Several theorists have argued that ecological systems and wildlife populations should be engineered to improve wild animal welfare, promote justice for wild animals, or maximize resources for people. These views are transformational, rather than deferential towards ecological and evolutionary processes. In this paper I advocate for deference in ecosystem management on environmental values, species/organism impartiality, and humility grounds. I defend deferential views against critiques from proponents of transformation to improve animal welfare, and argue that macroscale anthropogenic change, including climate (...) change, strengthens rather than undermines the case for deference. Although not a comprehensive argument against transformation in general or transformation to improve wild animal welfare in particular, the considerations that support deference generate a substantial presumption against transformationalism. (shrink)

The world is about to be swamped by an unprecedented wave of AI-generated content. We need reliable ways of identifying such content, to supplement the many existing social institutions that enable trust between people and organisations and ensure social resilience. In this paper, we begin by highlighting an important new development: providers of AI content generators have new obligations to support the creation of reliable detectors for the content they generate. These new obligations arise mainly from the EU’s newly finalised (...) AI Act, but they are enhanced by the US President’s recent Executive Order on AI, and by several considerations of self-interest. These new steps towards reliable detection mechanisms are by no means a panacea—but we argue they will usher in a new adversarial landscape, in which reliable methods for identifying AI-generated content are commonly available. In this landscape, many new questions arise for policymakers. Firstly, if reliable AI-content detection mechanisms are available, who should be required to use them? And how should they be used? We argue that new duties arise for media and Web search companies arise for media companies, and for Web search companies, in the deployment of AI-content detectors. Secondly, what broader regulation of the tech ecosystem will maximise the likelihood of reliable AI-content detectors? We argue for a range of new duties, relating to provenance-authentication protocols, open-source AI generators, and support for research and enforcement. Along the way, we consider how the production of AI-generated content relates to ‘free expression’, and discuss the important case of content that is generated jointly by humans and AIs. (shrink)

Purpose‐driven businesses have a stated objective to contribute to the welfare of society and the planet alongside generating shareholder value. As interest in purpose‐driven businesses grows, an emerging “purpose ecosystem” of advisers, investors, and enablers offers different types of support for businesses wanting to transition to sustainability. This paper examines how the transition towards purpose‐driven business in Australia and the United Kingdom requires addressing challenges facing this support ecosystem at three levels. First, at the individual level where support (...) providers need to build the capabilities of managers who are experiencing tensions around integrating societal and environmental purpose while facing pressure for maximizing shareholder value. Second, the support providers working within the purpose ecosystem offering professional advice and finance face their own tensions between environmental or social objectives and commercial pressures. Third, there are challenges facing actors in the ecosystems aiming to change the wider policy and institutional environment but facing lobbying from those wanting to keep “business as usual.” We identify practical implications for those parts of the purpose‐driven business ecosystem providing support. This includes building capabilities to combine social, environmental, and commercial purpose; coordination among support providers; and creating an institutional environment to avoid “purpose wash.”. (shrink)

The Kering Group is a prominent player in the luxury fashion industry, boasting of high-end brands such as Gucci, Saint Laurent, etc. To measure and quantify the environmental impact of its operations, the group has developed an EP&L (Environmental Profit and Loss Accounting) tool. This chapter critically analyses the EP&L tool using the concepts of ecosystem valuation and double materiality to understand its effectiveness based on the Kering Group's goals and performance over the years and the indicators they currently (...) use. The findings indicate the need to update the tool to gain a more comprehensive understanding of the relationship between business and the environment. This study offers insights into whether balanced growth is achievable for this fashion industry giant through its current efforts. The results of this study could help the Kering Group, and other similar organizations, develop and implement more effective strategies for reducing their environmental impact and promoting sustainable growth. (shrink)

Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 0-226-595 19-6 (cloth : alk. paper) . A . 1. Environmental policy. 2. Environmental management — Decision making. 3. Interdisciplinary research. 4. Communication in science. 5. Sustainable ...

