Continuing work of Baldwin and Shi 1), we study non-ω-saturated generic structures of the ab initio Hrushovski construction with amalgamation over closed sets. We show that they are CM-trivial with weak elimination of imaginaries. Our main tool is a new characterization of non-forking in these theories.

We define a generalized version of CM-triviality, and show that in the presence of enough regular types, or solubility, a stable CM-trivial group is nilpotent-by-finite. A torsion-free small CM-trivial stable group is abelian and connected. The first result makes use of a generalized version of the analysis of bad groups.

We show that any relational generic structure whose theory has finite closure and amalgamation over closed sets is stable CM-trivial with weak elimination of imaginaries.

We show that every reduct of a stable. CM-trivial theory of finite U-rank is CM-trivial.

This paper establishes the Isometric Extension of the Mathematical Unified Theory of Cognitional Mechanics (CM-MUT), deriving the exact quantitative correspondence between the geometric modal functor and the algebraic modal functor over the historical category Hist. The central result is that for all admissible operational histories H, the κ-scale L¹ norm and the Frobenius norm are related by the Casimir invariant K=√3 of M₃(ℂ): ‖M_A(H)‖_κ = K·‖M_G(H)‖_F. -/- This isometric relationship is derived from two implementation axioms, A3' (Modal Norm Selection) and (...) A5 (Modal Distance Preservation), which formalize assumptions implicit throughout the CM corpus. The proof proceeds via the automorphism structure Aut(M₃(ℂ))≅PGL(3,ℂ), Axiom 4 (Redundancy Exclusion), and a formal lemma establishing that minimal descriptive complexity in the Cartan subalgebra uniquely forces uniform eigenvalue distribution Var(κ)=0 for all admissible histories. -/- Four corollaries follow from a single algebraic source: the inverse fine structure constant α⁻¹=137.03599…, the Iron Stability Attractor κ(Fe)=6/13, the chemical projection constant Π_chem=145/468, and the ABC quality bound q(a,b,c)<13/7. -/- Prior CM results on the Riemann Hypothesis, P≠NP, and the Halting Problem are unified under this framework. The Navier-Stokes regularity problem, the Hodge Conjecture, the Yang-Mills mass gap, the Poincaré Conjecture, and the Birch-Swinnerton-Dyer Conjecture are shown to be Tier-3 projections of Tier-1 structural necessities. -/- The apparent difficulty of the Millennium Problems is an artifact of their Tier-3 formulation, not of mathematical reality. All derivations proceed with zero free parameters from the axiomatic structure of M₃(ℂ). -/- Published on April 4, 2026 DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.19411822 . (shrink)

CM-triviality of a stable theory is a notion introduced by Hrushovski [1]. The importance of this property is first that it holds of Hrushovski's new non 1-based strongly minimal sets, and second that it is still quite a restrictive property, and forbids the existence of definable fields or simple groups (see [2]). In [5], Frank Wagner posed some questions aboutCM-triviality, asking in particular whether a structure of finite rank, which is “coordinatized” byCM-trivial types of rank 1, is itselfCM-trivial. (Actually Wagner (...) worked in a slightly more general context, adapting the definitions to a certain “local” framework, in which algebraic closure is replaced byP-closure, forPsome family of types. We will, however, remain in the standard context, and will just remark here that it is routine to translate our results into Wagner's framework, as well as to generalise to the superstable theory/regular type context.) In any case we answer Wagner's question positively. Also in an attempt to put forward some concrete conjectures about the possible geometries of strongly minimal sets (or stable theories) we tentatively suggest a hierarchy of geometric properties of forking, the first two levels of which correspond to 1-basedness andCM-triviality respectively. We do not know whether this is a strict hierarchy (or even whether these are the “right” notions), but we conjecture that it is, and moreover that a counterexample to Cherlin's conjecture can be found at level three in the hierarchy. (shrink)

For every structure M of finite signature Mekler 781) has constructed a group G such that for every κ the maximal number of n -types over an elementary equivalent model of cardinality κ is the same for M and G. These groups are nilpotent of class 2 and of exponent p, where p is a fixed prime greater than 2. We consider stable structures M only and show that M is CM -trivial if and only if G is CM -trivial. (...) Furthermore, we obtain that the free group F 2 in the variety of 2 -nilpotent groups of exponent p>2 with ω free generators has a CM -trivial ω -stable theory. (shrink)

