Philosopher Elsa Dorlin looks across the global history of the left to trace the politics, philosophy, and ethics of self defense.

The online dating application has in recent years become a major avenue for meeting potential partners. But while the digital public sphere has gained the attention of political philosophers, a systematic normative evaluation of issues arising in the ‘digital sexual sphere’ is lacking. I provide a philosophical framework for assessing dating app corporation conduct, capturing why people use these apps and their experience so often is unsatisfactory. Identifying dating apps as agents intervening in a social institution necessary for the reproduction (...) of society, with immense power over people's lives, I ask if they exercise their power in line with individuals’ interests. Acknowledging that people have claims to non-interference, equal standing, and choice improvement relating to intimacy, I find that the traditional, non-digital, sexual sphere poses problems to their realisation, especially for sexual minorities. In this context, apps’ potential for justice in the sexual sphere is immense, but unfulfilled. (shrink)

En 1685, le Code noir défendait « aux esclaves de porter aucunes armes offensives ni de gros bâtons » sous peine de fouet. Au xixe siècle, en Algérie, l'État colonial français interdisait les armes aux indigènes, tout en accordant aux colons le droit de s'armer. Aujourd'hui, certaines vies comptent si peu que l'on peut tirer dans le dos d'un adolescent tout en prétendant qu'il était agressif, armé et menaçant. Une ligne de partage oppose historiquement les corps « dignes d'être défendus (...) » et ceux qui, désarmés ou rendus indéfendables, sont laissés sans défense. Ce « désarmement » organisé des subalternes et des opprimés au profit d'une minorité jouissant d'un droit permanent à porter des armes et à en user impunément pose directement, pour tout élan de libération, la question du recours à la violence pour sa propre défense. Du jiu-jitsu des suffragettes aux pratiques insurrectionnelles du ghetto de Varsovie, des fusils des Black Panthers aux patrouilles queer, Elsa Dorlin retrace une généalogie philosophique de l'autodéfense politique. Derrière l'histoire officielle de la légitime défense, il est ici question du récit des « éthiques martiales de soi », ces histoires ensevelies où le Sujet ne préexiste pas à sa propre défense, où le fait de se défendre en attaquant apparaît à la fois comme la condition de possibilité d'un soi et la matière des mythologies politiques. Cette histoire – une histoire de la violence – conditionne la définition même de la subjectivité moderne. Elle s'écrit à la lumière d'une relecture critique de l'histoire de la philosophie politique, où Hobbes et Locke sont à confronter avec Franz Fanon, Michel Foucault ou Judith Butler. (shrink)

John and Curran have convincingly shown that Scanlonian contractualism is a valuable resource for evaluating pandemic response policies, and that we should reject cost–benefit analysis in favour of a contractualist framework. However, they fail to consider the part of contractualism that Scanlon constructed precisely to deal with the question of when the state can restrict individuals from making choices that are harmful to themselves and others: the value of choice view. In doing so, they leave it open for opponents of (...) lockdowns to misuse contractualism to justify mistaken policies. This is because the most powerful contractualist objections to locking down are likely to be based on the VoC. When we apply the value of choice view, we see that a lockdown policy’s justifiability depends on the extent to which particular values of choice are found to be threatened by the policy in question, and what safeguards policy-makers have put in place to increase the value of choice and protect people from the harmful consequences of lockdown. Without the VoC, it is harder to explain why lockdowns, to be non-rejectable, must have certain features. With the VoC, the case for contractualism over cost benefit analysis can be made even stronger. (shrink)

Elsa Godart explora cómo la llegada del mundo virtual y la IA generativa transforma la noción de sujeto y subjetividad. Históricamente, la subjetividad se construye a través de varias etapas cronológicas. Es el momento de la formación de la conciencia del sujeto (de Descartes a Kant) lo que constituye el primer movimiento de la metamorfosis. A continuación, las características del sujeto son cuestionadas por el inconsciente (Freud, Marx, Lacan). Es la segunda etapa de la metamorfosis, la de la deformación. (...) Por último, la tercera etapa, la transformación del sujeto con la aparición del «sujeto virtual». Esta nueva subjetividad digital, o «subjetividad aumentada». El «sujeto virtual» designa identidades fragmentadas, en constante mutación, influenciadas por la interconexión digital. Esta evolución plantea importantes retos éticos, cuestionando la responsabilidad en un mundo hipertecnológico. La autora invita a una nueva reflexión sobre el ser humano, su autonomía y la forma en que la tecnología reinventa nuestra relación con la conciencia y el mundo. (shrink)