This study assessed the challenges with transitioning from start-up to scaleup in Lagos’ emerging entrepreneurial ecosystem (EE)Entrepreneur/entrepreneurialecosystem. Current studies on transitional challengesTransitional challenges in emerging EEs appear nascent, fragmented, or narrow focused, making it challenging to focus policy initiatives. The study is based on a qualitative methodology based on an interpretive philosophy. Primary data were collected from forty ecosystem actors in Lagos comprising founders, funders, support providers such as hubs, NGOs, academia, and government agencies, using semi-structured interviews. Additional (...) data were collected from a two-day focus group discussion Summit in LagosLagos. Thematic analysis was used to analyse the data retrieved. Micro-level challenges featured issues like corporate governanceCorporate governance, competence and capabilities, and business model-related challenges; at the meso-level, talent leakage, access to finance, markets, information, and supports and networks; and at the macro-level, tax, regulation, infrastructural deficiency, and security. We found spillover and feedback effects across the levels. The study argues the need to recraft internal configurations of start-ups at the micro-level, shift from competition to cooperation at the meso-level, and leverage private–public actor collaboration at the macro-level. The study addresses the transitional challenges in multi-levels from an ecosystem lens which is a major shift from mainstream literature in emerging economies. (shrink)

Compared to investments in R&D, the economic effect of innovation has recently been on the decline. This situation is exacerbated by a number of factors, including resource-intensive complex research, research assessment and incentive structure, and inequality in access to scientific knowledge in the research ecosystem. Along with such constraints, growing scientific crises such as reproducibility crises, research fraud, and exploitation of intellectual property rights (IPR) have resulted in a less effective scientific ecosystem and created a barrier between science (...) and society. Through an open, accessible flow of scientific knowledge, open science (OS) seeks to dismantle these barriers and enhances the efficiency and reproducibility of research. In the scientific community, there is an increasing emphasis on measures aimed at making research more “open.” Recognizing the societal implications, UNESCO issued an OS recommendation in 2021 for the nations to support and implement OS. In India, Open Access (OA) and OS initiatives also have garnered a lot of attention. The first substantial OA mandate guideline was released in 2014 as a consequence of collaborative DST-DBT initiative. Recently, India has announced plans to implement an OS framework in the “2020 draft of the 5th Science, Technology, and Innovation Policy (STIP).” With the articulation of key policies, including the “Open Access Policy (2014),” the “SHRIMAN Guideline (2022) for sharing research infrastructure,” and the proposed “Biological Data Storage, Sharing and Access Policy (2019)” for easing access to data from publicly funded biological science research, the endeavors of open science have already begun in India. This chapter provides an analysis of the relevance of open science in building a robust, effective, and responsible research ecosystem. It also illustrates existing open science initiatives and policies in India’s STI ecosystem that might provide a base for the country’s implementation of an open science framework. (shrink)

Patenting issues related to emerging technologies has always caused turmoil in the innovation ecosystem since the past few decades. Three-dimensional (3D) bioprinting is one of the emerging technologies that challenge traditional patent systems around the globe due to the complexity of the subject matter related to bioprinting innovations. Traditional patent systems have historically been adapted to new technologies; however, the pace of technological advancement has always been faster. Given the complexity of bioprinting technology and the subject matter limitations in (...) traditional patent systems, it is often challenging for patent applicants and inventors to obtain protection for their innovations, resulting in a detrimental affect on the IP ecosystem. This chapter addressed this issue by examining the patent provisions of India and the United States in light of subject matter related to 3D bio-printed tissues and organs. The initial sections of this chapter analyze the patentable subject matter exclusions as defined in Section 3 of the Patent Act 1970 and clarified by examination guidelines. The analysis of bioprinting innovations from a US perspective is provided in the chapter’s later sections, which analyzed the patentable subject matter provisions as defined by Section 101 of US patent law, examination guidelines, and relevant case law. (shrink)

In this paper, we challenge the vision of creating a giant knowledge graph of reusable research data from multiple projects and platforms, based on Semantic Web technologies and a shared conceptualisation in the form of a commonly used ontology ecosystem, promoted by the Semantic Data for Humanities and Social Sciences project (SDHSS). Three main issues are raised: the difficulty of proposing a cross-disciplinary ontology for humanities and social sciences given the different research agendas and constructivist approaches; the difficulty of (...) interlinking the objects present in the different information systems, due to different notions of identity; the challenge of dealing with uncertainty, inconsistencies and contradictions in information sources, when the aim is to produce ‘factual’ information. First, I propose an epistemological analysis of information, as distinct from data and knowledge, then I develop a conceptualisation of information in humanities and social sciences, based on the OntoClean methodology, and the foundational ontologies DOLCE and Descriptions and Situations, and show how it can ground a cross-disciplinary ontology ecosystem based on the CIDOC CRM and its SDHSS integration. Finally, I apply these principles to a detailed analysis of the information production process and show how the proposed conceptualisation provides possible solutions to the three challenges raised. (shrink)