Berikut ini diperkenalkan tiga buku yang ditulis oleh para dosen Sekolah Tinggi Filsafat dan Teologi Widya Sasana di Malang tentang bagaimana Gereja Katolik perlu menempatkan diri dalam ruang publik Indonesia. Fokus buku pertama, tulisan Prof. Dr. Armada Riyanto (2014), adalah ajaran sosial Gereja Katolik, jadi ajaran mengenai bagaimana Gereja Katolik memahami panggilannya dalam masyarakat yang sekaligus menjadi ruang publiknya. Sepintas alur buku ini dapat mem- bingungkan karena penulis suka melancong ke pelbagai bidang sam- pingan, apalagi ia tidak menjelaskan susunan bukunya. (...) Namun kekaya- an buku ini justru terletak dalam luasnya acuan, penjelasan pelbagai latar belakang, serta perhatian pada konteks-konteks ajaran sosial Gereja yang diangkat penulis. Dengan demikian pembaca dibantu dalam mencari bagaimana umat Katolik Indonesia dapat memberikan sum- bangannya bagi bangsanya dalam segala pergulatannya. Bagian kedua, mulai dari bab ke-10, memasuki situasi umat Katolik Indonesia sebagai minoritas yang sepertinya masih “kurang memiliki” (187). Bertolak dari catatan bahwa waktu Congregatio Missionis (Romo-romo CM) mengam-bil alih wilayah Jawa Timur dari romo-romo Yesuit hanya ada 40 umat Katolik Jawa tercatat (hal. 203), bab 11 menjelaskan kesulitan yang dialami Gereja Katolik sejak dari permulaan abad ke-19 dalam bergiat di Hindia Belanda. Namun kemudian dijelaskan bagaimana orang Katolik Jawa, di antara- nya Pak Kasimo, sebelum Kemerdekaan sudah berjuang sebagai nasionalis Indonesia tulen. Bagian ketiga, dimulai dari bab 12, membahas sifat dialogal ajaran sosial Gereja dalam pelbagai dimensi. Bahwa iman dan teologi Gereja secara hakiki bersifat dialogal merupakan kesadaran teologis (dan sosiologis) baru. Daripada hanya berpegang teguh pada suatu ajaran yang sudah membatu menjadi tradisi, lalu dibawa begitu saja ke dalam dunia, Gereja menyadari bahwa iman maupun teologinya selalu bergerak dalam medan masyarakat di mana Gereja berhadapan dengan segala macam pemikiran dan tanta-ngan. Dengan sifat dialogal dimaksud bahwa iman dan teologi Gereja mau tak mau terwujud dalam menghadapi tantangan-tantangan itu. Kekuatan buku Prof. Armada ini adalah bahwa ia menempatkan ajaran sosial Gereja yang pokok-pokoknya sudah sering diuraikan ke dalam pelbagai konteks, dengan implikasi-implikasi dan acuan pada pelbagai pengalaman Gereja. Pembaca menemukan banyak petunjuk bagaimana ajaran sosial Gereja Katolik dapat menjadi inspirasi bagi umat Katolik Indonesia. Ada juga beberapa kelemahan. Tidak ada daftar nama. Dan barangkali cakupan uraiannya terlalu luas. Misalnya uraian panjang lebar tentang paham Platon dan Aristoteles tentang keadilan sebenarnya kurang relevan, begitu pula uraian tentang perkembangan pemikiran filosofis tentang demokrasi. Padahal pertanyaan sangat relevan, yang muncul di banyak negara, bagaimana sebuah minoritas berpartisipasi dalam sistem demokrasi tidak didiskusilan. Mengapa fungsi suatu Partai Katolik di Indonesia tidak diangkat, padahal seku- rang-kurangnya sudah tiga kali menjadi debat besar dan panas dalam umat Katolik Indonesia: 1960 di zaman demokrasi terpimpin, 1971 sesudah pemilihan umum pertama di bawah presiden Suharto, dan 1999 di masa reformasi. Betul, persepsi “kemiskinan struktural” dibuka dengan Rerum Novarum (h. 24), tetapi istilah itu sendiri tidak ditemukan di dalamnya, melainkan berasal dari teologi pembebasan. Karena penulis menganggap “pluralisme” tak punya arti di luar “pluralitas,” penulis tidak masuk ke dalam kontroversi tajam tentang pluralisme di Indone- sia. Fatwa MUI tentang pluralisme tidak didiskusi-kan. Uraian panjang tentang pendidikan Katolik yang sangat optimis tinggal normatif. Padahal dalam kenyataan Gereja Katolik, juga di Indonesia, biasanya justru mempertahankan pegangan eksklusif atas pendidikan. Dalam kaitan ini seharusnya penolakan UU Sisdiknas — dengan keharusan memberikan pelajaran agama kepada para siswa sesuai dengan agama mereka — oleh sebagian besar penanggap Katolik didiskusikan. Namun kekurangan-kekurangan ini tidak menghilangkan bahwa buku ini amat memperkaya pustaka Katolik berbahasa Indonesia tentang panggilan Gereja, juga panggilan Gereja Indonesia, dalam masyarakat (Franz Magnis-Suseno, Guru Besar Ilmu Filsafat Emeritus, Sekolah Tinggi Filsafat Driyarkara, Jakarta). (shrink)