Bridging the Gap? On the Use and Abuse of the Bridging Principle for Ethics. The world is full of ditches, abysses, faults or “gaps”, even in philosophy. Fortunately, there are bridges to create - more or less stable - connections. This chapter is about these bridges, about their sustainability, and about an alternative to reach the other side. For this purpose, relevant aspects of the is-ought dichotomy are recapitulated by the author. This is followed by an explication and analysis of (...) the feasibility postulate to illustrate and reconsider the potential and difficulties of bridge principles. If it is not possible to bridge the gap between is and ought, maybe one will have to risk jumping the gap, the author argues. This is the focus of the last part of this chapter. (shrink)

Amongst recent work on analogies between the epistemic and the moral domains, one interaction is absent: apologies. This paper aims to fill that gap. After providing some reasons for thinking that epistemic apologies already exist in our practices, we explore the phenomena of epistemic relationships and epistemic trust. These are then used to build an account of epistemic apologies where we suggest that the function of an epistemic apology is to provide a basis for epistemic repair between an epistemic norm-violator (...) and the victim of that violation. We illustrate how epistemic relationships can become impaired and what it takes for them to be repaired. Our hope is that this will be one step towards a cohesive picture of epistemic normativity. The resulting account also illustrates the similarity between epistemic and moral responsibility exchanges: they have the same conversational structure – consisting of the same kind of moves whose functions are special cases of a general functional schema – even as they are concerned with different kinds of failures. (shrink)

Now that the usage and meaning of urban spaces have been dramatically challenged by the global pandemic, several debates and reflections are going on around the manner in which cities – both as concerns the public and the private spaces – have been designed. The article observes how “urban-human face” representations have served different models of urbanity across times and cultures. Using a framework deriving from semiotics of culture, according to which the city represents a model of the world, the (...) article attempts to interpret how portraits of faces have been modelling the city through different urban faciality mechanisms. The focus is on a sample of what we call ‘urban-human faces’, ranging from Soviet propaganda posters to the digital #selfiecity project. The expression refers to series of representations that bring together the city and the face. It can be argued that both the city and the face, produced at a specific historical and cultural moment, with their figurative and plastic elements, deploy the struggle for the city ownership and authorship. Nonetheless, the commensurability of the city and the face can be just based on the fact that both semiotic configurations represent an excess with the help of cartographic reproduction (the city) and the portrait (the face), respectively. A city can be represented by a face to the extent to which it is also multifaceted as a polylogue. On the basis of such instable commensurability, the article will ultimately attempt to bring together the semiotics of the face and the semiotics of the city. (shrink)

Recent advances in machine learning have made it feasible to deploy AI systems in many different contexts. When machines act without human input, they expose people to risks. Within business ethics, the dominant framework for addressing such risks has been the moral machine thesis: the idea that autonomous systems should emulate what is morally right in human interpersonal decision-making. Recently, it has been suggested that this approach should also guide regulation. Moral machine regulation is the view that the right regulatory (...) approach to AI is to determine the correct choice in individual situations and craft regulation from these judgements. This paper argues that this view is mistaken. What is right in an individual case is not necessarily right when aggregated into a system of regulation, and what is right can depend on the regulatory framework itself. Instead, we argue for practice-dependent governance of AI. On this view, regulation of AI systems should aim to ensure that the practices in which they are deployed are just and justifiable to those affected, in light of the values and purposes those practices are meant to serve. (shrink)

Rohit Parikh advocates a collaboration between logicians, philosophers, computer scientists and game theorists, in an effort to use the techniques from their fields to shed light on social phenomena, in his well known plea for social software. So far, this enterprise has largely neglected a topic of key importance: money. What is money, how is it created, how does it disappear, and how does it shape our society? The paper takes on these questions in the form of a discourse where (...) participants from a variety of backgrounds shine their lights on them. (shrink)

https://revistes.uab.cat/enrahonar/article/view/v13-elsas.

