Ethical issues in international nursing research are identified and the perspectives of the International Centre for Nursing Ethics are offered in an effort to develop an international consensus of ethical behaviour in research. First, theoretical issues are reviewed, then initial conditions for ethical conduct are defined, and protocol design and procedure considerations are examined. A concerted effort is made to identify and avoid a western bias. Broad guiding principles for designing and reviewing research are offered: (1) respect for persons; (2) (...) beneficence; (3) justice; (4) respect for community; and (5) contextual caring. A collaborative model of the researcher-participant relationship is suggested and discussed. (shrink)

This collection of essays examines the ways in which disputes and controversies about the application of scientific knowledge are resolved. Four concrete examples of public controversy are considered in detail: the efficacy of Laetrile, the classification of homosexuality as a disease, the setting of safety standards in the workplace, and the utility of nuclear energy as a source of power. The essays in this volume show that debates about these cases are not confined to matters of empirical fact. Rather, as (...) is seen with most scientific and technical controversies, they focus on and are structured by complex ethical, economic, and political interests. Drs. Engelhardt and Caplan have brought together a distinguished group of scholars from the sciences and humanities, who sketch a theory of scientific controversy and attempt to provide recommendations about the ways in which both scientists and the public ought to seek more informed resolutions of highly contentious issues in science and technology. Scientific Controversies is offered as a contribution to the better understanding of the roles of both science and nonscientific interests in disputes and controversies pertaining to science and technology. (shrink)

Background Caring practice begins with awareness of the suffering of patients in a given context. Understanding the interrelationship between the perceived ethical climate of the clinical environment and the ethical sensitivity and caring efficacy of nurses is crucial for strengthening the caring competency of nurses. Research aim This study aimed to examine the associations between the ethical climate of the clinical environment and the ethical sensitivity and caring efficacy of nurses and to investigate the mediating effect of ethical sensitivity on (...) the association between ethical climate and caring efficacy. Research design This was a quantitative study with a cross-sectional descriptive correlational design. The participants completed an online survey that measured the ethical climate, ethical sensitivity and caring efficacy using the Hospital Ethical Climate Survey, Moral Sensitivity Questionnaire-Revised and Caring Efficacy Scale, respectively. Participants and research context The study recruited 293 nurses from two general hospitals that provided acute in-patient and extended care in Hong Kong. Ethical considerations Ethical approval was obtained from the ethics committee of the university and the hospitals involved. Written consent was obtained from the participants. Results Ethical climate was associated with caring efficacy ( β = 0.340, p <.001) and ethical sensitivity ( β = 0.197, p <.001). After adjusting for ethical climate, ethical sensitivity was associated with caring efficacy ( β = 0.860, p <.001). Ethical sensitivity showed a significant mediating effect on the association between ethical climate and caring efficacy (indirect effect = 0.169, 95% confidence interval: 0.097 to 0.261), which accounted for 50% of the total effect. Conclusions The study reveals the complex and interwoven relationship between contextual and personal factors that affect nurses’ caring efficacy from an ethical perspective. It provides insights into the significant roles of ethical climate and ethical sensitivity in strengthening caring efficacy. The results suggest theoretical and clinical implications for professionalisation. (shrink)