In a simple CM-trivial theory every hyperimaginary is interbounded with a sequence of finitary hyperimaginaries. Moreover, such a theory eliminates hyperimaginaries whenever it eliminates finitary hyperimaginaries. In a supersimple CM-trivial theory, the independence relation is stable.

Critical Management Studies (CMS) has become stagnant due to its strong dependence on post-structuralist discourse analysis. This paper aims to revitalize CMS by integrating Critical Realism (CR) as an ontological and epistemological foundation in order to restore its emancipatory mission and enhance its relevance in addressing contemporary organizational and social challenges. This study adopts a qualitative meta-theoretical approach based on an extensive literature review, theoretical comparison, and critical discourse analysis. Using retroduction, it connects surface-level organizational phenomena to deeper structural mechanisms, (...) and develops the CMS–CR Transformational Framework consisting of structural diagnosis, ontological intervention, and transformative praxis. The review shows that CR improves CMS’s ability to uncover structural mechanisms of capitalism, including labor precarity, financialization, and digital platform exploitation. The proposed framework enables both stronger theoretical explanations and practical strategies, ranging from wage justice and participatory governance to transnational regulatory reforms, thereby reestablishing CMS as a socially transformative approach. This study contributes by moving beyond both post-structuralist CMS and first-generation CMS–CR to propose a praxis-oriented framework. Unlike earlier works that remained primarily diagnostic, it operationalizes CR into a coherent model for structural intervention, making CMS more politically engaged, justice-oriented, and globally applicable. (shrink)

Subacromial impingement syndrome is a common condition in clinical practice, characterized by shoulder pain and functional limitations. This study aims to compare the effectiveness of virtual reality-based therapy (VR) and traditional therapy in improving functional outcomes, while also analyzing correlations between key assessment tools: the Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder, and Hand Score (DASH), the Simple Shoulder Test (SST), and the Constant-Murley Score (CMS). Patients were divided into two groups (VR therapy vs. traditional therapy), and their progress was assessed using (...) these tools. The results revealed significant improvements in functional scores for both groups, with the VR group demonstrating slightly superior outcomes. VR has not only revolutionized individual patient care but also provided scalable solutions in physiotherapy clinics, aligning with modern healthcare management principles. A correlation analysis indicated strong positive relationships between DASH, SST, and CMS scores, highlighting their consistency in evaluating shoulder function. Additionally, significant negative correlations were observed between functional scores and pain ratings, emphasizing the critical role of pain management in treatment success. These findings suggest that VR therapy is an effective complement to traditional methods, providing enhanced engagement and measurable improvements in shoulder function. The study underscores the importance of integrating innovative approaches like VR into rehabilitation strategies, paving the way for personalized and multidimensional care in subacromial impingement syndrome. This study highlights how VR-based interventions align with international trends in digital health innovation, particularly in East European rehabilitation centers that have successfully integrated VR-based therapies. (shrink)

Animal and plant species exhibit an astonishing diversity of sexual systems, including environmental and genetic determinants of sex, with the latter including genetic material in the mitochondrial genome. In several hermaphroditic plants for example, sex is determined by an interaction between mitochondrial cytoplasmic male sterility (CMS) genes and nuclear restorer genes. Specifically, CMS involves aberrant mitochondrial genes that prevent pollen development and specific nuclear genes that restore it, leading to a mixture of female (male‐sterile) and hermaphroditic individuals in the population (...) (gynodioecy). Such a mitochondrial‐nuclear sex determination system is thought to be rare outside plants. Here, we present one possible case of CMS in animals. We hypothesize that the only exception to the strict maternal mtDNA inheritance in animals, the doubly uniparental inheritance (DUI) system in bivalves, might have originated as a mitochondrial‐nuclear sex‐determination system. We document and explore similarities that exist between DUI and CMS, and we propose various ways to test our hypothesis. (shrink)

