Solchany compares today’s relevance of F.A. Hayek to Wilhelm Röpke’s and shows that, unlike today, during the early decades of neoliberalism, Röpke was almost as important as Hayek in shaping nascent neoliberalism. While Hayek contended at the end of The Constitution of Liberty that he is not a conservative, Röpke in A Humane Economy presented himself as an outspoken conservative. By analyzing Röpke’s worldview and showing its roots, Solchany emphasizes the conservative side of neoliberalism, an anti-modernist outlook not (...) only shared by many European neoliberal intellectuals, especially in Germany and France, but also raising great interest among US conservatives. Röpke’s intellectual relationship with Russell Kirk was particularly important here. These US conservatives looked for an innovative creed to merge conservative and liberal values. (shrink)

Loin de se limiter à l’économie, le néolibéralisme est une pensée globale, une vision du monde, une idéologie qui élabore des perspectives sur les dimensions les plus diverses de la vie sociale et, last but not least, sur la politique. La réflexion de nombreux néolibéraux, certains de premier plan, souligne la permanence, des années 1930 au début du xxi e siècle, d’une interrogation critique sur la démocratie, accusée d’entraver la liberté et de conduire au socialisme. Le regard soupçonneux jeté sur (...) la démocratie se double parfois d’une réflexion sur les alternatives envisageables et explique l’intérêt manifesté pour certains régimes autoritaires de droite, notamment la dictature du général Pinochet au Chili. La réflexion néolibérale sur la démocratie révèle une réticence profonde face aux systèmes représentatifs modernes et la quête d’une forme de légitimité fondée non sur le gouvernement de la majorité, mais sur celui d’une élite triée sur le volet. (shrink)

Jean Starobinski, one of Europe's foremost literary critics, examines the life that led Rousseau, who so passionately sought open, transparent communication with others, to accept and even foster obstacles that permitted him to withdraw into himself. First published in France in 1958, Jean-Jacques Rousseau remains Starobinski's most important achievement and, arguably, the most comprehensive book ever written on Rousseau. The text has been extensively revised for this edition and is published here along with seven essays on Rousseau that (...) appeared between 1962 and 1970. (shrink)

Jean-François Lyotard (1924-1998) was one of the most important French philosophers of the Twentieth Century. His impact has been felt across many disciplines: sociology; cultural studies; art theory and politics. This volume presents a diverse selection of interviews, conversations and debates which relate to the five decades of his working life, both as a political militant, experimental philosopher and teacher. Including hard-to-find interviews and previously untranslated material, this is the first time that interviews with Lyotard have been presented as (...) a collection. Key concepts from Lyotard's thought – the differend, the postmodern, the immaterial – are debated and discussed across different time periods, prompted by specific contexts and provocations. In addition there are debates with other thinkers, including Emmanuel Levinas and Jacques Derrida, which may be less familiar to an Anglophone audience. These debates and interviews help to contextualise Lyotard, highlighting the importance of Marx, Freud, Kant and Wittgenstein, in addition to the Jewish thought which accompanies the questions of silence, justice and presence that pervades Lyotard's thinking. (shrink)

Jean-Jacques Rousseau (1712–78) was a White Genevan philosopher who spent significant portions of his career in France. His political philosophy had a large impact on later political thought and the French Revolution. This chapter is a selection from Rousseau’s 1762 work The Social Contract, in which he puts forward a political philosophy building on Thomas Hobbes, John Locke, and others. He theorizes about liberty, equality, legitimate political power, and slavery. Based on somewhat different arguments than his predecessors, he categorically (...) denies that slavery in the sense of an absolute subjection is ever legitimate. Like Locke, he rejects voluntary slavery, hereditary slavery, natural slavery, and political despotism; like Montesquieu and a few others, he also rejects war slavery. His arguments appear to be motivated by the political situation in Europe, without any evident concern about transatlantic slavery. (shrink)

Jean-Baptiste Belley (c. 1747–1805) was a Black politician, military captain, and abolitionist. For most of his life, he lived in Saint-Domingue in the West Indies, which was a French colony until it became independent in 1804 and changed its name to Haiti. Born in Senegal, Belley was enslaved as a young child; he bought his freedom as a young man and came to play an important role in the Haitian Revolution, which started in August 1791. Belley was elected to (...) the National Convention—France’s legislative body—as one of three deputies (or representatives) for northern Saint-Domingue, which made him France’s first Black legislator. On February 4, 1794, the National Convention abolished slavery in all colonies and declared all formerly enslaved people French citizens. This chapter is Belley’s defense of this decree and a response to Benoît Gouly, the deputy of Isle de France, who had criticized it. (shrink)