This research focused on how social network activities enrich value generation dynamics and innovation in the new audiovisual fiction transmedia ecosystem. Through content analysis of five phenomena spurred by interactive digital platforms, which, with the support of fandom, were published and received film adaptations, it was found that social interactions and fan contributions through different formats and platforms enriched and expanded the scope of the original works. Factors like popularity and development of a fan community explain how a product (...) of a non-professional creator on an interactive digital platform can quickly become an editorial and cinematographic project and integrate into the transmedia ecosystem of professional audiovisual fiction. (shrink)

Photo by AbsolutVision on Unsplash INTRODUCTION Social media, news headlines, and podcasts implicitly and explicitly remind us of the digital misinformation maelstrom we navigate every day to understand the truth of current events. Misinformation feeds off the topics that impact our lives and draw our attention – war, health, politics, identity, fear, and empathy. Misinformation has a digital reach faster and wider than true information based on its nature of novelty and emotional instigation.[1] It draws from data leakages, twists the (...) truth, incites emotional responses, and can undermine real efforts to protect and aid vulnerable communities. Many of the places and events targeted by misinformation are sites of humanitarian crises such as Gaza, Yamen, and Ukraine among many others. Humanitarian groups conceived to provide relief to vulnerable communities are susceptible to personal harm and impeded aid because the organizational structure is not equipped for misinformation and data security breaches. While propaganda and misinformation did not emerge in the contemporary, their scope, speed, and impact have exponentially increased as the world’s use of digital media for communication developed. The current state of misinformation and data leakages are threats to humanitarian efforts, especially the vital and nuanced task of humanitarian medical aid that now simultaneously relies on the digital information ecosystem. ANALYSIS Humanitarian efforts center on the four main principles of humanity, neutrality, impartiality, and operational independence. The United Nations Refugee Agency specifies that ‘humanity’ refers to addressing human suffering wherever it is found to ensure health and respect, ‘neutrality’ is to not engage in political, racial, religious, or ideological controversies, ‘impartiality’ is to provide aid based on need alone without bias and priority, and ‘operational independence’ is to conduct aid autonomous from agendas or actors in sectors such as political, economic, or military.[2] Medecins Sans Frontieres explicitly states neutrality, impartiality, independence, bearing witness, and accountability in their code of principles. Their statement on medical ethics is much more vague. It aims to “carry out our work with respect for the rules of medical ethics, in particular the duty to provide care without causing harm to individuals or groups. We respect patients’ autonomy, patient confidentiality, and their right to informed consent.”[3] Confidentiality is mentioned, but in the nondescript sense that could refer to confidentiality outlined in any number of medical ethics contexts. Three most commonly referred to ethical codes in Western medicine are the Declaration of Helsinki, the Belmont Report, and the Code of the American Medical Association (AMA). The Declaration of Helsinki places confidentiality in the context of research and was written pre-digital age in the 1960s.[4] The Belmont Report does not mention confidentiality or patient privacy in its summation of medical ethics from 1978.[5] Lastly, the AMA’s Code of Medical Principles upholds that physicians “shall respect the rights of patients, colleagues, and other health professionals, and shall safeguard patient confidences and privacy within the constraints of the law.”[6] This AMA principle was adopted in 1957 and revised in 2001, still before the onset of widely accessible digital media. These three medical ethics codes are the standard of Western medicine, and yet they are decades obsolete when facing the harm of digital misinformation and data leakages. Humanitarian aid organizations cannot afford to rely on outdated medical ethical codes amid digital misinformation and data leakages. Medical humanitarian relief groups such as Medecins Sans Frontiers, the International Medical Corps, the WHO Global Health and Peace Initiative, and the International Committee of the Red Cross, rely on the medical ethics defined in the aforementioned guides in addition to their humanitarian foundation. These codes, while useful, were written prior to the digital age. And, as our methods of communication, medical delivery, and global action have evolved and digitized, the ethics guiding medical practice should be updated to reflect this dramatic change. Humanitarian medical organizations need the digital ecosystem to store metadata for medical services such as patient history, blood type, metrics on locations in need of aid, missing person searches, and funding. The levels of data vulnerable to misconstruction and hacking exist on the personal and organizational levels. Individual providers and the organizational body should prioritize confidentiality. Thus humanitarian medical ethics should adapt to the reality of the digital age to not endanger the populations receiving aid and to not propagate harm. Misinformation and data leakage can lead to microtargeting, defamation, provider endangerment, and other harms preventing medical service. The European Data Protection Supervisor details how the personal information collected by organizations, such as medical, can be stolen or misconstrued to affect microtargeting, placing individuals in the direct path of echo chambers, digital tracking, and manipulation.[7] The International Broadcasting Trust released a report in 2018 detailing the extent to which misinformation was impacting the humanitarian aid groups it broadcasts to.