The Russian-Ukrainian war, unparalleled in scale and the number of victims in Europe since World War II, presents a substantial opportunity for the social sciences and humanities to investigate its humanitarian aspects. While concentrating on socio-political problems, we must not overlook several critical issues, such as the transformation of communicative practices of cultural memory and perception, as well as written culture as their medium, which demands distinct examination. The focus of this article is the graphosphere of the Viber channel that (...) was active during the 2022 military operations in the city of Mariupol. It is regarded as a recorded cultural memory and perception that is/are shaped, transmitted, and preserved through the practices of new communication forms. It also illustrates how digital writing during wartime has become an incredibly informative source for scrutinizing particular facets of everyday life under extremely acute conditions. The intensity of communication through media channels has led to the prevalence of “vernacular writing on the web” and a corresponding unidirectional perception of the digital environment. Here, forms of cultural memory are mediated through the experience of witnesses. Such a Viber channel functions as a specific digital form of the graphosphere. The paper presents a case analysis of the media channel’s graphosphere within the framework of cultural studies and cultural history. These new methodological approaches in the interdisciplinary field of modern humanities allow for an examination of the transformation of cultural practices concerning memory and perception, along with their modes of documentation. (shrink)

The current global crisis caused by the coronavirus pandemic has already become a challenge for individual national economies, as well as the global world system as a whole. The eminent English historian Toynbee wrote that the viability of a civilization depends on the extent to which its elite can mobilize its intellectual, moral, and physical strength to respond adequately to the challenges. Therefore, challenges are necessary for humanity since without them one would deal with spiritual and intellectual stagnation. Indeed, that (...) which does not kill us makes us stronger. This aphorism becomes especially relevant in present times when the world is concerned with what the “post-covid” world will be, what transformations the values and worldview of individuals will undergo. The coronavirus pandemic acts in this case as a catalyst and accelerator for change and forces one to pay attention to them. As Toffler once pointed out, “The inhabitants of the earth are divided not only by race, nation, religion or ideology, but also, in a sense, by their position in time”. The future is rapidly coming, although only a few per cent of the entire human population “live” in the future, that is, are psychologically ready for it. The vast majority of people live with old ideas, stereotypes, and norms of past generations. This does not mean that one should break “the link of times” and recklessly erase the historical past. However, one cannot ignore the fact that a new era is being replaced by a new one. (shrink)

The concept of sovereignty shapes our understanding of the world. Yet our current understanding of sovereignty conflates delegation of authority with loss of sovereignty. Delegation is relatively cheap, quick, and leads to an assured outcome; it’s an affirmation of sovereignty. Use of force, however, is required to regain lost sovereignty. I propose a definition of sovereignty that draws a clear distinction between sovereignty and delegated authority. Adopting this definition shows that sovereignty applies across time and space, it is indivisible, institutions (...) do not place permanent constraints on supreme authority, and popular sovereignty is not a well-grounded concept. (shrink)

The article explores the concept of "conscience" in three language pictures of the world - Russian, French and Chinese. The study is contrastive, the results obtained are compared. The description of each concept is made according to a clear algorithm: the etymology of the word, the mythological roots of the concept, its compatibility are studied, the material connotation is singled out from the compatibility according to V. A. Uspensky, dictionary definitions are compared. The purpose of the study is to identify (...) the features of the representation of the concept of "conscience" in different cultures using the material of the semantic field in Russian, French and Chinese, then making a comparison in order to see similarities and differences in the worldview picture of different peoples. This topic is understudied, earlier there were no linguoculturological studies analyzing Russian, French and Chinese cultures, which is the scientific novelty of this work. As a result, a clear difference in the ideas of conscience in the three studied cultures was established. For a Russian person, conscience is an internal judge who punishes him when he commits an evil deed; for the French, conscience has no connection with power over a person, and even often yields to it; for the Chinese, conscience is a guide that a person can follow or deny. The results obtained will contribute to the establishment of mutual understanding between cultures, forming a kind of conceptual bridge. (shrink)