Buridan was a brilliant logician in an age of brilliant logicians, sensitive to formal and philosophical considerations. There is a need for critical editions and accurate translations of his works, for his philosophical voice speaks directly across the ages to problems of concern to analytic philosophers today. But his idiom is unfamiliar, so editions and trans lations alone will not bridge the gap of centuries. I have tried to make Buridan accessible to philosophers and logicians today by the introduc tory (...) essay, in which I survey Buridan's philosophy of logic. Several problems which Buridan touches on only marginally in the works trans lated herein are developed and discussed, citing other works of Buridan; some topics which he treats at length in the translated works, such as the semantic theory of oblique terms, I have touched on lightly or not at all. Such distortions are inevitable, and I hope that the idiosyncracies of my choice of philosophically relevant topics will not blind the reader to other topics of value Buridan considers. My goal in translating has been to produce an accurate renaering of the Latin. Often Buridan will couch a logical rule in terms of the grammatical form of a sentence, and I have endeavored to keep the translation consistent. Some strained phrases result, such as "A man I know" having a different logic from "I know a man. " This awkwardness cannot always be avoided, and I beg the reader's indulgence. All of the translations here are my own. (shrink)

Jean-Paul Sartre is one of the most famous philosophers of the twentieth century. The principle founder of existentialism, a political thinker and famous novelist and dramatist, his work has exerted enormous influence in philosophy, literature, politics and cultural studies. _Jean-Paul Sartre: Basic Writings_ is the first collection of Sartre's key philosophical writings and provides an indispensable resource for all students and readers of his work. Stephen Priest's clear and helpful introductions set each reading in context, making the volume an (...) ideal companion to those coming to Sartre's writings for the first time. (shrink)

This new collection gathers 23 highly insightful yet previously difficult-to-find interviews with Baudrillard, ranging over topics as diverse as art, war, technology, globalisation, terrorism and the fate of humanity. From familiar themes to the less well understood aspects of his thought, these interviews give you an overview of Baudrillard's ideas - without the jargon typical of written texts. Read as Baudrillard himself discusses, explains and elaborates on his ideas, making this collection essential for understanding many of his other works.

Jean-Paul Sartre: Mind and Body, Word and Deed celebrates Sartre's polyvalence with an examination of Sartrean philosophy, literature, and politics. In four distinct yet related sections, twelve scholars from three continents examine Sartre's thought, writing and action over his long career. "Sartre and the Body" reappraises Sartre's work in dialogue with other philosophers past and present, including Maine de Biran, Maurice Merleau-Ponty and Didier Anzieu. "Sartre and Time" offers a first-hand account by Michel Contat of Sartre and Beauvoir working (...) together, and a "philosophy in practice" analysis by François Noudelmann. "Ideology and Politics" uses Sartrean notions of commitment and engagement to address modern and contemporary politics, including insights into Castro, De Gaulle, Sarkozy and Obama. Finally, an important but neglected episode of Sartre's life the visit that he and Beauvoir made to Japan in 1966 is narrated with verve and humour by Professor Suzuki Michihiko, who first met Sartre during that visit and remained in touch subsequently. Taken together, these twelve chapters make a strong case for the continued relevance of Sartre today. (shrink)

Jean-Jacques Rousseau est l'auteur de l'entrée "économie politique" dans l'Encyclopédie en 1755. A ce titre, il aurait pu être l'un des fondateurs de cette discipline. Pourtant, la définition qu'il en donne est à l'encontre de la pensée libérale des physiocrates, puis des classiques, et constitue une véritable "anti-économique". En hypertrophiant le rôle de l'Etat et en niant l'intérêt personnel, Rousseau est au contraire l'un des pères du socialsme. En niant la liberté humaine, il nie aussi l'existence de choix éthiques.