In search of human uniqueness Content Type Journal Article DOI 10.1007/s11016-010-9472-6 Authors Elsa Addessi, Istituto di Scienze e Tecnologie della Cognizione, Via Ulisse Aldrovandi, 16/b, 00197 Rome, Italy Journal Metascience Online ISSN 1467-9981 Print ISSN 0815-0796.

Nous sommes aujourd'hui confrontés, à travers les objets techniques comme la réalité virtuelle ou, plus quotidiennement les images des jeux vidéo, à un changement qui affecte non pas les objets de la perception mais la perception elle-même. Ce changement a un nom qui est aussi un des grands impensés de la philosophie du XXe siècle : la «perception artificielle». A travers les textes d'Edmund Husserl, Jacques Derrida et Bernard Stiegler et en s'appuyant sur des cas empruntés tant aux jeux vidéos (...) et aux dispositifs de simulation qu'au cinéma, Elsa Boyer se livre à une enquête philosophique à la fois radicale et profonde. Car c'est la perception elle-même que son artificialité l'amène à repenser, par-delà l'opposition entre le réel et l'imaginaire. Relisant Husserl après Derrida et confrontant le dernier au fantôme du premier, Elsa Boyer nous montre comment la réalité virtuelle nous oblige à (re)faire de la philosophie. (shrink)

De l'anonyme le plus discret au professeur le plus admiré, nombre d'entre nous cherche son quart d'heure de gloire. Ce penchant, exposé, exploité et nourri par la présence des médias et des réseaux sociaux dans notre quotidien devient un phénomène de société majeur. Quelle est l'origine de ce besoin de visibilité, de cette quête insatiable de notoriété, de cette soif inextinguible de reconnaissance? Après quoi court ce monde qui tourne autour de la popularité? Pour répondre à ces questions, Elsa (...) Godart en appelle à la philosophie. Elle sonde les caractéristiques typiques d'une époque exhibitionniste et développe l'idée selon laquelle cette quête de célébrité, et plus largement de 'reconnaissance,' cache le vide de nos vies, nos manques-à-être, nos absences, nos vacuités, nos disparitions, nos oublis et nos contresens. Mais plutôt que de chercher à exister à tout prix, ne serait-il pas temps de recommencer à vivre?"--Page 4 of cover. (shrink)

La irrupción de la utilización generalizada de inteligencia artificial en el ámbito de la comunicación y en concreto en el periodismo muestra un resultado claroscuro que cabe analizar desde una perspectiva crítica. Este artículo aborda desde un perspectiva crítica la revolución que la presencia creciente de la inteligencia artificial está provocando tanto los métodos como en los resultados periodísticos, afectando a sus garantías de calidad y excelencia. El texto sostiene que es necesario acercarse críticamente al impacto actual, así como al (...) potencial, que este presenta para los profesionales, las organizaciones y la sociedad, y propone hacerlo desde el método hermenéutico-crítico de las éticas aplicadas. El estudio se estructura en dos partes. Una primera que realiza una aproximación a la irrupción de la inteligencia artificial en la práctica del periodismo, explicitando las recomendaciones que desde diferentes instancias se ofrecen para orientar esta incorporación de la inteligencia artificial en la práctica comunicativa, concretamente en la periodística. Una segunda parte que identifica los principales riesgos éticos, recomendaciones y principios éticos para afrontarlos desde la autorregulación ética. (shrink)