Student plagiarism and cheating have been at the focus of scholarly investigations for over two decades now, the discussion being conducted on the backdrop of the question of whether traditional didactics is suitable for Google generation students who supposedly think and process information differently. Using data collected via start-of-term questionnaires, a series of follow-up semi-structured interviews and a specially calibrated session on academic integrity, the present study looks into the students’ ideas on cheating, school work, internet use, studying habits and (...) understanding of academic integrity. The study aims to suggest (albeit tentatively) a holistic approach to teaching academic integrity in higher education taking into account the students’ perspective: an in-depth qualitative approach was used in the data analysis, evaluating students’ investment, engagement, motivation, learning habits, attitudes to cheating and plagiarism. The findings suggest a conflicted picture of the Bulgarian student: hardly taking the all-practical approach towards higher education, conflicted about the value of learning, this generation of students has little structure to their knowledge, they critically underuse ICT tools for learning and regard cheating as a commodity, unburdened by moral or ethical implications. (shrink)

The author examines the idea of "mind" in three linguistic pictures of the world - Russian, French and Chinese. The study is contrastive, the results are compared. The description of each idea is made according to a clear algorithm: the etymology of the word, the mythological roots of the concept, its compatibility, from the compatibility is distinguished real connotation according to V. A. Uspensky, a comparison of dictionary definitions is made. The aim of the study is to identify the peculiarities (...) of the idea of "mind" in the Russian, French and Chinese languages. The purpose of the comparison is to see the similarities and differences in the worldview of different peoples. Scientific methods of research are: comparative-historical method, method of generalization, method of semantic analysis. This topic is understudied, no linguocultural studies analyzing this idea in Russian, French and Chinese culture have been observed earlier, which constitutes the scientific novelty of the work. The results will contribute to mutual understanding between peoples, forming a kind of conceptual bridge, and will also be used in courses on regional studies, comparative studies of cultures, and in the teaching of the respective languages. (shrink)

The purpose of this article is to present the results of a contrastive study of the ideas of male beauty among Russians and Chinese. These ideas are studied culturologically, through the restoration of the relevant fragments of national pictures of the world. For this purpose, both linguistic and comparative-historical methods are used. Russian concepts of beauty are analyzed in the corresponding concepts in the Russian language, etymology and modern meanings, Russian epics, the reign of Peter the Great, the XVIII - (...) XIX centuries, the period of the Great October Socialist Revolution, the Stalinist period and the period of late socialism, modern ideas. To analyze the Chinese view of the subject under study, the corresponding hieroglyphs, lexical combinations, idioms, philosophical and aesthetic sources, and modern realities are analyzed. Such a multidimensional consideration of beauty in the Russian and Chinese pictures of the world caused the novelty of the study. Comparisons of Russian and Chinese are the main conclusion of the work: ideas about beauty are not just different, they are opposite. It is important to note that the image of the hero in Russian culture is a symbol of male beauty, and in Chinese, on the contrary, it is a symbol of a rude and unaesthetic person. The main oppositions are male/female, West/The East, rational/emotional — are characteristic of the Russian picture of the world, but they are not completely manifested in the Chinese ideas about beauty. The Chinese do not oppose, but combine what looks like an opposition in our culture. (shrink)

This chapter explores the experiences of Ukrainian women refugees and their engagement with beauty practices in the context of displacement. It delves into the complexities and challenges faced by these women, highlighting the gendered dynamics, societal expectations, and the impact of being forced migrants. The chapter examines the intersection of beauty, gender, and displacement, revealing a double bind where women are pressured to conform to beauty practices while being criticized for doing so. The binary opposition between being a proper woman (...) and a proper refugee further complicates their experiences. While understanding the problematic nature of beauty practices for women the chapter emphasizes the significance of beauty practices in refugees as a form of resistance, self-expression, and empowerment, enabling women to reclaim agency and retain a sense of normalcy amidst adversity. (shrink)