[8] For example, the report shared that rumors spread by right-wing political groups in 2017 falsely circulated that humanitarian groups in the Mediterranean were collaborating with child trafficking rings.[9] After causing defamation, the right-wing group sent a boat to block and detain the humanitarian group’s search and rescue boat. This was one incident among many where providers and patients were put in harm’s way through misinformation and the misuse of location data. Other disinformation campaigns can be carried out by governments as well; in Syria and Ukraine, the Russian government has been specifically targeting Red ross and White Helmets.[10] Beneficial medical services cannot be delivered if providers and patients are targeted. In January of 2022, the International Association of the Red Cross was hacked. Approximately 515,000 vulnerable persons’ data was leaked and became inaccessible to the IARC providers.[11] If an organization cannot protect access to its digital ecosystem, humanitarian medical aid efforts can be rendered ineffective. Additionally, misinformation and breached data cause the less immediate but more widely impactful harm of distrust. Stakeholders and funding sources can withdraw from supporting medical humanitarian aid organizations. Beneficial medical services cannot be offered if there is no monetary backing. Providers and patients also have their own digital devices and means of communication which can lead to sensitive information being shared online or with non-neutral parties. If a patient cannot trust their provider or the organization a provider acts in the name of, medical services can be refused. Beneficial medical service cannot be conducted if the trust of the patient is compromised by humanitarian groups failing to prioritize patient confidentiality. Confidentiality should be prioritized in humanitarian medical aid to safeguard against the extended harms of data leakage, misinformation, and malintent. Some critiques may postulate that due to the uniqueness of each community aided by medical humanitarian organizations, over-standardization from rigid ethical codes may occur, that standardization can lead to inflexibility with communities and render aid strategies ineffective. However, the reality is that ethical frameworks make sure that individual actors are not monolithic – they allow for collaboration and joint work. The WHO Global Health and Peace Initiative’s recent adoption of conflict sensitivity, along with other organizations’ additions of similar language, ensure that there is a feedback loop incorporated into the ethical code to mitigate unintended harm. Thus, ethical codes are helping providers to respond in unprecedented situations with consciousness to harm propagation. In events of limited time and of crisis, comprehensive ethical codes are especially beneficial because we rely on habits and pre-established information banks. CONCLUSION Humanitarian medical ethics should include a specific guide for confidentiality. Without forethought and the integration of traditional and digital confidentiality as a main tenant, medical humanitarian organizations will continue to act retrospectively. Trust in stakeholder-provider-patient relationships will continue to disintegrate. The current status quo of medical ethics in the humanitarian aid sector poses multiple risks for providers and patients whereas adopting stronger confidentiality language is a tangible step towards the protection of vulnerable communities from the harms of digital misinformation and data leakage. - [1] Vosoughi, Soroush, Deb Roy, and Sinan Aral. “The Spread of True and False News Online.” Science 359, no. 6380 (2018): 1146–51. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.aap9559. [2] “Conflict Sensitivity and the Centrality of Protection.” The Global Portection Cluster, March 2022. https://www.globalprotectioncluster.org/sites/default/files/2023-03/220318_gpc_-_conflict_sens.pdf. [3] “Our Charter and Principles.” MEDECINS SANS FRONTIERES - MIDDLE EAST. Accessed December 24, 2023. https://www.msf-me.org/about-us/principles/our-charter-and-principles#:~:text=We%20give%20priority%2 0to%20those,of%20governments%20or%20warring%20parties.&text=The%20principles%20of%20impartiality%20a nd%20neutrality%20are%20not%20synonymous%20with%20silence. [4] “WMA - The World Medical Association-WMA Declaration of Helsinki – Ethical Principles for Medical Research Involving Human Subjects.” The World Medical Association. Accessed December 24, 2023. https://www.wma.net/policies-post/wma-declaration-of-helsinki-ethical-principles-for-medical-researc h-involving-human-subjects/. [5] Office for Human Research Protections (OHRP). “ The Belmont Report.” United States Department of Health and Human Services, September 27, 2022. https://www.hhs.gov/ohrp/regulations-and-policy/belmont-report/read-the-belmont-report/index.html. [6] American Medical Association. “The Code.” AMA principles of Medical Ethics. Accessed December 24, 2023. https://code-medical-ethics.ama-assn.org/principles. [7] “EDPS Opinion on Online Manipulation and Personal Data.” European Data Protection Supervisor. Accessed December 24, 2023. https://edps.europa.eu/sites/edp/files/publication/18-03-19_online_manipulation_en.pdf. [8] Robin. “Faking It: Fake News and How It Impacts on the Charity Sector.” International Broadcasting Trust, March 13, 2020. https://www.ibt.org.uk/reports/faking-it/. [9] Reed, B. “Charities Colluding with Traffickers? Fake News.” The Guardian, February 15, 2018. https://www.theguardian.com/global-development/2018/feb/15/charities-aid-agencies-fake-news-says-rep ort. [10] Sant, Shannon Van. “Russian Propaganda Is Targeting Aid Workers.” Foreign Policy, August 1, 2022. https://foreignpolicy.com/2022/08/01/russia-disinformation-ukraine-syria-humanitarian-aid-workers/. [11] International Committee of the Red Cross. “Hacking the Data of the World’s Most Vulnerable Is an Outrage.” International Committee of the Red Cross, October 27, 2022. https://www.icrc.org/en/document/hacking-data-outrage. (shrink)