The modernization of agriculture in Northern countries has led to a loss of crop diversity, as well as a loss of knowledge, know-how and rights of farmers regarding on-farm seed breeding. In France, the Réseau Semences Paysannes (RSP) brings together collectives of actors (farmers, bakers, citizens, gardeners) mobilized in a quest to reclaim these aspects. Within the framework of the decentralized participatory breeding program conducted in collaboration with INRAE, farmers have co-constructed knowledge in terms of dynamic management of heterogeneous wheat (...) populations. Yet, as the RSP network grows, these actors face new types of challenges regarding collective action. To address them, we proposed to consider peasant seeds as « common unknowns » rather than « common goods » and we adapted and applied an innovative design approach drawing upon the KCP (Knowledge-Concept-Proposals) method. This approach consisted in implementing, from 2019 to 2021, five decentralized design workshops with local seed breeding collectives. The replication of design workshops in different contexts provided a framework for interaction among RSP members, allowed the sharing of both scientific and experiential knowledge. Noteworthily, it fostered the generation of many proposals for enhancing collective action, and led to the development of operational proposals with a view to implement them in the future. This methodology-oriented paper mainly describes the decentralized design approach implemented, its outputs and outcomes, as well as its interests and limits in the context of crop diversity management. It also analyses how the workshop outputs enriches previous works in the field; in particular how such a participatory design approach leads to produce original operational solutions to respond to challenges identified in the literature. (shrink)

How do social norms influence our choices? And does the presence of biased norms affect what we owe to each other? Looking at empirical research relating to PrEP rollout in HIV prevention policy, a...

We discuss the striking similarities between Friedrich Nietzsche's and Wilfrid Sellars's respective philosophies of mind. Drawing especially on recent Nietzsche scholarship by Riccardi and Katsafanas, we argue that the Nietzschean picture of consciousness is essentially the same as Sellars's view of conceptually structured thought. In particular, we argue that both consider structured thinking to be a linguistic phenomenon whose structure, in turn, arises contingently from social interactions within a community. Further, both views provide for a special role to be played (...) by specifically mentalistic vocabulary, making it possible to engage with the mental states of others in a reflective way. We also discuss how this parallel extends to their respective views on perception. Drawing on O'Shea and Riccardi, we argue for interpretations on which there still is a clear connection between their respective views. Finally, we end the article by discussing some reasons why this similarity should not be as unexpected as it initially seems. (shrink)

Among various case studies addressing the reception of relativity, very few deal with Portugal at either the international or the national level. The national literature on the topic has mainly concentrated on the reactions to relativity of the Portuguese mathematical community. The absence of Portuguese astronomers alongside Eddington during the 1919 expedition to Principe, then a Portuguese island, has been implicitly equated with the astronomical community's lack of interest in the event. In reception studies dealing with general relativity, analysis has (...) tended to focus on the physics and mathematics communities, less on the astronomers. Given that relativity was born at the interface of physics, mathematics and astronomy, reactions of members of these scientific communities depended on differences in shared traditions, values, problems and expectations, as well as on individual practitioners' idiosyncrasies. This paper addresses the contributions of the overlooked Portuguese astronomical community, evaluates the actions and reactions of its members to the expedition and assesses their role in the process of appropriation of relativity. (shrink)

L’idée que la grossesse puisse être formalisée par un calendrier spécifique, séquencé en mois et en trimestres, marqué par des seuils (seuil des 3 mois, période de réalisation des échographies, seuil de viabilité du fœtus, etc.) et délimité par une prévision de l’accouchement au jour près semble aujourd’hui aller de soi. Cet article interroge cette évidence en examinant la mise en nombre du temps de la grossesse sous l’angle de la quantification telle qu’elle a été définie par A. Desrosières : (...) quelles sont les conventions qui président à la quantification du temps de la grossesse? Quelles en sont les logiques sous-jacentes? Quels sont les effets de ces opérations de quantification? À partir d’une enquête qualitative menée dans deux maternités hospitalières franciliennes et d’une étude de la littérature secondaire, l’article retrace la généalogie de la mise en nombre de la grossesse depuis le début du xx e siècle et son évolution, puis il analyse le caractère normatif de cette quan... (shrink)