Abstract3′ untranslated regions (3′ UTRs) of mRNAs have many functions, including mRNA processing and transport, translational regulation, and mRNA degradation and stability. These different functions require cis‐elements in 3′ UTRs that can be either sequence motifs or RNA structures. Here we review the role of secondary structures in the functioning of 3′ UTRs and discuss some of the trans‐acting factors that interact with these secondary structures in eukaryotic organisms. We propose potential participation of 3′‐UTR secondary structures in cytoplasmic polyadenylation in (...) the model organism Drosophila melanogaster. Because the secondary structures of 3′ UTRs are essential for post‐transcriptional regulation of gene expression, their disruption leads to a wide range of disorders, including cancer and cardiovascular diseases. Trans‐acting factors, such as STAU1 and nucleolin, which interact with 3′‐UTR secondary structures of target transcripts, influence the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases and tumor metastasis, suggesting that they are possible therapeutic targets. (shrink)

We complete a study of the splitting/non-splitting properties of the enumeration degrees below by proving an analog of Harrington’s non-splitting theorem for the enumeration degrees. We show how non-splitting techniques known from the study of the c.e. Turing degrees can be adapted to the enumeration degrees.

RESUMO O Discourse Diversity Database (3D) é um corpus desenvolvido para a pesquisa em linguística clínica. Ele consiste de amostras de fala oral de três gêneros diferentes: narrativas induzidas por imagens, histórias pessoais e instruções baseadas em imagens. As subdivisões do 3D incluem gravações de falantes de russo de três grupos independentes: pessoas com tumores cerebrais antes e depois da remoção do tumor, pessoas com esquizofrenia e indivíduos neurologicamente saudáveis. O presente artigo é dedicado à descrição do procedimento de coleta (...) de dados, do esquema de anotação e das características específicas de cada subdivisão do corpus. (shrink)

This contribution takes a look at video-sharing platforms to highlight a popular entertainment format which consists in re-framing political discourse for the purposes of entertaining the audience and, at the same time, providing an evaluation of that discourse. Evaluations of political discourse uncover the role and importance imputed to it by those who are outside of the political system, but who are directly impacted by it, that is, the people. A sample of French-language data, collected from YouTube, is examined for (...) the categories of evaluation which are used by the authors, which are conjectured to represent the ideas ordinary citizens have about political discourse. Reframing political discourse carries these evaluations through offensive language and humor. Teasing out the relevant parameters of evaluation can provide a basis for understanding how regular citizens gauge political discourse. Appropriateness appears to be an important evaluation criterion pertaining to the characteristics of political discourse, occurring in a particular context. (shrink)

The paper is devoted to the problem of historical development of university community through the lenses of understanding of university mission. The authors undertake critical reflections of the scheme of evolution of university mission, which was elaborated by American researcher John Scott, as far as add some theoretical and methodological suggestions to this scheme. In this respect, typical for late medieval university mission of teaching and corporate based building of university community in the modern times are supplemented by the mission (...) of research. At the same time, university is incorporated in the system of arising nation-state as a tool for preparation highly-qualified bureaucrats for its apparatus. In postmodern times in the context of globalization and certain emancipation of the university from the state such aspects of university mission as the different forms of civil service or the third mission of university become more and more important. (shrink)

The article deals with the problematization of the study of the kon (unwritten rules) phenomenon. The functions of the unwritten rules (kon) are compared with the functions of the law. The constitution of social reality as a socio-historical process that establishes the basic categories of society's perception of its social existence is the object of research. The subject of the study is the poorly studied functions of the “kon” in the constitution of social reality. The methodology is held together by (...) general theoretical methods of typology and comparison. The study is built from the observation of the historical phenomenon of the horse to the disclosure of the heuristic potential of the concept of “kon” for describing the phenomena of modern life. The basis of the methodology is the theory of binary oppositions of culture by A.S. Akhiezer, reinforced the dialectical-dialogical pragmatic model of metacommunication R.T. Craig. The social functions of the horse remain poorly studied due to a certain way of configured research optics, concentrated on the laws governing the control of a single center of power by a poorly organized periphery. (shrink)

