styles d'obéissance qu'on se donne les moyens d'étudier, d'inventer, de provoquer de nouvelles formes de désobéissance : la dissidence civique, la transgression lyrique... Rien ne doit aller de soi : ni les certitudes apprises, ni les conventions (...) sociales, ni les injustices économiques, ni les convictions morales. La pensée philosophique, en même temps qu'elle nous enjoint de ne jamais céder aux évidences et aux généralités, nous fait retrouver le sens de la responsabilité politique. A l'heure où les décisions des experts se présentent comme le résultat de statistiques glacées et de calculs anonymes, désobéir devient une affirmation d'humanité. Philosopher, c'est désobéir. Ce livre en appelle à la démocratie critique et à la résistance éthique. (shrink)

According to political philosopher Frédéric Gros, traditional notions of war and peace are currently being replaced by ideas of intervention and security. But while we may be able to speak of an end to war, this does not imply an end to violence. On the contrary, Gros argues that what we are witnessing is a reconfiguration of our ideas of war, resulting in new forms of violence—terrorist attacks, armed groups jockeying for territory, the use of precision missiles, and (...) the dangerous belief that conflict can be undertaken without casualties. In _States of Violence_, Gros explains how war was once conducted to defend or increase the power of a city, an empire, or a state, but today conflict is directed at the very fragility of the individual and based upon a logic of unilateral destruction inflicted upon deprived civilian populations. While war was once rationalized as justified bloodshed, these new states of violence are instead centered on the spectacle of stark, publicized civilian suffering. By charting the history of the philosophy of conflict in Western discourse, Gros offers a stimulating and timely critique of contemporary notions of war and terror. (shrink)

El proceso general de aceleración social que caracteriza estructuralmente a las sociedades tardomodernas tiene un impacto considerable en la mayoría de las prácticas sociales cotidianas. Este número especial se propone examinar los efectos de la aceleración social sobre las prácticas sociales desde una doble perspectiva: descriptivo-explicativa y normativo-ética. En este artículo introductorio, los editores sientan las bases teóricas del número. Antes de presentar brevemente las contribuciones del volumen, se exponen los conceptos clave que lo estructuran —a saber, «aceleración social», «prácticas (...) sociales», «crítica normativa» y «orientaciones éticas»— y se analizan sus interrelaciones. (shrink)

Despite significant advancements in AI and automated driving, a robust ethical framework for AV decision-making remains undeveloped. Such a framework requires clearly defined moral attributes to guide AVs in evaluating complex and ethically sensitive scenarios. Existing frameworks often rely on a single normative ethical theory, limiting their ability to address the nuanced nature of human decision-making and leading to conflicting outcomes. Augmented Utilitarianism (AU) offers a promising alternative by integrating elements of virtue ethics, deontology, and consequentialism into a non-normative framework. (...) Grounded in moral psychology and neuroscience, AU employs mathematical ethical goal functions to capture societally aligned attributes. In this study, we propose and evaluate a method to elicit these attributes for AV decision-making. One hundred participants were presented with traffic scenarios, including critical and non-critical situations, and tasked with evaluating the relevance of an initial set of 11 attributes (e.g., physical harm, psychological harm, and moral responsibility) while suggesting additional relevant attributes. Results identified two new attributes—environmental harm and energy efficiency—and revealed that four attributes (physical harm, psychological harm, legality of the AV, and self-preservation) varied significantly between critical and non-critical scenarios. These findings suggest that the weight of attributes in ethical goal functions may need to adapt to situational criticality. The method was validated based on key evaluation criteria: it demonstrated sensitivity by producing varying relevance scores for attributes, was deemed relevant by participants for eliciting AV decision-making attributes, and allowed for the identification of additional attributes, enhancing the robustness of the framework. This work contributes to the development of a dynamic and context-sensitive ethical framework for AV decision-making. (shrink)

J’aimerais présenter quelques réflexions autour du concept de vérité dans les travaux de Michel Foucault. Elles seront extrêmement schématiques, et pourtant ce problème de la vérité est, chez Foucault, à la fois compliqué et central. Il est particulièrement présent dans le dernier cours prononcé au collège de France, à travers par exemple l’analyse de la mort de Socrate ou l’étude des cyniques. La question qu’on pourrait poser, à travers cette relecture, est celle du rapport entre vérité et obéissance, vérité et (...) désobéissance. (shrink)

Drawing partly on unpublished materials from the Sozialwissenschaftliche Archiv Konstanz (Alfred‑Schütz‑Gedächtnis‑Archiv), in this paper I attempt to reconstruct Schutz’s barely explored reception of Marx and Marxism. To this aim, I proceed in four steps. First (1), I trace the very few references to Marxian thought in Schutz’s published work. Second (2), I review Schutz’s mentions of the topic in his correspondences with his friends and colleagues Aron Gurwitsch and Eric Voegelin. Third (3), I give an overview of the books by (...) Marx and other Marxist literature that Schutz had in his personal library. Finally (4), I analyze Schutz’s unpublished lectures on “Dialectics” and “Problems of a Sociology of Knowledge,” two of the only documents where he extensively discusses Marx and Marxism. The reconstruction carried out in the paper is not an end in itself but an effort to contribute to the contemporary ‘critical turn’ in phenomenology. (shrink)

This article explores the link between liberalism and biopolitics in Foucault, through the analyses of the 1979 Lecture at the Collège de France The Birth of Biopolitics.