El objetivo es analizar la relación establecida entre espacio y agencia en dos “tragedias de escape” euripideas, _Helena_ e _Ifigenia entre los tauros_. El espacio, abordado desde las dos dimensiones de sus referentes (Egipto y la Táurica) y del escenario de la performance teatral, es un elemento fundamental para analizar la agencia que las protagonistas van desarrollando a lo largo de cada obra para huir de lugares distantes, exóticos y bárbaros que encarnan la alteridad de la sociedad ateniense. Focalizaremos en (...) el distinto grado de confinamiento en el que se encuentra cada personaje y las estrategias de supervivencia llevadas adelante. (shrink)

Social norms regulating carework and social reproduction tend to be inegalitarian. At the same time, such norms often play a crucial role when we plan our lives. How can we criticise objectionable practices while ensuring that people can organise their lives around meaningful and predictable rules? Gerald Gaus argues that only ‘publicly justified’ rules, rules that everyone would prefer over ‘blameless liberty,’ should be followed. In this paper, we uncover the inegalitarian implications of this feature of Gaus's framework. We show (...) that because a society without clear social norms for how social reproduction and care work ought to be organised would be so unattractive, inegalitarian rules would pass Gaus's test. They would pass this test since they would nevertheless be better than ‘blameless liberty.’ Those who are disproportionately burdened by a rule are faced with the daunting task of showing that they would be better off under no rule, instead of merely having to show that they would be better off with a different rule. (shrink)

El presente artículo tiene por objetivo analizar el proceso de deshumanización de Hécuba en la tragedia homónima de Eurípides. Se estudian las relaciones entre los mecanismos de animalización y las representaciones monstruosas, en el contexto de la constitución de un personaje cuya sed de venganza se traduce en la comisión de un infanticidio. Se plantea una hipótesis por la cual la metamorfosis del personaje se concibe como sinécdoque del monstruo Escila.

O artigo busca examinar o sentido do termo "confia- bilidade" no interior da teoria winnicottiana do amadurecimento pessoal e com relação à tarefa terapêutica. Em Winnicott, mais do que uma qualidade desejável em qualquer relação humana, a confiabilidade é a característica central do ambiente facilitador, materno e terapêutico, e está intimamente ligada à dependência. O ponto específico no qual o estudo se detém é a função essencial da confiabilidade durante o período inicial da vida, em que estão sendo constituídas as (...) bases da personalidade, com o bebê em estado de dependência absoluta da mãe. Nesse momento, a confiabilidade ambiental está diretamente implicada na constituição da identidade e dos sentidos de realidade, do si-mesmo e do mundo, tendo implicações clínicas importantes, sobretudo no que se refere ao tratamento de pacientes que usam a situação analítica para regredir à dependência.The purpose of this essay is to examine the meaning of the term "reliability" within the winnicottian maturacional process theory and its relevance to therapeutic task. According to Winnicott, reliability is more than just a desirable quality in human relations: it is the central characteristic of the facilitating - maternal and therapeutic - environment. The specific point to be examined is the essential function of reliability during the earlier stages, when the bases of the personality are being built and the baby is in a state of absolute dependence on the mother. At this moment, the environmental reliability is directly implicated in the constitution of the self as identity and the world's sense of reality. This point has significant clinical implications specially in the treatment of patients who need to regress to the dependence. (shrink)

According to Ruth Chang (2002, 2022), incommensurability in hard cases cannot be cases of vagueness. This is because vagueness, unlike hard cases, can always be resolved by arbitrary stipulation, leaving no resolutional remainder or substantive disagreement. Contrary to this, I argue that Chang’s argument fails because proponents of the vagueness view are in no way necessarily committed to the claim that vagueness always can be resolved by arbitrary stipulation. In fact, there seems to be no reason to assume that vagueness (...) could not accommodate our intuitions about resolutional remainder and substantive disagreements in a satisfying way. If we want a simple theory, and if at least some incommensurability is vagueness, this could then be a reason for understanding incommensurability as vagueness; and perhaps even rejecting parity. (shrink)

Premier volume d’une nouvelle collection (« Cambridge Studies in the Dia­logues of Plato », dirigée par Mary Margaret McCabe), Plato’s ‘Cratylus’ présente, d’un dialogue de Platon particulièrement complexe, une lecture radicalement nouvelle. L’ouvrage ouvre bien une voie originale par rapport aux travaux con­sacrés, depuis une douzaine d’années, à l’élucidation du sens et de la portée phi­losophiques du Cratyle (mentionnons notamment : T. M. S. Baxter, The Cratylus. Plato’s Critique of Naming...