У статті аналізується потенціал наукових ідей представників Торонтської школи комунікації для дослідження сучасного релігійного дискурсу, особливістю якого є масовий характер та використання технічних засобів. Розглянуто діяльність школи у другій половині ХХ століття, ідеї її представників Гарольда Інніса, Еріка Хевлока, Дороті Лі, Едмунда Карпентера, які досліджували різні аспекти засобів комунікації. Особлива увага приділена творчості філософа та літературного критика Маршала Маклюена. Виокремлені головні блоки у доробку вченого, які можна ефективно застосовувати для дослідження масової релігійної комунікації: зміна форм комунікації визначає основні характеристики суспільної (...) взаємодії; мас-медіа активно впливають на творення сучасної культури; розвиток електронних засобів масової комунікації призводять до зміни суспільства і сучасної людини. Нову площину для аналізу релігійних мас-медіа становить думка про домінування засобу комунікації над її змістом. Радіо та телебачення створюють і формують актуальну релігійну комунікацію, яка є кардинально відмінною від класичних форм релігійного спілкування. Робиться висновок про вплив електронних мас-медіа на конструювання соціальної реальності, зміну способів передавання інформації у релігії, модифікацію самої релігії. (shrink)

Трансформації соціальності як особливого виміру буття людини набувають самобутніх властивостей у суспільствах пізнього модерну, в період визначених класових та гендерних меж. У статті увага зосереджується на полеміці модерну з минулим і належним, на особливостях змін соціальності в контексті модерних та антимодерних рухів. Революційні зміни соціальності розглядаються крізь призму опозиції індивідуального і загального, модерного консерватизму і традиціоналізму. Специфічно модерними рисами соціальності є індивідуалізація та пошук ідентичності, які визначаються законами класу, приналежність до якого необхідно постійно підтверджувати. Модерній індивідуалізації протиставляється антимодерна особистість, яка (...) набувається в об’єднанні з іншими. Модернізм характеризується як тенденцією до роз’єднання, так і прагненням до солідарності, що наповнює соціальне буття утопічними очікуваннями або ностальгією за минулим. (shrink)

This paper deals with diachronic of rethink by the philosophy of modern times primordial existential problems of man, come down to European consciousness through their crystallization in the Bible, which was formed in the controversy with the pagan-magical desire to dominate man in the world. Bible ceases to be arch myth-poetical folk stories, it has mainly intellectualists nature and aims to organize reality of life on eradication of mythologist, strengthening a sense of the significance of their own real history of (...) the Jewish people and the nations that surround it as sacrosanct, a cautionary tale. A task knowledge of the laws of the Divine plan and the distinction between Good and Evil places in the centre of the world Deity becomes a breeding ground for Christian anthropocentrism that elevating man as the "image of God", seamlessly connects with theocentric situation, and it is different from anthropocentrism of ancient-Renaissance type, that really treats a person as theomachist and "ruler of nature", which is made later in the project Modern. That is, the latter is already present in the Bible in the "bound" form, and formed, in fact, in the bosom of the biblical worldview. This biblical rational concept was replaced by anthropocentric myth, utopian fantasies, mythologies of "secularized religion", the mythologizing of scientific knowledge and even revival of occultism. This situation makes the view look at the innovation and creativity of the project. (shrink)

The article examines the cultural and philosophical and socio-philosophical significance of polycentric urban planning strategies in the framework of the historical process of urbanization. Network and polycentric urban planning began to develop in the 19th century, was associated with a new course for the conscious and planned development of cities and assumed an even distribution of public facilities and communications, the unification of urban space with connecting axes, the integration of transport and engineering infrastructure. These trends in urban planning were (...) caused by interrelated technological, economic, social and political factors, such as scientific and technological progress, the industrial revolution, rapid urbanization. The purpose of the article is to determine the social and cultural significance of urban planning strategies implemented in some European capitals of the XIX century in the context of the general process of urbanization. The scientific novelty of the article is determined by the correlation of the topic under consideration with the problems of modern urban structures. The article is based on an interdisciplinary, complex and systematic theoretical approach. A theoretical analysis of urban planning strategies and urban space development was carried out in order to identify the most promising and progressive trends in urban planning that anticipated the modern principles of urban space formation. The conclusions of the article include the characterization of the influence of polycentric urban development on the formation of a psychosocial environment and typical characteristics of the spiritual life of citizens. A review of studies on socio-cultural and philosophical problems of urbanism helps to identify the impact of polycentric urban planning, including on modern society, residents of modern cities. (shrink)