This work, an initiative of the University of French Polynesia, Tahiti, showcases research collaboration between small island universities in the Pacific. It addresses a number of 'big issues' for Oceania which are also big issues for the world, concerning the biosphere and human society, sustainable development and well-being. The authors seek to create an ecosystem of knowledge through a dialogue, in English and French, between the natural sciences, the social sciences and the humanities. The work also brings into perspective (...) academic and traditional knowledge, with a view to enhancing cultural and agricultural practices and the development of public policy. Climate change, environmental degradation and food security are key questions for survival. How can the preservation of cultural heritage, the transmission of native languages and the integration of traditional knowledge into formal education contribute to a harmonious future? How is the phenomenon of violence relevant to an understanding of history, interpersonal relations and social inclusiveness, including for women in the political sphere? The Tongan-Fijian writer Epeli Hau'ofa described Oceania imaginatively as a 'Sea of Islands'. This volume sees Pacific islands as being interconnected in ways beyond imagining, in which nowhere is remote, where the peripheral has become a decentred centre. (shrink)

Explore the profound questions of existence in "The Human Idea", a groundbreaking work by Anne Riley. This compelling narrative delves into humanity's quest for understanding-why we exist and how our unique capacity for inquiry sets us apart from all other life forms. Riley challenges readers to reconsider the foundations of human existence by examining the intricate tapestry of life that predates us. With a blend of scientific insight and philosophical exploration, she reveals how the fundamental principles of survival, honed over (...) billions of years, can guide us in navigating the complexities of modern life. In "The Human Idea", you will discover: - The Ecosystem of Life**: Understand the interconnectedness of all living beings and the evolutionary journey that has shaped our existence. - The Power of Ideas**: Learn how the human ability to generate and act upon ideas has transformed our survival strategies, leading to both remarkable achievements and significant challenges. - The Ideasphere**: Explore the concept of the ideasphere, a new framework for understanding human interactions and societal structures, and how we can harness this knowledge to create a sustainable future. Riley's work is not just a reflection on our past but a call to action for our future. As we stand at a pivotal moment in history, grappling with existential threats like climate change and social inequality, *The Human Idea* offers a roadmap for applying the lessons of nature to build a better world. Join Anne Riley on this enlightening journey to uncover the essence of what it means to be human and how we can thrive in harmony with the life that surrounds us. (shrink)

In this paper, we apply the perspective of intra-organismal ecology by investigating a family of ecological models suitable to describe a gene therapy to a particular metabolic disorder, the adenosine deaminase deficiency (ADA-SCID). The gene therapy is modeled as the prospective ecological invasion of an organ (here, bone marrow) by genetically modified stem cells, which then operate niche construction in the cellular environment by releasing an enzyme they synthesize. We show that depending on the chosen order (a choice that cannot (...) be made on \textit{a priori} assumptions), different kinds of dynamics are expected, possibly leading to different therapeutic strategies. This drives us to discuss several features of the extension of ecology to intra-organismal ecology. (shrink)