This article explores the resurgence and application of John Dewey’s concept of “inquiry” within Francophone literature, particularly in the context of education and training. Dewey’s “Theory of Inquiry,” first introduced in 1938, is examined through a comprehensive lexicographical analysis of 291 Frenchlanguage scientific publications. The study identifies six main classes of publications that utilize Dewey’s concept in diverse ways, ranging from philosophical analyses to practical applications in education and professional training. The analysis highlights the varied and evolving uses of the (...) concept, reflecting a dynamic interplay between theoretical foundations and practical implementations. The findings suggest that while Dewey’s theory is increasingly referenced, its applications remain fragmented, necessitating a deeper understanding of its integration into different research contexts. The study provides insights into the scientific dynamics within the Francophone educational research community and proposes further exploration of these trends in the English literature. Résumé en français: Cet article explore la résurgence et l’application du concept de “l’enquête” de John Dewey dans la littérature francophone, en particulier dans le contexte de l’éducation et de la formation. La “Théorie de l’enquête” de Dewey, introduite pour la première fois en 1938, est examinée à travers une analyse lexicographique approfondie de 291 publications scientifiques en langue française. L’étude identifie six principales classes de publications qui utilisent le concept de Dewey de diverses manières, allant des analyses philosophiques aux applications pratiques dans l’éducation et la formation professionnelle. L’analyse met en lumière les utilisations variées et évolutives du concept, reflétant une interaction dynamique entre les fondements théoriques et les mises en oeuvre pratiques. Les résultats suggèrent que, bien que la théorie de Dewey soit de plus en plus référencée, ses applications restent fragmentées, nécessitant une compréhension plus approfondie de son intégration dans différents contextes de recherche. L’étude fournit des éclairages sur les dynamiques scientifiques au sein de la communauté de recherche éducative francophone et propose d’explorer davantage ces tendances dans la littérature anglo-saxonne. (shrink)

L’Autre, avant d’être un corps présent dans le temps, est d’abord un relief dans le paysage d’un monde commun, une forme perspective que le "je" choisit ou non de recevoir. Ce relief, s’il a longtemps été pensé depuis une autorité déterminant la place à laquelle et depuis laquelle l’Autre devait répondre, deviendra, on l’espère, l’espace possible d’une rencontre. Lorsque ce relief se présente au monde, lorsque l’Autre devient simultanément cette chose voyante et visible, son espace d’expression s’ouvre pour devenir un (...) entourage, une enveloppe mobile et pénétrable. (shrink)

Since the Treatises of Westphalia in 1648, the notion of frontier (border) has been considered from an objectivist vision of the ecumene. Such a conception has resulted in the loss of the complexity that is the common basis of human interaction, given that identities are built around an illusion of substantiality that excludes the possibility of ontological continuum. Thus, identities have become inhospitable. By considering human interaction from the perspective of an a priori and non-monadic intersubjectivity, Merleau-Ponty’s ontology opens up (...) the possibility of a more hospitable conception of border, where ego and alter ego become doubles, extending each other, the other-there, on the other side being the flesh of my flesh. Hospitality becomes thus an experience of the original character of the human community. (shrink)

Pour résister à la destruction de la vérité qui menace la pensée contemporaine, on se propose de revenir à la thèse de Husserl : à la position d’un point de vérité qui s’identifie à l’évidence absolue de l’ego cogito, telle qu’il se donne dans sa chair. Mais cette évidence apodictique n’est pas forcément adéquate : il faut alors se demander ce que doit être la vérité de l’ego pour s’entrelacer à de la non-vérité et ce que doit être la (...) chair pour que l’auto-donation incarnée de l’ego se dissimule à elle-même. Une reconstruction transcendantale de la théorie merleau-pontyenne du chiasme tactile permettra de répondre à ces interrogations.In order to resist the destruction of Truth in contemporary Thinking, we need to come back to Husserl. According to him, there is a point of Truth which is identical to the absolute self-evidence of the Ego Cogito, giving itself in its own Flesh. However, this apodictic self-evidence is not necessarily adequate. What could be the Truth of the Ego, if it intertwines itself with Non-Truth ? And what could be the Flesh, if the carnal self-giving of the Ego could conceal itself to itself ? A transcendental reconstruction of the Merleau-Pontyan theory of the tactile chiasm will help us to answer those questions. (shrink)

This paper investigates whether audit committee (AC) chairs' collectivism has an impact on corporate financial frauds. Based on the rice theory of culture, we identify the AC chairs born in rice-planting regions as those from collectivist cultures. Using a sample of Chinese listed firms from 2013 to 2019, we find that firms with collectivist AC chairs are less likely to commit financial frauds. This result suggests that collectivism motivates AC chairs to focus on organizational interests and curb managerial misconduct in (...) financial reporting at the expense of shareholders' wealth. This effect is strengthened by AC chairs' tenure, accounting expertise, and reputation. Further analysis suggests that collectivistic AC chairs enhance internal control quality, hire a more competent auditor, and exhibit greater risk aversion. Moreover, the relationship is more salient when the AC chairs share the same culture with the CEO or when other AC members also have collectivistic tendencies. (shrink)