The idea of ​​this very formulation of the topic arose under the influence of the words of Pope Benedict XVI, which he made in his message to the participants of the International Conference "The Second Vatican Council: Perspectives of the Third Millennium" held in Peru in 2006. The Pontiff called the Cathedral the most important church event of the 20th century and called for the correct interpretation of its documents. They have "the source of genuine renewal", which can be used (...) to answer the challenges of the Church and humanity in the Third Millennium1. A similar opinion was expressed in his interview and about. Michael Dymid: "It is possible to evaluate the documents, that is, the" transfer "of the Council, when we analyze how their" reception "took place. (shrink)

For many centuries, religious beliefs, ecclesiastical institutes, and religious practices have dominated and radically influenced secular manifestations of social consciousness, social organization, and culture. Religion through the development of certain doctrines and religious practices and the church, not only as a sacred concept, but also as a social institution uniting the followers of a particular religion, are very important areas of our reality. Therefore, the impact of religion on the mentality is deep and diverse.

In any act of worship, the believer sees a symbolic hint of a supersensitive world. Thus, the sensualistic aesthetics of antiquity gives place to the spiritualistic aesthetics of today. Although not only the spiritualism of the cult attracts believers. They also like the richness of the ritual, which shines with gold, silver, precious stones and colorful marble. And when a person listens to church singing, he sees the glow of endless lights reflected by gold on mosaics, when he looks closely (...) at the images of saints and gospel scenes, then one feels on top of bliss. (shrink)

Book series "Ukrainska Biblioteka" is a cultural and national-educational project of the publishing concern of Ivan Tyktor "Ukrainska Pressa". It was a monthly addition to the newspaper "Nash Prapor" during 1933-1939. Generally, 80 names of these books were issued, which can be divided by the period of formation our state: the princely age, Cossacks and hetmans period, modern age. A separate unit - humour literatures and philosophical-psychological works. "Ukrainska Biblioteka" received from opponents a lot of criticism both positive and negative. (...) Many questions were caused by the rules standardization of printing whose purpose was to make the book more accessible to Ukrainian. Despite the censorship oversight, I. Tyktor was able to increased the amount of printed materials in the native language, and his publishing series found supporters among intelligentsia, bourgeoisie, peasants, young people who "required" not only popular literature, but also highly artistic works. The creative team of "Ukrainska Biblioteka" carefully selected literary novels for publication and spread works of little known writers. Most of them were first published and distributed among Ukrainian people. Ivan Tyktor published books which repeatedly won literary awards established by Galician civic organizations. These were works by H. Zhurba, Yu. Kosach, I. Olbrakht. All these novels disseminated Ukrainian diversity of our culture, helped to emerge into the treasury of human values, self-improvement, performed patriotic and educational function, helped to understand the place and role of our country in history. In this paper the author analyzes library repertoire, work of scientific and editorial team, artistic and compositional component of books and justifies their role in the national-ideological space of Ukrainian based on the literary stories, criticism reviews and notes on the pages of newspapers. (shrink)

У статті висвітлюються проблеми, пов'язані з вивченням радянською історичною наукою специфіки створення та діяльності органів місцевого самоврядування, що існували на території сучасної України з кінця XVIIІ - у ХІХ ст. Простежено процес вивчення дослідниками комплексу проблем, пов'язаних з організацією діяльності органів самоврядування грецької спільноти Ніжина та Північного Приазов'я, зокрема Ніжинського грецького магістрату та Маріупольського грецького суду. Визначено глибину вивчення зазначеної проблематики радянськими дослідниками та розширено коло питань для подальшого вивчення історіографії грецького самоврядування на українських землях.

We prove that a sequence of sets containing representatives of cupping partners for every nonzero ${\Delta^0_2}$ enumeration degree cannot have a ${\Delta^0_2}$ enumeration. We also prove that no subclass of the ${\Sigma^0_2}$ enumeration degrees containing the nonzero 3-c.e. enumeration degrees can be cupped to ${\mathbf{0}_e'}$ by a single incomplete ${\Sigma^0_2}$ enumeration degree.