This article highlights the limitations of the tendency to frame health- and wellbeing-related digital tools (mHealth technologies) as empowering devices, especially as they play an increasingly important role in the National Health Service (NHS) in the UK. It argues that mHealth technologies should instead be framed as digital companions. This shift from empowerment to companionship is advocated by showing the conceptual, ethical, and methodological issues challenging the narrative of empowerment, and by arguing that such challenges, as well as the risk (...) of medical paternalism, can be overcome by focusing on the potential for mHealth tools to mediate the relationship between recipients of clinical advice and givers of clinical advice, in ways that allow for contextual flexibility in the balance between patiency and agency. The article concludes by stressing that reframing the narrative cannot be the only means for avoiding harm caused to the NHS as a healthcare system by the introduction of mHealth tools. Future discussion will be needed on the overarching role of responsible design. (shrink)

Should we care about the environment because it is economically valuable or because nature has intrinsic value? This book gives a clear overview of some of the main theoretical problems within environmental ethics and offers definitive solutions and alternatives.

The need for greater privacy protections in the United States has never been greater. In their work, “Ethical Responsibilities for Companies That Process Personal Data”, McCoy et al. (2023) correct...

After motivating a framework for evaluating top-down, middle-out, middle-in, and bottom-up ontology development strategies, we apply our framework to investigate whether infectious disease ontologies - specifically, the Virus Infectious Disease Ontology (VIDO) and the Coronavirus Infectious Disease Ontology (CIDO) - effectively promote semantic interoperability.

As neurotechnologies continue to develop and diffuse, this fast-paced field must be guided by robust governance frameworks in order to promote responsible innovation. The article by Bublitz (2024)...

Volume 52, Issue 13, December 2020, Page 1347-1357.

The productive services of nature, such as the ability of fertile soil to grow crops, receive low market prices not because markets fail but because many natural resources, such as good cropland, are abundant relative to effective demand. Even when one pays nothing for a service such as that the wind provides in pollinating crops, this is its 'correct' market price if the supply is adequate and free. The paper argues that ecological services are either too 'lumpy' to price in (...) incremental units, priced competitively, or too cheap to meter. The paper considers counter-examples and objections. (shrink)

ML-HCAs have the potential to significantly change an entire healthcare system. It is not even necessary to presume that this will be disruptive but sufficient to assume that the mere adaptation of...

It has been suggested that to overcome the challenges facing the UK’s National Health Service of an ageing population and reduced available funding, the NHS should be transformed into a more informationally mature and heterogeneous organisation, reliant on data-based and algorithmically-driven interactions between human, artificial, and hybrid agents. This transformation process would offer significant benefit to patients, clinicians, and the overall system, but it would also rely on a fundamental transformation of the healthcare system in a way that poses significant (...) governance challenges. In this chapter, we argue that a fruitful way to overcome these challenges is by adopting a pro-ethical approach to design that analyses the system as a whole, keeps society-in-the-loop throughout the process, and distributes responsibility evenly across all nodes in the system. (shrink)

In the interesting article “Establishing and Defining an Approach to Climate Conscious Clinical Medical Ethics,” Hantel, Marron, and Abel (2025) propose a climate-sensitive ethics for clinical care...