L’être humain est une manière singulière d’être corps, en rapport au monde, en relation avec autrui. Ce style qui constitue sa chair s’exprime dans certaines attitudes typiques marquées par une conjonction, parfois extrême, de passivité et d’activité – dès l’amplitude comme la profondeur de sa perception du monde, dans l’accueil et l’écoute qu’il peut accorder à autrui, dans une posture foncièrement interrogative intriquée avec des dimensions de consentement et de foi. Ces attitudes montrent...

En 1983, Cedric J. Robinson introduit sous le titre d’une « tradition radicale noire », l’idée d’une généalogie spécifiquement africaine de la lutte contre l’esclavagisme, le capitalisme et l’impérialisme, distincte du marxisme européen. La pensée « afropessimiste»s’inspire d’Hortense Spillers pour mesurer les conséquences de la soustraction des Noirs aux ordres de l’humanité et de la subjectivité politique, en une violence qui convertit les vies africaines en chair. Le poète et théoricien africain américain Fred Moten revisite aujourd’hui ces pensées en (...) inventant un « optimisme noir », qui entend faire valoir l’ambivalence et l’ambiguïté de la noirceur, soulignant ses potentialités particulières et désignant dans « la chair » une possibilité de formuler de nouvelles formes de vie. (shrink)

IntroductionRegular exercise has long been shown to positively impact the immune system responsiveness and improve mental well-being. However, the putative links between biomarkers of mental health and immune efficiency in exercising subjects have been scarcely investigated. The aim of this study was to verify the effect of a 14-week combined chair-based exercise program on salivary steroid hormones and anti-microbial proteins, functional fitness, and MWB indexes in pre-frail older women.MethodsThe participant women were randomly divided into the exercising group and the (...) non-exercising control group. The pre/post assessment included: salivary anti-microbial proteins lysozyme; and immunoglobulin-A ; salivary steroid hormones of testosterone and cortisol ; functional fitness ; MWB questionnaires.ResultsSignificant differences with large Cohen’s effect sizes were found on increased salivary TT after exercise intervention. The results revealed a decrease in IgA levels after CEP. The increase in subjective happiness levels and decrease of stress perception and depressive state were found after intervention in the CEP group. Robust statistical differences in gait speed and balance tests were also found in the CEP group. In control, COR increased moderately while no changes were found for the other indicators. Correlation analyses showed inter-dependence between pre–post variations of MWB, biochemical indexes, and fitness function.ConclusionThe CEP program was able to improve functional-fitness performance, decrease feelings of stress, and increase happiness. The CEP also induced clinically relevant hormonal and immune responses, which suggests that chair exercises that combine muscular strength, balance, and gait speed training are promising interventions to improve physical and mental health of older pre-frail adults. (shrink)

La phénoménologie de la vie développée par Michel Henry a revêtu ultimement l’aspect d’une phénoménologie de la chair et celui d’une phénoménologie de l’incarnation, toutes deux entées sur les intuitions décisives du christianisme. En premier lieu, l’article montre que si la phénoménologie de la chair s’édifie sans référence explicite à la différence sexuelle, comme si être une chair dispensait quelqu’un d’être un homme ou une femme, il en va tout autrement pour la phénoménologie de l’incarnation dans laquelle (...) la découverte de la différence sexuelle et celle de son rapport à l’angoisse occupent une place centrale. En deuxième lieu, l’article montre qu’être un homme ou une femme signifie autre chose qu’être une chair car leur irruption dans la phénoménologie de la vie a pour effet d’en brouiller les termes. (shrink)

Résumé Le silence de Lorna de Jean-Pierre et Luc Dardenne met en scène la grossesse fictive que Lorna s’invente suite à la disparition de Claudy. La perte de l’être aimé engendre une mélancolie qui s’appréhende dans une dépersonnalisation de la chair féminine. Est analysée la manière qu’ont les cinéastes de rendre présente la relation à l’absent, et de parler de leur création, soit d’une chair masculine qui crée, par l’intermédiaire de l’enfantement de Lorna, qui devient leur ego alter.