What counts as healthy eating varies both within and across cultures. While people often focus on specific foods and nutrients, the timing and style of eating can also be an important consideration, and one that appears to vary across cultures. One possible explanation for this variation is differences in basic cognition, with holistic thinking in collectivist cultures favouring contextual factors. We assess this hypothesis by examining perceptions between two cultural groups that vary in collectivism. In study 1, we investigate whether (...) residents of Ukraine place more importance on considerations of eating context than residents of the usa. In study 2, we test whether this between-country difference is due to the mediating effect of individual differences in collectivism. Ukrainian participants consistently placed more importance on context. These results suggest that the holistic pattern of attention might extend to the domain of nutrition and may account for some cross-cultural differences in perceptions of healthy eating. We briefly discuss the benefits of perception focused on the context of eating, such as decreased burden of self-regulation in a food-rich environment. (shrink)

В процесі дослідження трансформації та інверсії символів стає зрозуміло, що особливе значення для розуміння символу має аналітичний контекст соціокультурної аксіології, яка дозволяє виявити механізми формування цінностей за допомогою символіки. Так як символ є сферою функціонування несвідомого, сугестивно-емоційного впливу на людину, то він здатен втілювати ті цінності та здобутки, які ще не стали предметом логічного та раціонального знання. З точки зору історії свастика - це найбільш стародавній та широко розповсюджений із усіх графічних символів. Традиційно свастика мала "світле" смислове навантаження. Використання цього (...) символу нацистами зробило її найбільш пізнаваним елементом ХХ ст. з репутацією прямо протилежною її стародавньому значенню. Про інверсію значення символу прямо говорить «Большая Советская Энциклопедия»: "Гітлер та німецькі фашисти зробили свастику своєю емблемою. З того часу вона стала символо. (shrink)

Little work has been done on beliefs toward academic misconduct in Ukraine. This study explored the beliefs of Ukrainian students toward various forms of academic misconduct and compared the results to the U.S. undergraduate students (N = 270). Twenty-two forms of cheating, plagiarism, and questionable academic behaviors were grouped in five categories: unilateral cheating, collective cheating, falsification gaining favoritism, and performing extra work to receive better grades. Cross-cultural comparisons of beliefs were pivotal in this study. Results indicated that, in general, (...) Ukrainian students are less likely to believe that academic misconduct is wrong compared to their U.S. counterparts, as well as seem to have different beliefs on what is and isn’t academic misconduct. Recommendations are proposed to help students change their beliefs and to reduce academic dishonesty. These recommendations also have application purposes outside of Ukraine. (shrink)

The associative chain between the personality of Joseph Stalin and his role in the Great Patriotic War of 1941–1945 remains stable among the historical consciousness of Russians from the end of the war until now. Traditionally, high schools devote a large amount of time to study the history of the war, including a range of the events dedicated to remembering the war. As a result, a stable and positive attitude toward the war and its significance to the Russian nation has (...) been achieved, while the attitude toward Stalin remains ambivalent, ranging from assessing him as a perpetrator, who initiated genocide and terror against Soviet people, to national hero and great ruler, who led the country to victory. In 2017, the Ministry of Education of the Russian Federation introduced three new national history textbooks based on the single goal of teaching Russian history in schools, but in practice has actually returned history back to a uniform standardized historical education across the country, similar to the Soviet education system. In this regard, the historical comparative research based on content analysis of Soviet, Russian, and newly issued textbooks is deemed topical and aimed to track the evolution of the image of Stalin and to understand how the historical representation of Stalin and his war policy has changed over the last 70 years in school education. There is also the goal of identifying the main reasons for the diverse attitudes toward Stalin currently inherent in different generations and rooted in stable ambivalent assessments of his war policy among Soviet and post-Soviet Russian society. (shrink)

The study presents an analysis of existing university policies pertaining to academic ethics and integrity, teaching and learning practices, the transparency of applying those practices, as well as the responsibility of all parties concerned. The policies of 52 higher education institutions in Bulgaria, which are officially recognised by the National Evaluation and Accreditation Agency, are examined. This investigation is the first stage of a comprehensive state of the art review of plagiarism and academic misconduct-related issues in Bulgaria and draws from (...) previous findings of non-uniform perceptions of what qualifies as plagiarism breaches.The study follows the methodological steps outlined in an Australian study for locating and coding the relevant policy documentation. The analysis starts from the assumption that policy should be based upon the principles of transparency, respect, and responsibility and that these principles are directly related to the quality of academic output in both students and academics. The results demonstrate that the said principles are not reflected in the policies of Bulgarian institutions and their application, and it is therefore highly recommended that the documentation be revised accordingly. (shrink)

We show that the theory of the local structure of the enumeration degrees is computably isomorphic to the theory of first order arithmetic. We introduce a novel coding method, using the notion of a K-pair, to code a large class of countable relations.