El presente ensayo examina los cms en términos de su potencial transformador respecto al mundo del trabajo. A tal efecto, se brinda una caracterización de este enfoque y un repaso de su desarrollo histórico. Se argumenta que los cms no se agotan en su versión británica, disciplinariamente limitada a escuelas de negocios, y que su objeto ha sido también abordado por académicos de diversos países con afiliaciones institucionales en ciencias sociales distintas a la administración. Finalmente, se concluye que la pluralidad (...) disciplinaria de los cms y el tipo de preocupación intelectual que los motiva permite identificar un rol transformador más afín a disciplinas como la sociología que al campo de la administración. Más que agentes de cambio organizacional, los académicos que trabajan dentro del ámbito de los cms, podrían convertirse en intelectuales públicos comprometidos con la denuncia de las ideologías gerenciales y económicas dominantes.This essay examines Critical Management Studies (cms) in terms of their transformative potential regarding the world of work. To this end, I briefly characterize cms and review their historical development in the uk. I argue that the main theoretical concerns of cms are not the exclusive purview of its British version, but that they have also been addressed by scholars from other countries and institutional affiliations in social sciences other than management. Finally, I conclude that the disciplinary plurality of cms and the intellectual concerns that drive them are clearly aligned with a transformative role more akin to fields like sociology than to management and organization studies. More than organizational change agents, cms scholars could become public intellectuals committed to unmasking the dominant economic and managerial ideologies. (shrink)

In this paper, we report on some machine experiments which suggest that waveforms of CM-type are asymptotically Gaussian-distributed.

Indlæg ved CM's (Centrum för Marxistiska Samhällsstudier) seminar i filosofi i Lund, april 1978.

Tefsir literatüründe icmâ konusuna atıfta bulunan birçok tefsir kaynağına rastlamak mümkündür. Özellikle klasik dönem tefsirlerinde icmâın ciddi bir karşılığı mevcuttur. Bu açıdan bakıldığında tefsir ilminde icmâın hangi gerçekliğe karşılık geldiği, Müslüman âlimlerin tamamının bir âyetin anlamı üzerinde ittifak etmelerinin pratik anlamda mümkün olup olmadığı gibi soruların cevaplandırılması, bu meselenin tefsir literatüründeki yerinin anlaşılması açısından son derece önemlidir. Klasik dönemde bu önemli isimlerden biri, Taberî’dir (öl. 310/923). Onun Câmiʿu’l-beyân adlı tefsiri incelendiğinde icmâı tefsir ilminin beslendiği temel kaynaklarından biri olarak konumlandırdığı görülmektedir. (...) Taberî, birçok âyetin tefsirinde icmâ deliline atıfta bulunmakta ve bu delilden hareketle selefin görüşlerini değerlendirmeye tabi tutmaktadır. Bu yönüyle o, icmâ delilini, tefsirinin temel kaynaklarından biri olarak görmektedir. Taberî icmâ delilini çok yönlü kullanmaktadır. Tespit edildiği kadarıyla o, kimi zaman doğrudan icmâ ifadesine atıfta bulunarak ilgili âyette ittifak olduğunu belirtmektedir. Böylelikle âyetin tefsirini spesifik bir anlamla sınırlandırmaktadır. Bazen de anlam açısından birbirini tamamlayıcı görüşleri, ihtilaf penceresinden değerlendirmeyerek âyetin tüm anlamlarının doğruluğunu ortaya çıkaran icmâa işaret etmektedir. Bu bakış açısıyla o, âyetin işaret ettiği tüm mânaların doğruluğunu vurgulamaktadır. Bununla beraber Taberî, icmâ kelimesini mutlak anlamdaki ittifak mânasında kullanmadığı birçok âyet yorumunun mevcut olduğu da dikkat çekmektedir. Nitekim o, bir-iki kişinin, âyetlerin yorumunda cumhura muhalefet etmesine itibar etmemekte ve sayıca az kişilerin, genel kanaatin aksine olacak tercihlerini icmâa halel görmemektedir. Dolayısıyla Taberî’nin tefsirinde icmâın hücceti ve bağlayıcılığı açıktır. Bu çalışma tümevarım yöntemiyle Taberî’nin perspektifinden hareketle icmâ delilinin tefsir literatüründeki yerini ortaya koymayı hedeflemektedir. Bu yapılırken de alanın önemli isimlerinden Taberî’nin tefsiri merkeze alınacak ve yer yer mukayeseli okumalar yapılacaktır. (shrink)