This paper addresses the problem of relativistic change. This problem originates from the fact that while we ordinarily conceive of objects as having relatively invariant shapes, relativity seems to imply that their shape may vary dramatically across different reference frames. While the problem was originally presented by Sattig (2015) as affecting perdurantism, we propose that it equally affects endurantism and argue that exdurantism is naturally immune from it.

A paper for Michael Rush, or whoever the jury is. This paper begins with some history of paradoxes from Rousseau to H.M. Tomlinson. It then contrasts my advice for detecting paradoxes with the advice given by an extremely popular search engine of our day, namely Google. My advice focuses on paradoxes of society, it reduces the reliance on observational talent (e.g. simply being struck by two seemingly contradictory qualities), and it encourages the discovery of paradoxes less likely to come to (...) light. (shrink)

Cet article porte sur Métaphysique, Z, 11. On examine en particulier la lecture par Frede et Patzig de la première partie de ce chapitre. Selon ces derniers, Aristote affirme : (1) que les définitions des substances naturelles sont exprimées à partir de leur forme et que toute référence à la matière doit être exclue de la définition ; (2) que les formes naturelles sont néanmoins liées de manière nécessaire et interne à un certain type de matière, car elles ne peuvent (...) exister sans certaines parties matérielles. En réalité, une lecture attentive du chapitre ne permet de soutenir ni (1) ni (2). Un être humain ne diffère pas d’un cercle de bronze en raison de son instantiation nécessaire dans un certain type de matière. La différence consiste plutôt dans l’existence de parties fonctionnelles. Les parties fonctionnelles peuvent être mentionnées, en tant qu’elles sont fonctionnelles, dans la définition formelle des substances naturelles. (shrink)

Sadik Al-Azm has proposed that the arguments of the Antinomies were inspired by the Leibniz-Clarke correspondence. Omri Boehm has argued that the Antinomy is largely an attack on Spinoza. The arguments of the dynamical antinomies are indeed indebted to Clarke, this chapter argues; not, however, to the correspondence with Leibniz, but to his _Demonstration of the Being and Attributes of God_. The “theses” in Kant’s dynamical antinomies are inspired by Clarke’s own position, while the “antitheses” are modeled on those he (...) attributes to his opponents. In the Antinomy, Kant echoes Rousseau’s transformation of Clarke’s _Demonstration_ into a Pyrrhonian antithetic, as he had done in the _Dreams_, though he is also inspired by Hume’s hint at such an antithetic at EHU 12.29 note (d), which likewise opposes Clarke to Spinoza and the Epicureans. (shrink)

In 20th century thinking, few concepts have provoked as many misunderstandings as Merleau-Ponty’s notion of ‘Flesh’. Such misunderstandings (of which the article sketches the outline of an archaeology) rest on the initial assumption that the Flesh has to be derived from the body. The article suggests that the dominant readings of the Flesh can be organized along what could respectively be called the scenario of propriety and the scenario of expansion, beyond which a third way comes into view which does (...) not think Flesh as plenitude, but as an interstitial fabric. In this sense, the genesis of the last ontology of the Flesh is neither to be found in Husserl or in a simple anti-Sartrianism, but in a fecund and still underestimated reading of Saussure’s notion of the diacritics. The ontological turn of the last writings can thus only be understood on the grounds of the expressive turn from the intermediate period. (shrink)