Le moine trappiste américain Thomas Merton a abondamment écrit sur la vie intérieure et la mystique. Son dialogue avec des spirituels de différentes traditions, notamment asiatiques, l’a ouvert à d’autres approches et lui a fait approfondir sa quête spirituelle, en l’emmenant au-delà des frontières de sa propre tradition. En insistant surtout sur l’expérience, sur la relation à Dieu au-delà des mots, Merton a aidé d’autres chercheurs de Dieu à avancer sur le chemin de l’union avec le Divin. Il a aussi (...) été un pionnier dans le domaine du dialogue interreligieux, en apportant sa pierre à la théologie chrétienne des religions. (shrink)

La empatía ha sido foco de discusión en los círculos antipositivistas de la academia alemana de comienzos del siglo pasado, especialmente dentro del movimiento fenomenológico. El presente trabajo se concentra en el debate en torno a esta problemática que Alfred Schütz sostiene con Max Scheler en Der sinnhafte Aufbau der sozialen Welt. En el primer apartado se bosquejan los lineamientos principales de la teoría scheleriana de la Fremdwahrnehmung (percepción del otro), y en el segundo, se exponen las críticas que Schütz (...) le realiza a la misma sustentado en desarrollos teóricos de Edmund Husserl. La hipótesis que guía al escrito es que la confrontación con la teoría scheleriana de la Fremdwahrnehmung juega un rol fundamental en la configuración de la teoría del Fremdverstehen (comprensión del otro) del Schütz temprano. At the beginning of the 20th century the issue of empathy was subject of controversy within the phenomenological movement. The present paper deals with the debate on that topic that the young Alfred Schutz maintained with Max Scheler. Firstly, I outline the Schelerian theory of Fremdwahrnehmung (perception of the other), and secondly I present Schutz's criticism of the former, which is inspired by Husserl's insights on self-awareness and Einfühlung (empathy). My thesis is that in order to properly understand Schutz's theory of Fremdverstehen (understanding of the other) it is essential to take into account this early confrontation with Scheler. (shrink)

Introduction -- The serenity of the wise man -- The seventh day of history -- The guarantor-state -- Biosecurity -- Conclusion -- Appendix -- Index.

The term “biology” was introduced in 1802 by a German, Treviranus, and by a Frenchman whose name would remain well known to posterity, Jean-Baptiste Lamarck.

RESUMEN La reconstrucción realizada en el presente artículo parte de la hipótesis de que pueden diferenciarse dos tipos de objeciones schützianas al texto canónico de Husserl, a saber: inmanentes y fundamentales. Las primeras remarcan las dificultades subyacentes en los pasos tomados por Husserl para resolver el problema de la intersubjetividad trascendental, mientras que las segundas cuestionan la pertinencia filosófica del problema mismo. ABSTRACT The hypothesis underlying the reconstruction set forth in the article is that Schütz's objections to Husserl's canonical text (...) are of two types: immanent and fundamental. The former underline the difficulties inherent to Husserl's steps in trying to solve the problem of transcendental intersubjectivity, while the latter question the philosophical pertinence of the issue itself. (shrink)

Basic course of study of elementary Buddhist logic and dialetrical studies.

On Bonpo system of philosophical debate on logical points.

El presente artículo se propone reconstruir sistemáticamente la —conocida pero poco estudiada a fondo— recepción schutziana de la fenomenología de Husserl. Con este objetivo, se procede en cuatro pasos. En primer lugar (1), se bosquejan los lineamientos fundamentales del acercamiento inusual de Schutz al pensamiento husserliano; en segundo término (2), se examina la lectura schutziana del proyecto fenomenológico-trascendental; luego (3), se expone la distinción husserliana entre psicología fenomenológica y fenomenología trascendental; y, finalmente (4), se explicitan las razones que impulsan a (...) Schutz a optar por la primera en detrimento de la última. La conclusión fundamental del análisis realizado es que existen dos tipos de motivos que mueven al pensador vienés a tomar posición por la psicología fenomenológica, a saber: (a) motivos programáticos y (b) filosóficos. (shrink)

In heart, the propagation of electrical activity is mediated by intercellular channels, referred to as junctional channels, aggregated into gap junctions and localised between myocytes. These channels consist of structurally related transmembrane proteins, the connexins, three of which (CX43, CX40 and CX45) have been shown to be associated with the myocytes of mammalian heart; a fourth, CX37, was detected exclusively in endothelial cells. In this paper, we review the recent data dealing with the topographical heterogeneity of expression of these connexins (...) in the different cardiac tissues and the unique conductance properties of the channels they form, and attempt to assess the role played by each connexin and the consequences of their multiplicity in the propagation of action potentials. (shrink)

Qu'est-ce que l'individualité? Sommes-nous faits que de matière? Comment fonctionne notre esprit? Comment prend-on une décision? Quelle est la place de la politique dans la vie humaine? Quelle frontière entre politique et morale? Comment peut-on mobiliser l'opinion publique? Qu'est-ce que l'émotion? Quelle est sa place dans la société? De quelle nature est la conscience? Comprendre 1'homme d'aujourd'hui dans toute sa complexité, tel est le but de cet ouvrage, qui fait dialoguer le droit, la génétique, la médecine, les neurosciences, la philosophie, (...) la morale, les sciences politiques. (shrink)

Rassemble des études autour de la notion de parrhêsia, de dire-vrai ou de franc-parler dans la culture grecque, qui constitue un élément fondamental de la pensée de Foucault.