BackgroundInformation and communication technology solutions have the potential to support active and healthy aging and improve monitoring and treatment outcomes. To make such solutions acceptable, all stakeholders must be involved in the requirements elicitation process. Due to the COVID-19 situation, alternative approaches to commonly used face-to-face methods must often be used. One aim of the current article is to share a unique experience from the Pharaon project where due to the COVID-19 outbreak alternative elicitation methods were used. In addition, an (...) overview of common functional, quality, and emotional goals identified by six pilot sites is presented to complement the knowledge about the needs of older adults.MethodsOriginally planned face-to-face co-creation seminars were impossible to carry out, and all pilot sites chose alternative requirements elicitation methods that were most suitable in their situation. The elicited requirements were presented in the form of goal models. In one summary goal model, we provide an overview of common functional, quality, and emotional goals.ResultsDifferent elicitation methods were combined based on the digital literacy of the target group and their access to digital tools. Methods applied without digital technologies were phone interviews, reviews of literature and previous projects, while by means of digital technologies online interviews, online questionnaires, and virtual co-creation seminars were conducted. The combination of the methods allowed to involve all planned stakeholders. Virtual and semi-virtual co-creation seminars created collaborative environment comparable to face-to-face situations, while online participation helped to save the time of the participants. The most prevalent functional goals elicited were “Monitor health,” “Receive advice,” “Receive information.” “Easy to use/comfortable,” “personalized/tailored,” “automatic/smart” were identified as most prevalent quality goals. Most frequently occurring emotional goals were “involved,” “empowered,” and “informed.”ConclusionThere are alternative methods to face-to-face co-creation seminars, which effectively involve older adults and other stakeholders in the requirements elicitation process. Despite the used elicitation method, the requirements can be easily transformed into goal models to present the results in a uniform way. The common requirements across different pilots provided a strong foundation for representing detailed requirements and input for further software development processes. (shrink)

Automated decision-making (ADM) systems can be worn in and on the body for various purposes, such as for tracking and managing chronic conditions. One case in point is do-it-yourself open-source artificial pancreas systems, through which users engage in what is referred to as “looping”; combining continuous glucose monitors and insulin pumps placed on the body with digital communication technologies to develop an ADM system for personal diabetes management. The idea behind these personalized systems is to delegate decision-making regarding insulin to (...) an algorithm that can make autonomous decisions. Based on interviews and photo diaries with Danish “loopers”, this paper highlights two interrelated narratives of how users have to care for the loop by maintaining a stable communication circuit between body and ADM system, and by modifying the loop through analysis and reflection. It shows how the human takes turns with the ADM system through practical doings and anticipation to safeguard continuous management of chronic disease. (shrink)

This paper presents a social robot-based intervention to playfully increase physical activity, cognitive capabilities, and socio-emotional interaction of people with advanced dementia and their caregivers. Furthermore, we present preliminary results that demonstrate the impact and appropriation of using the system in a secured care environment over 10-months with overall 23 participants, including 13 people with advanced dementia, their family members, and professional caregivers. Our early findings indicate that the use of the social robot supported well-being, engagement, and social interaction of (...) people with advanced dementia, even demonstrating the ability to create new memories and experiences. We discuss future challenges for research aiming for socially embedded innovations that address the social actors involved and thus contribute to practical and playful solutions for people with advanced dementia and professional care. (shrink)

The Faculty of Pharmaceutical Medicine of the Royal Colleges of Physicians of the United Kingdom defines Pharmaceutical Medicine as the medical science discipline concerned with the discovery, development, evaluation, registration, supervision and medical aspects of the marketing of medicinal products for the benefit of patients and the health of the community.The International Federation of Associations of Pharmaceutical Physicians and Pharmaceutical Medicine (IFAPP) is dedicated to promoting the ethical practice of pharmaceutical medicine (synonymous with drug development) in a rapidly changing scientific (...) and medical landscape due to emerging innovations and accelerating technologies. IFAPP emphasises scientific integrity, ethics, values and culture and fosters a sense of belonging and purpose among its members.Since its founding in 1975, IFAPP has worked with global stakeholders in medical and research ethics, including the recent revision of the World Medical Association's Declaration of Helsinki.IFAPP's initiative embraces innovation and new technologies, enabling members, health professionals and scientists to keep abreast of developments and enhance their skills through continuous, high-quality education and training in science and ethics.This chapter describes IFAPP's strategy to integrate ethical skills into practice, enabling pharmaceutical medicine professionals to navigate complex ethical dilemmas in research and patient care using the IFAPP Ethics Framework. (shrink)

Yes, we lost the World—and it's not a bad thing. The pandemic not so much deprived us of the world as revealed that the world we assumed existed was a fragile and unevenly distributed construct, inaccessible to some humans, not to mention other animals. The World we lost was a correlation that created Man—a metaphysical entity separate from actual humans, and sometimes even actively hostile to them. This correlation ensured that the World was always already in place, as a condition (...) for Man to exist; its existence was either assumed in advance or constructed too hastily. Its function was to provide Man with an illusion of feelng at home. (shrink)