The philosopher of Mathematics Jean Cavaillès plays an important role in Claude Imbert's thought. His published work had a significant impact after the war. It is largely a reflection on debates on the foundation of mathematics and on two opposed models of axiomatics, foundationalist and constructionist. The philosophy he announced was to be a study of the generativity of conceptual structures, as opposed to a phenomenology of knowledge. He derived from his reflection on invention in mathematics a great scepticism (...) on the ideas of the separateness and unity of consciousness and a criticism of the teleologies inherent in philosophies of consciousness. In that, his work, according to Claude Imbert, made possible the reflections on structures and symbolisms which were to dominate the French context in the following decades. (shrink)

The book narrates the ups and downs of Rousseau and follows his life from streets to stardom. It provides a deep insight into the personality of the philosopher and the vision that got him exiled and persecuted. It relates his pride in his individual existence. The assortment of events and emotions presented here is timeless....

Over many long years, whenever a modest and not quite disinterested emissary of a member Association of the International Council of Philosophy and the Humanistic Studies came to visit Jean d'Ormesson at his headquarters in the rue Miollis, patiently clearing his path through mountains of dossiers and brochures, he did not, unlike the title of this paper, associate Jean d'Ormesson with the CIPSH - he simply identified the man before him with the CIPSH itself. An equation born of (...) an admiration barely suppressed under a veneer of polite restraint, an identification perhaps suggested to them by the president or secretary of their home association. Nevertheless a quite unfair one for anyone able to perceive with a greater deal of clarity (the office was very dark in overcast weather) what the ‘Secretary-General’ was, as well and much more, outside of the rue Miollis: the writer, the chronicler of his time, soon to become the assiduously active Academician, or even, dare I suggest, the blue-eyed charmer who graced debates on television. But this summary judgement could readily be forgiven, for the host of the premises had the good taste, when welcoming one to CIPSH, to assume only his mantle as Secretary-General. Besides, for the delegates of member Associations - and it was in this capacity that I first met Jean d'Ormesson before becoming his collaborator on the executive Bureau of CIPSH, and then briefly his successor - he appeared as the effective intermediary with that far-off but richly resourced galaxy called UNESCO. He was the man of warmth and charm who could be relied on to safeguard the subsidies that helped support our conferences and fund our voluminous compilations, which were vital tools for our research. (shrink)

This is an expanded edition of the first comprehensive overview of the work of Jean Baudrillard, one of the most fascinating thinkers on the French intellectual scene. To the original selection of his writings from 1968 to 1985, this new edition adds examples of Baudrillard's work since that time. _Reviews of the First Edition_ "This is a good book, and the author of its selected writings, Jean Baudrillard, deserves only a share of the compliment. It is difficult to (...) introduce a difficult author, and Mark Poster has done a brilliant job. He has selected wisely from Baudrillard's writings.... More important, Poster has written what may be, pound for pound, the best introduction to a social theorist I have read.... Poster has somehow said everything the uninitiated needs to know before deciding to read Baudrillard."—_Contemporary Sociology_ "Following the lead of thinkers such as Foucault, Derrida, and Deleuze, Baudrillard engages in a task of pointing _away_ from any traditional sociological themes. His writings demand that one turn away from convenient or customary interpretations of society and, in the process, one is forced to use his or her imagination in new ways."—_Choice_ "Poster's Introduction presents what is probably as clear and intelligent an exposition of Baudrillard's ideas as you'll find anywhere."—_Philosophy and Literature_. (shrink)

Analyse : (p.489-522 : "Les fausses sinuosités de Benjamin Constant").

La pensée du cinéma ne rencontre d'ordinaire Jean-François Lyotard, dans ses textes sur le cinéma ou non, que par le biais de deux activateurs : l'acinéma et le figurai. Ces deux activateurs, au demeurant, sont fortement représentatifs de la position paradoxale de Lyotard pour les études cinématographiques : si l'acinéma a été le plus souvent critiqué pour sa radicalité voire son sectarisme, n'ayant de fait guère de postérité, il en va tout autrement du figurai, lequel a trouvé dans les (...) films un terrain fertile d'investigation. Tout autant représentative est la méconnaissance en théorie du cinéma de nombreux autres textes de Lyotard portant sur le cinéma ou sur des films, et dont on ne parle jamais, ainsi que de sa philosophie postérieure à sa période libidinale, qui ne semble pas avoir encore trouvé d'échos particuliers en régime filmique. Le présent ouvrage fait précisément le pari de ces deux directions. A partir d'un autre Lyotard, ou du même mais envisagé très différemment, se dessinera progressivement une possibilité de penser le cinéma qui ne devra plus rien au figurai, à l'abstrait ou à l'expérimental, dont Lyotard le premier a fini par revenir, mais qui, singulièrement, ouvrira à une originale théorie du cinéma figuratif. " Méfiance envers les figuratifs quand ils ont de l'âme ", peut-on lire dans Que peindre?... (shrink)