The topic of the article is important, because nowadays there is a need to study the semiotics of media text translation, the use of innovations in choosing the types of media text translation. The aim of the article is the need to study and substantiate the importance of studying the essence of the concepts of “semiotics”, “media text”. The article gives a theoretical justification for the concept of media text in the field of mass communication, substantiates the semiotics of learning (...) about signs and sign systems; semiotic characteristics of media texts translation are given. In the field of view of semiotics are various sign systems, features of translation of these signs in media texts, in particular: natural (spoken) and artificial (formal) languages, sentence systems of scientific theories, signaling systems in society and nature, states and many others. Artificial languages can also be considered as sign systems (including the “language” of scientific theory, “languages” of fine arts, cinema, theater, music), various types of visual sign systems (from road signs to painting), as well as any complex control systems considered from the standpoint of cybernetics: machines, devices and their circuits, living organisms, their subsystems (for example, central nervous system), industrial and social associations and society as a whole. (shrink)

This article is devoted to understanding the typological status of Tolstoy’s ideas in the context of the evolution of European humanism from the Renaissance to existentialism, from the doctrine of...

The Alternative University: Lessons from Bolivarian Venezuela explores the educational reforms undertaken under late Venezuelan President Hugo Chavéz. Focusing on the University of Bolivarian Venez...

The work presents axiological aspect of tolerance formation under conditions when each culture comprehends its tradition uniqueness and strives to prove its competitiveness under globalization; basic features of tolerance have been outlined as well.

We show that every splitting of ${0}_{\mathrm{e}}^{\prime }$ in the local structure of the enumeration degrees, $$\mathcal{G}_{e} , contains at least one low-cuppable member. We apply this new structural property to show that the classes of all $\mathcal{K}$ -pairs in $\mathcal{G}_{e}$ , all downwards properly ${\mathrm{\Sigma }}_{2}^{0}$ enumeration degrees and all upwards properly ${\mathrm{\Sigma }}_{2}^{0}$ enumeration degrees are first order definable in $\mathcal{G}_{e}$.

Background Advance directives (ADs) document the patient’s preferences regarding future medical care and are used to ensure goal-concordant care and patient autonomy when the patient becomes incapacitated. In a clinical setting, goals of care (GOC) discussions are a tool that helps health care providers (HCPs) provide goal-concordant care. A lack of documentation of the patient’s wishes, either as AD or following GOC discussions, can, especially in emergency or critical situations, lead to moral distress among HCPs, a psychological disequilibrium that stems (...) from the perceived inability to act in the best interests of the patient. Objectives This study aimed to (1) assess attitudes toward GOC discussions among patients and HCPs in general wards at Vienna General Hospital, (2) identify barriers and facilitators for their implementation, and (3) measure and compare moral distress between HCPs. Methods A cross-sectional survey was conducted between October 2022 and June 2023 across six wards (cardiology, pulmonology, infectious diseases, maxillofacial surgery, palliative care, and chronic haemodialysis). Paper-based questionnaires were administered to patients ( n = 47) and HCPs ( n = 75). Moral distress among HCPs was assessed using a culturally adapted German translation of the Measure of Moral Distress – Health Care Professionals (MMD-HP). Ethical considerations The study was approved by the ethics committee and the data protection commission of the Medical University of Vienna. Informed consent was obtained from all participants. The questionnaires contained no identifying information. Participation was voluntary and not participating carried no disadvantages. Results Most patients (70.5%) considered GOC discussions appropriate during hospitalisation, 71.4% considered them relieving, and 79.1% considered them helpful. Only 10.9% had ever been asked about ADs during a hospital stay. Among HCPs, the majority considered GOC discussions suitable for patients with multimorbidity (80.0%) and life-shortening conditions (86.7%) as well as those with a simple medical condition (54.7%). However, the majority (51.4%) of HCPs practice GOC discussions for less than 10% of their patients. The lack of standard operating procedures (SOPs), personnel, time, translators, and material were reported as the most relevant barriers. The mean MMD-HP total score was 105.0. Nurses scored significantly higher than physicians (125.7 vs 86.9, p = 0.020). Conclusions Both patients and HCPs expressed strong support for GOC discussions, yet the implementation is hindered by resource limitations and the lack of standardised protocols. At the same time, nurses experience high levels of moral distress. There seems to be a need for organisational and policy measures to facilitate structured GOC discussions and goal-concordant care. (shrink)

