Abstract

In this article, the authors examine the freedom of a person as a subject of law, comparing it with the freedom of an individual, which is regulated by moral imperatives. They analyze the various components of the personality structure – volitional, rational and valuable. The relationship between the concepts of “freedom” and “right” is highlighted, the connection between legal responsibility and freedom is traced. The role of individual legal awareness in ensuring human freedom is determined. The relevance of the article is determined by the need to justify ways of ensuring freedom in the state, creating mechanisms for overcoming contradictions between freedom and necessity, freedom and equality. For this, it is necessary to examine freedom from the point of view of law. The purpose of the study is to clarify the status of freedom as a legal category, to specify its essence, place and meaning in legal science, to characterize the current trends in the development of this phenomenon. The methodological basis of the article consists of dialectical, phenomenological and synergistic approaches, as well as the following methods: formal-dogmatic, comparison, formal-logical, formal-legal, systemic and structuralfunctional. The authors of the article reached the following conclusions: individual freedom differs from human freedom, which is impossible without law, without a legislative form of its implementation. From the point of view of law, freedom is the possibility of certain human behavior legally enshrined in normative acts. The law is an effective tool that helps the individual (community, society in general) achieve a state of true freedom. Human freedom can only be realized through legal equality. Unlimited freedom turns into arbitrariness and leads to totalitarianism. Freedom presupposes the responsibility of a person for his actions. There is a close connection between freedom, law, equality, justice, legal consciousness and legal responsibility. The scientific novelty of the article is determined by the conclusions, which consist in the development of a holistic view of the place and role of human freedom in the system of legal categories and the role of law in ensuring it.