Tous les textes publiés dans l'ouvrage parlent directement de l'œuvre de Jean-Michel Berthelot. La première partie, " Sociologie de Jean-Michel Berthelot ", rassemble les contributions restituant des traits de son œuvre à l'aide d'études de cas précis ou de panoramas plus larges, et balise des domaines de recherche dans lesquels il s'est illustré : sociologie de l'éducation, du corps, des sciences, épistémologie des sciences sociales. La deuxième partie rend compte des perspectives ouvertes par ses travaux et de la (...) manière dont des chercheurs ont mis en œuvre ses réflexions pour leurs propres recherches. Il s'agit donc de restituer la façon dont on peut faire de la sociologie " avec " Jean-Michel Berthelot - à l'aide de ses travaux et des jalons qu'ils posent. La troisième partie est biographique en restituant l'itinéraire académique, intellectuel et humain de Berthelot, que ce soit son parcours universitaire et social, notamment à l'ENS durant mai 68, ou encore sa période " toulousaine " où sa carrière universitaire a débuté et qui en constitue une partie essentielle. Dirigé par Jean-Christophe Marcel et Olivier Martin, cet ouvrage rassemble les contributions de collaborateurs, d'anciens étudiants ou de proches collègues de Jean-Michel Berthelot. (shrink)

Les douze etudes reunies ici sur Jean Scot Erigene, philosophe irlandais du IXe siecle qui redecouvrit plusieurs intuitions originales du neoplatonisme, constituent les derniers travaux de Jean Trouillard. Apres sa these sur la procession et la purification plotinienne, et a la suite de ses traductions et commentaires de Proclus, il preparait un ouvrage sur Jean Scot qui ne vit jamais le jour. Or, ce que la lecture des esquisses de cette oeuvre laissee en suspens nous apprend, c'est (...) que ce passage a Erigene a ete aussi decisif que celui qui l'avait conduit de Plotin a Proclus. La ou il etait possible de craindre une fixation du mouvement de la pensee neoplatonicienne dans les divisions steriles d'une theologie apologetique, Trouillard nous montre qu'il est au contraire impossible de reduire Jean Scot a la seule problematique categoriale qui ouvre le Periphyseon. Erigene constitue un jalon essentiel dans la latinisation du neoplatonisme ou se manifeste avec une force nouvelle la rigueur systematique d'un courant encore trop ignore, porteur d'un paradigme metaphysique qui n'a pourtant jamais ete aussi necessaire qu'aujourd'hui. (shrink)

Jean de Jandun (ca. 1285/1328), maître es arts à l'Université de Paris durant la première moitié du quatorzième siècle, est considéré par l'historiographie contemporaine comme le principal tenant de l'"averroi͏̈sme latin", c'est-à-dire comme le défenseur majeur d'une psychologie extrême dans laquelle l'intellect est unique, éternel, et séparé par essence des hommes. Sa noétique procède en réalité d'une réarticulation ou d'une reprise active du corpus latin d'Averroès et l'on étudie sur trois plans (le rapport au corps, l'intervention de l'image, la (...) production de la pensée) comment elle s'élabore et chemine à l'écart du Grand Commentaire sur le De anima laissé par le Cordouan. La notion de subiectum sert de fil directeur, elle vaut chez Averroès à la fois pour l'intellect sujet-substrat des intelligibles et pour le phantasme qui sert de base à la formation du concept. On décrit donc quels "transferts du sujet" s'opèrent dans la relance de la noétique rushdienne, pour relever des glissements et finalement pointer la mise en place de problématiques nouvelles et constitutives, aussi, de notre modernité. Car, en reconnaissant à l'"averroi͏̈sme" une production réellement philosophique qu'on tendait à lui refuser, on fait apparaître combien l'oeuvre de Jean est solidaire de l'invention ou de l'accentuation d'une question capitale dont nous sommes héritiers : celle du sujet humain des pensées, celle de l'assomption de l'homme comme sujet. (shrink)

One of Rousseau’s later and most puzzling works and never before available in English, this neglected autobiographical piece was the product of the philosopher’s old age and sense of persecution. Long viewed simply as evidence of his growing paranoia, it consists of three dialogues between a character named “Rousseau” and one identified only as “Frenchman” who discuss the bad reputation and works of an author named “Jean-Jacques.” Dialogues offers a fascinating retrospective of his literary career.