The pursuit of progress in technology and science involves enhancing approaches, education, and promotion through a comprehensive understanding of the complex and interrelated nature of research, industry, and education, with the ultimate goal of improving the quality of life for humanity. Emerging and converging technologies are not yet explored to their full potential in terms of scientific and innovative applications. Nanotechnology, artificial intelligence, biotechnology, robotics, and educational technology are just a few of the many sectors covered by emerging technologies. It (...) is necessary to create methods for assessing new emerging technologies to decide which ones are suitable for human beings as well as environmentally. Bringing together previously unrelated technologies, frequently in a single device like phone, data, and video to create new efficiencies, is referred to as convergence of technologies. While emerging technologies indicate technical improvements that signify progressive developments within a sector for competitive advantage, they also represent formerly autonomous disciplines that are somehow moving toward stronger interconnectedness and comparable goals. This chapter will give a quick overview of the convergent and developing technologies in all areas that offer possibilities for technological systems connected to integrating institutional, financial, managerial, technological, natural, environmental, cultural, and theological components. It will offer a comprehensive, international forum for the most up-to-date and most reliable information on important science and technology fields as well as the significance, relevance, and commercial viability of various emergent and convergent technologies for upcoming global issues. It will also help readers understand the key characteristics of these innovative approaches that draw on one another’s experiences. However, emerging and converging technologies will build a plan for the evaluation of these new and innovative assessment tools in scientific technologies that will further collaborate with the new technology developers and industries. (shrink)

A commitment to engage with the structural and historical processes that result in discrimination and injustice in the utilisation of natural resources and landscapes is an epistemic responsibility that must be achieved in order to imagine a just society in which environmental justice is a feasible possibility. Indian author Bhoopal’s Forests, Blood & Survival: Life and Times of Komuram Bheem (2023), translated from Telugu by P A Kumar, is one such literary narrative that vividly portrays the injustices endured by tribal (...) communities in India at the hands of colonial forest officers, money lenders, capitalist extractive authorities, and other oppressive authorities. In this context, the article explicates this narrative of tribal communities to demonstrate and encourage alternative viewpoints and positions of tribal cultures that may confront the dominance of colonial-capitalist logic as a monolithic framework in environmental discourse. In doing so, the first section discusses the natural environment of the tribes and their way of life, followed by an intervention on the colonial brutality and injustices that tribals have been subjected to, and finally, how their resistance is deemed to be subaltern environmentalism. (shrink)

Is there a parallel between climate change and our body’s temperature or non-compliance and failure to act on global warming? This paper proposes a model which describes the human body as part of N...

We live in exciting times for AI and Law: technical developments are moving at a breakneck pace, and at the same time, the call for more robust AI governance and regulation grows stronger. How should we as an AI & Law community navigate these dramatic developments and claims? In this Presidential Address, I present my ideas for a way forward: researching, developing and evaluating real AI systems for the legal field with researchers from AI, Law and beyond. I will demonstrate (...) how we at the Netherlands National Police Lab AI are developing responsible AI by combining insights from different disciplines, and how this connects to the future of our field. (shrink)

El desarrollo de la tecnología y de la inteligencia artificial provocan desde hace años preguntas éticas y antropológicas. La Suma Teológica de Santo Tomás permite categorizar términos tecnológicos y establecer ontologías en clave filosófica. Con esta metodología de la Suma se va a estudiar aquí el término “metaverso” y sus implicaciones éticas. El artículo aporta además una revisión sistemática de literatura científica para elaborar un mapa de conocimiento desde un punto de vista cualitativo y cuantitativo que visibilice el impacto de (...) esta terminología emergente en la investigación. (shrink)

The architecture of science, technology, and innovation [STI] system has demonstrated that the design of the main components that have leveraged political, economic, technological, and the social development has transformed past, present, and future to provide an improvement in the quality of life. The multidimensional mapping schemas interface is an initiative for identifying means of production for the knowledge economic society, identifying trends, and acknowledging production factors hitherto. Matters and subjects that naturally emerged from central competencies background in basic science (...) and technology roadmaps are geographically convergence. Upward innovation policies that resulted, it revealed multi-perspectives in STI indicators, evidencing that Covid crisis recovery and local governance responses were evidence of intelligence capacities. The alignment of global governance policy lines subject from India’s and Brazil’s central competencies to leverage the new development path innovation that complies with green and clean sustainability was observed, usually related to balance environment and social and governance [ESG] solutions. (shrink)

Rather than advance novel strategies for achieving the objectives of conservation, Sandler suggests that we change the goals of conservation itself, emphasizing ecological processes through...