With technical sophistication and innovation in the field of medical science, a considerable proportion of medical diagnosis now rely on laboratory analyses, which emphasises the crucial role of laboratory physicians in patient care. Sustaining high ethical standards remains crucial in both clinical biochemistry and laboratory medicine, and several ethical dilemmas are faced by laboratory physicians in day-to-day practice. In a low-resource country like Bangladesh, formal ethics education or ethical framework in laboratory practice is still absent; ethics has not received that (...) much attention it this field. This paper has considered ethical issues encountered during the daily routine work of laboratory physicians and specially focused on the ethical issues encountered during the pre-analytical, analytical and post-analytical phases of laboratory medicine practice and discuss those issues in light of ‘The Belmont Report’ (1978) perspective. It is not intended to be a comprehensive one, rather it aims to complement existing guidelines and documents that are available in some institutions and to offer a framework for addressing ethical issues encountered in the practice of clinical biochemistry and laboratory medicine in Bangladesh. (shrink)

Expedition of the growth of a country’s economy in the wake of entrepreneurial activity is significant. As skills are utilized and knowledge is applied, the entrepreneurs establish new businesses, and the enhancement of the latter is brought about through their sagacious decision-making and ingenuity. At one end, where entrepreneurial activities have been a boon to the societal progress; they have sped up development of economies worldwide. This can be attributed to a gamut of factors, which include, societies’ expansion on the (...) grounds of industrialization and urbanization; nurture of a culture of more information and awareness; formal training of the entrepreneurs; and, relaxed legal procedures. This study lays down emphasis on how upholding stable business policies can positively impact an entrepreneurial venture. Employing a well-developed and verified scale, data collection from 230 respondents was done on a convenience basis. The respondents chosen for this survey among whom the distribution of questionnaires was conducted were all situated in various localities of the District Central of Karachi, Pakistan; and descriptive statistics were applied on the variables pertinent for this study such as the establishment of stable business policies, continuation of the existing business policies, and achievement of the business targets based on the stable policies. It is intended that this research article shall serve to augment the scholarly literature that already exists on the subject matter that pinpoints the significance of the stable and continuous policies for an entrepreneurial business involved in the primary schooling businesses across the District Central of Karachi, Pakistan. This research paper addresses the need of having stable business policies for Pakistani entrepreneurs, and envisions itself to be one of the blueprints that can be considered by the relevant regulatory bodies while they make informed decisions. A well sketched out itinerary of initiatives could then be composed, which can assist in the meeting of the targets of entrepreneurial ventures, and eventually help in eradicating poverty from Pakistan. (shrink)

Advertising is a tool by which the audience who may be the viewers, readers or listeners are communicated and convinced to buy or taking any action regarding the products, or getting information about the services provided. The TV advertisements influence the consumers’ buying behaviour. The need of TV advertisement has increased with the fast growth of mobile phones industry in Pakistan. This paper investigates the relationship between independent variable of advertisement with dependent variables of consumer choice, consumer awareness, consumer perception, (...) and consumer motivation by getting the responses of 250 respondents using questionnaires based on 5-point Likert scale from the graduating students of various faculties at University of Karachi. The main results of the study show a strong association between the independent and dependent variables. It is a fact that the brands which are advertised on TV are purchased more because people become emotionally attached with such brands or products. This study is very useful for producers, distributors, wholesalers and retailers as well engaged in mobile business in Pakistan. (shrink)