Abstract

The article provides a comprehensive philosophical and legal analysis of the institution of freedom of conscience in Ukraine as a fundamental natural and inalienable human right. Its ontological, anthropological, and axiological foundations are revealed, and the distinction between the internal and external dimensions of freedom of conscience is substantiated. The evolution of state-church relations from an antagonistic to a cooperative model is examined, the shortcomings of the current legislation are identified, and the necessity of its alignment with international standards is emphasized. The significance of freedom of conscience for ensuring human dignity, worldview pluralism, and the democratic development of Ukraine is substantiated.