En décrivant le phénomène de la perception, la phénoménologie entreprend de remonter du monde où nous nous trouvons vers la source de l'apparaître, vers la conscience intentionnelle qui anime une matière sensible pure. Mais comment alors est-il possible de rendre compte de la donation de cette matière première? Une première voie consiste à se satisfaire d'une conception transcendantale de la chair qui permet un sentir pur. Une deuxième voie propose de remonter en-deçà, en direction d'un événement grâce auquel il (...) y aurait du sensible. La chair a alors pour fonction d'assurer le passage entre cette première donne du sensible et le monde tel que nous le constituons. Cette deuxième voie semble aujourd'hui privilégiée. Mais elle pose la question de savoir comment articuler les deux sens de la chair, événementiel et expressif, afin d'en éviter la déchirure. L'exploration du corps érotique permet-elle de réconcilier la chair avec elle-même pour ainsi nous livrer le secret de notre condition sensible? Telle est l'interrogation qui guide cet ouvrage, qui s'appuie sur les ressources offertes par la phénoménologie jusque dans ses développements les plus contemporains pour en éclairer les enjeux."--Page 4 of cover. (shrink)

Lee Fleisher writes about a few things he has learned during the course of his career. When looking at jobs, focus on what is best for your family. Work can be time-consuming and intense. However, when at home, it is critical to be present for your family. Sometimes you need help to get to the next level – executive coaching, MBA school, etc. If you do not control the narrative, then someone else will.

In my jargon, the musical chairs model is a rational actor model of the history of ideas. A question arises within a field, there are a certain number of answers, not too many, 4 let us say. Each contributor addressing the question desires the reward from a novel contribution. The first contributor offers a first answer to get this, the second contributor offers a second answer, the third contributor offers a third answer, and the fourth contributor offers a fourth answer. (...) Soon enough all the novel contributions have been made. I take people who ask a researcher, "Hasn't everything already been said on your topic?" to be relying on the model. The model can be applied across a variety of disciplines, but there are problems with applying it in some disciplines, such as medicine and psychoanalysis, to conclude that there is nothing new to say. Some contributions require illegal research, which has not been done or is not publicly available. With this in mind, I shall offer my own perspective on the dispute between philosopher Amia Srinivasan and Jane Gallop (which is perhaps connected to the fact that Srinivasan's PhD supervisor has a family member in Susan Isaacs and the enduring and bitter disputes between post-Freudian schools). Psychoanalytically-minded English literature professor Jane Gallop was brought to trial in 1992 for harassment of two graduate students but (merely) found guilty of violating her university's prohibition on consensual amorous relations between faculty and students. (You would expect Gallop to hire a lawyer AND the lawyer to provide a risk-averse defence, but Srinivasan quotes Gallop as defending herself on these lines: "You might as well prohibit teaching altogether, if you prohibit amorous relations, short of sex - kissing in a bar, etc.") In her formal defence, Gallop appeals to the transference relationship as essential or normal to successful teaching. Srinivasan accepts that according to Freud the patient-therapist relationship usually involves transference-love, a kind of love the patient feels for the analyst. She also accepts that transference-love is normal in teaching relationships; but she objects to Gallop’s defence with Freud's prohibition on patient-analyst romantic or sexual relationships. My response is perhaps not suitable for sharing. There is a small set of post-Freudian options to the transference paradox (given classical logic? see a later contribution of mine today) and one of them is to violate the prohibition; AND Gallop probably has incentives to take it: (a) because it is in the scientific and practical interests of American psychoanalysis that someone does; (ii) because psychoanalysts will treat her, as a literature professor, seriously now, because she knows about this option; (3) because she needs some advantage over the emerging readable European exponents of Lacan - Gallop was who (or whom) "we" used to read before we knew about them. (shrink)

The UNESCO Chair in Bioethics has been established at the University of Presov (Slovakia) in 2010.

Le trinôme caro mundus diabolus identifiait dés le Moyen Âge les trois obstacles majeurs au salut de l’homme. Sa fréquence n’est pas moindre au 16e siécle, et il constitue une passerelle entre les ouvrages de More sur trois entiéres décennies. Son occurrence dans au moins six ouvrages de More en atteste la familiarité, que démontrent également les écrits de maints auteurs spirituels avant comme aprés lui.