Okeanos is at once a mythological figure and a philosophical concept appearing in many ancient accounts of the world. A frequent object of allegoresis, his cosmological role and his name posed an enigma to Homer’s readers, especially those with a rationalizing bent. This paper proposes that the paradoxical representation of Okeanos as a primordial generative power and a geographical limit may be explained by the influence of etymological speculation, which was a popular heuristic method used by Greek intellectuals from the (...) archaic period throughout antiquity. (shrink)

In “The Bioethics of Environmental Injustice: Ethical, Legal, and Clinical Implications of Unhealthy Environments,” Ray and Cooper (2024) advocate for environmental law efforts, with a focus on the...

O objetivo deste trabalho é estabelecer algumas conexões entre a psicanálise de D. W Winnicott e a analítica existencial de M. Heidegger. Viso, em particular, 1) examinar as observações de Heidegger sobre a estrutura do Dasein do recém-nascido, formuladas no parágrafo 15 de Einleitung in die Philosophie (Introdução à Filosofia, GA 27) à luz das concepções de Winnicott sobre a constituição do si mesmo infantil, dando ênfase especial à temporalidade primitiva do bebê e ao caráter temporal do trauma; 2) analisar, (...) levando em conta a teoria winnicottiana dos distúrbios esquizofrênicos, as observações sobre um caso de esquizofrenia feitas por Heidegger no Seminários de Zollikon. (shrink)

David Sedley entreprend dans cet ouvrage dense – et aussi original que son récent commentaire du Cratyle (voir supra) – d’apporter une lumière véritable­ment nouvelle sur un dialogue platonicien aussi complexe qu’amplement com­menté. Il ne prétend pas écarter le contenu de détail des analyses du Théétète produites dans les dernières décennies mais se fixe néanmoins un objectif ambitieux : dégager un aspect radicalement inaperçu de ce dialogue et, en parti­culier, les raisons véritables pour l...

Resumo: O estudo constata, de início, que, diferentemente da psicanálise freudiana para a qual é o complexo de Édipo que instaura o triângulo e a família, em Winnicott é a existência da família que propicia, pela instauração da saúde, a ocorrência da situação edipiana. Em seguida, mostra-se que a existência de uma família e sua pertença a ela só chega ao indivíduo como um fato a ser levado em conta num dado momento do amadurecimento em que já é possível o (...) estabelecimento de relações com pessoas externas e separadas do eu. O estudo assinala, ainda, a importância crucial que Winnicott atribui à família enquanto ampliação do colo materno, o primeiro dos “círculos cada vez mais amplos” que irão aguardar a criança ao longo do amadurecimento na direção da autonomia e da socialização.Palavras-chave: família; Winnicott; lar devotado comum; segurança; socialização; democracia. Abstract: The study shows that unlike Freudian psychoanalysis for which it is the Oedipus complex which establishes the triangle and the family, in Winnicott it is the existence of the family which gives rise to the Oedipal situation, if health is preserved. We then show that the existence of a family and the belonging to it only comes to the individual as a fact to be taken into account at a given moment of development, when it is already possible to establish relationships with external individuals, separated from the self. The study also points to the crucial importance that Winnicott attaches to the family as an expansion of the mother's lap, the first of the “ever-widening circles” awaiting the child throughout the maturational processes in the direction of autonomy and socialization.Keywords: family; Winnicott; ordinary devoted home; safety; socialization; democracy. (shrink)