Jean-Michel Beaudet est professeur d’ethnomusicologie à l’Université Paris-Nanterre. Spécialiste de la musique et de la danse amérindienne, il a publié en 1997 Souffles d’Amazonie. Les orchestres tule des Wayãpi, accompagné d’un CD qui restitue les enregistrements pratiqués lors de son séjour auprès des Wayãpi, et en 2010 Nous danserons jusqu’à l’aube. Essai d’ethnologie mouvementée en Amazonie, Paris, CTHS. Plus récemment, il a fait paraître Jouer, danser, boire. Carnets d’ethnographies musicales aux Éditions de l’EHESS, 2017, qui mêle réflexions sur la (...) pratique de l’ethnologie et souvenirs relatifs à son travail de terrain, qu’il conçoit moins comme une étude sur qu’une pratique avec les personnes rencontrées lors de ses différents voyages au Brésil (1975), en Guyane (1977-2023), en Nouvelle-Calédonie (1984-1988) – qui certes n’est pas en Amazonie – puis en Bolivie (1992-1998). (shrink)

The article analyses the idea that according to the averroist Jean de Jandun, Master of Arts in Paris at the beginning of the 14th century, human beings are composed of a «double form» the separated intellect on the one hand, the cogitative soul on the other hand. After recalling several major accounts of the time, we explore Jean's reading of Averroes' major conceptions concerning the problem. Finally, we challenge the idea according to which we observe in his writings (...) the radical thesis of a sometimes cogitating sometimes thinking «double human being» that makes of the homo intelligens a punctual and exclusive new being, which is accidentally produced while the thinking takes place. (shrink)

Jean-Paul Sartre, novelist, playwright, biographer, was undoubtedly one of the greatest philosophers of the 20th century. Above all, however, he was an embodiment of the engagé intellectual, active in a variety of political causes, as well as an individual who attempted to live his life in accordance with the philosophy he professed. These interviews take Sartre on a wide-ranging tour of his philosophy and politics. Here we have Simone de Beauvoir challenging Sartre on his own attitude towards machismo and (...) feminism; and Sartre responding thoughtfully to questions which range from Freud, Marx, and the drama of Bertolt Brecht to the Cultural Revolution, Stalinism, the May 'Events' and of course, the US war on Vietnam. Their breadth remains a testimony to one man's attempt to make philosophical sense of the tumultuous world around him. (shrink)

La phénoménologie a connu trop peu de sommets créateurs depuis Husserl et Heidegger pour qu’il soit possible d’ignorer le dernier ouvrage de Jean-Luc Marion, aussi superbement écrit qu’il est ambitieux. Certes, de très exhaustives encyclopédies conçues par nos collègues américains, pour lesquels le terme de phénoménologie sert un peu d’équivalent à celui de philosophie continentale, recenseront des légions de phénoménologues depuis Husserl et Heidegger, mais aucun n’aura eu d’impact vraiment déterminant sur la conception même de la discipline. Ces listes (...) comprendront de redoutables penseurs comme Jean-Paul Sartre, Maurice Merleau-Ponty, Emmanuel Levinas et Paul Ricœur, où l’on reconnaîtra les plus illustres représentants de la tradition de la phénoménologie française. (shrink)

De quelle définition de l'authenticité peut-on se réclamer aujourd'hui? L'authentês, en grec, c'est d'abord "celui dont émane une action", son auteur. C'est à mesurer l'envergure et les difficultés de cette quête de liberté authentique qui est celle de Rousseau autant que la nôtre, qu'est consacré cet ouvrage.

Jean Baudrillard is one of the most revered philosophers of the past century, and his work has helped define how we think about the post-modern. In this fascinating book of interviews conducted with Francois L'Yvonnet, Baudrillard is on sparkling form and explores his life in terms of his educational, political and literary experiences, as well as reflecting on his intellectual genesis and his position as outsider in the field of great French thinkers. Perhaps most interestingly, Baudrillard discusses his life's (...) work in relationship to his contemporaries: thinkers such as Bataille and the Situationists, Barthes, Lyotard, and Deleuze, amongst others. _Fragments: Interviews with Jean Baudrillard _will be essential reading for any scholar of Baudrillard, but will also prove an attractive and informative starting point for any student trying to get to grips with his work for the first time. (shrink)