Les processus décisionnels d’arrêt ou de poursuite de la réanimation d’un enfant peuvent être très différents selon les services hospitaliers. Cette diversité résiste à une explication globale et oblige à chercher une interprétation locale. Le présent article revient donc sur les différentes caractéristiques qui sous-tendent l’élaboration d’une décision médicale. Chaque service construit un cadre décisionnel (à partir de modes de fonctionnement, critères médicaux, positionnements moraux, place des parents) qui permet de faire face à une si lourde incertitude et responsabilité face (...) à la question: “quelle vie mérite d’être vécue?”. (shrink)

Poser les fondements d’une justice transformatrice en France soulève de nombreuses difficultés, qu’il s’agit de considérer afin de proposer une théorie abolitionniste ancrée dans la pratique et le quotidien. L’article confronte certaines théories états-uniennes de la justice transformatrice avec le travail de terrain, notamment réalisé par l’association Fracas, dans les milieux militants queer et féministes français. L’autrice entend ainsi apporter un nouvel éclairage sur un type de justice encore peu connu en France. Justice de la communauté, la justice transformatrice appelle (...) à se réapproprier nos conflits et nos modes de gestion pour sortir du pénal et de leur judiciarisation tout en portant une réflexion de fond sur les rapports structurels de domination. (shrink)

Cities of the past enjoyed rich soundscapes full of organic sounds. Such sounds can be hard to hear, even for those that are listening, in many of today’s cities and neighborhoods. Evaluating the sounds of life in urban neighborhoods can be one method of determining the health and vibrancy of an area. A silent neighborhood, one not devoid of sound or noise, but rather missing the sounds of human and animal life, can be detrimental to the community and its residents. (...) This paper both investigates the history of and loss of the diverse urban soundscape and how it can be reclaimed in modern cities. (shrink)

Platons Philosophie des Bildes est un ouvrage imposant et dense, qui propose une lecture générale du sens et de la fonction de l’image dans la philosophie de Platon. En dressant de ceux-ci un tableau synoptique à partir de la période « de maturité », il vise à faire apparaître une « unité remarquable » de la notion platonicienne d’image (« der platonische Bildbegriff »). Si Christoph Poetsch analyse les diverses formes de celle-ci, ainsi que les Gleichnisbilder (analogies et métaphores) les (...) p... (shrink)

O artigo mostra como Winnicott, a partir de uma experiência assistencial de caráter institucional, soube observar o que era propriamente terapêutico para as crianças envolvidas, e formular os princípios em que essa ação terapêutica estava baseada, relacionando-os com a teoria que ele começara a desenvolver: a teoria do amadurecimento pessoal. Um desses princípios é o da sobrevivência, conceito-chave do cuidado materno e terapêutico. Na continuação, estão descritos alguns aspectos essenciais da capacidade de sobrevivência da mãe e do analista. Palavras-chave : (...) Winnicott; Sobrevivência; Amadurecimento; Confiabilidade; Falha do analista; Interpretação; Crescimento para menor. (shrink)

O artigo busca examinar o sentido do termo "confia- bilidade" no interior da teoria winnicottiana do amadurecimento pessoal e com relação à tarefa terapêutica. Em Winnicott, mais do que uma qualidade desejável em qualquer relação humana, a confiabilidade é a característica central do ambiente facilitador, materno e terapêutico, e está intimamente ligada à dependência. O ponto específico no qual o estudo se detém é a função essencial da confiabilidade durante o período inicial da vida, em que estão sendo constituídas as (...) bases da personalidade, com o bebê em estado de dependência absoluta da mãe. Nesse momento, a confiabilidade ambiental está diretamente implicada na constituição da identidade e dos sentidos de realidade, do si-mesmo e do mundo, tendo implicações clínicas importantes, sobretudo no que se refere ao tratamento de pacientes que usam a situação analítica para regredir à dependência. Palavras-chave : Confiabilidade; Dependência; Regressão; Si-mesmo; Sentido de realidade. (shrink)

Presentación de la sección «Ética aplicada para una Inteligencia Artificial confiable» del número monográfico de Daimon Revista Internacional de Filosofía, nº 90 (septiembre - diciembre 2023).