Token Identity

This is a chapter of the planned monograph "Out of Nowhere: The Emergence of Spacetime in Quantum Theories of Gravity", co-authored by Nick Huggett and Christian Wüthrich and under contract with Oxford University Press. (More information at www<dot>beyondspacetime<dot>net.) This chapter introduces the problem of emergence of spacetime in quantum gravity. It introduces the main philosophical challenge to spacetime emergence and sketches our preferred solution to it.

La Filosofía del significado (Geoffroy de Clisson) es una tentativa en 2 volúmenes y 4 libros (conocimiento, estética, ética, identidad) de salir de los callejones sin salida lógicos del monismo materialista, que sirvió de fundamento epistemológico a las ciencias modernas. La filosofía del significado propone una relectura de estos fundamentos del conocimiento antes de explorar sus consecuencias estéticas y axiológicas. -/- El sitio Philosophy of Meaning (enlace en el artículo) ofrece una herramienta de inteligencia artificial dedicada exclusivamente a la obra. (...) -/- Esta herramienta permite interrogar directamente la obra a partir de su contenido, con el fin de explorar sus conceptos, argumentos y principales cuestiones filosóficas. Fue concebida como un modo de consulta complementario, utilizable antes o en paralelo a la lectura del texto, disponible para descarga gratuita en PhilPapers en inglés y en francés. (shrink)

Abstract -/- This paper argues that the explanatory gap—the seeming chasm between physical motion and subjective experience—is not a fact to be bridged but a pseudo-problem manufactured by a faulty conceptual incision. Illusionism and panpsychism, despite their apparent opposition, share this same false premise: illusionists, facing the gap, declare experience a fiction; panpsychists, facing the same gap, declare experience ubiquitous. Both are wrong. The gap dissolves once we recognize that consciousness is not something added to physical motion, but the intrinsic (...) face of a specific material system operating at a specific level of complexity—a holistic property irreducible to its parts, just as wetness is a holistic property of water molecules combined in a specific way. This position, Substrate-Specific Emergentism, refutes illusionism by affirming the reality of consciousness, and refutes panpsychism by anchoring consciousness in specific material substrates rather than in every particle. The paper constructs the concept of reflexive awareness—the self-manifesting dimension of sensation itself—to establish the genuine metaphysical status of the "I" within a physicalist framework without dualism. Consciousness is real. It is the living brain, shaped by billions of years of evolution, bearing witness to its own existence. (shrink)

I propose a novel metaphysical explanation of identity and distinctness facts called the Modal Proposal. According to the Modal Proposal, for each identity fact – that is, each fact of the form a=b – that fact is metaphysically explained by the fact that it is necessary that the entities involved are indiscernible, and for each distinctness fact –that is, each fact of the form a≠b – that fact is metaphysically explained by the fact that it is possible for the entities (...) involved to be discernible. I argue that the Modal Proposal has greater payoffs at less cost than any of its competitors. It gives simple, uniform, and intuitive explanations of identity and distinctness that conserve longstanding philosophical insights about identity that go back to Leibniz. It does this while making our fundamental base more parsimonious, determining whether controversial cases of identity or distinctness are possible, and expanding our understanding of these central philosophical relations. It does all this while avoiding controversial ontological commitments. (shrink)

The Circular Theory Video 7: Intelligent Autonomy in All Disciplines and Systems.

Understanding the Human TimeSpace: Duplicity and redundancy are embedded in Nature, making it impossible to accurately observe what is happening around us. Meaning observation gives us half of the picture (the other half remains hidden at all times). 50-50 is the (half-the-time overlooked) constant. This is what causes Magical Thinking (errors) (disruption) in all disciplines. Something everyone needs to know.

(Xero (One) Xero) The Circular Realist: Self Sufficient, Individualistic, Agnostic to Opinion, Realistic, Humanistic. The Focus is On Personal ‘Space,’ Freedom, Privacy, Autonomy, and Alignment with (based on an Understanding of) Nature.

Understanding the Human TimeSpace: Conservation of the Circle (The Singularity) and (How We Will Achieve) the Sustainable Society (Social Security) (Universally). -/- Conservation of the Circle is the only dynamic in Nature. -/- The circumference and diameter of an ‘abstract’ circle controls everything in ‘concrete’ reality. The neutron and the proton provide the prototype for this relationship, and, thus, represent(s) all of the constituents, and all of the behavior, in Nature. -/- Meaning the fundamental algorithm in Nature is: if circumference, (...) then diameter, if diameter, then circumference (if zero, then one, if one, then zero) (if neutron, then proton, if proton, then neutron). -/- This means everything changes because nothing is changing (nothing is changing because everything is changing). Thus, duplicity and redundancy are embedded in Nature, making it impossible to accurately observe what is happening around us. -/- Meaning observation gives us half of the picture (the other half remains hidden at all times). 50-50 is the (half-the-time overlooked) constant. -/- This is what causes Magical Thinking (errors) (disruption) in all disciplines. Something everyone needs to know. -/- However, Magical Thinking (The Circular-Linear Codependence of Mind and Matter) (Abstract and Concrete Reality) is the only way (Humans Can Create) (Humans Can Experience) a Sustainable Society. -/- The Singularity (The Circular Theory Universal System Architecture) provides the Zero and the One (Universal Tokenization). -/- All the rest follows. (Metaphysical Naturalism & Intelligent Design). -/- . (shrink)

The Future of Global Finance. Proof, Demonstration, and Concrete Financial Application of The Circular Theory (Conservation of the Circle) Without Which there could be no ‘Stable Coins’ (Tokens in General). -/- .

The Tokenization of Reality explains Everything in Technology. Where Tokenization, Technology, and Reality, Demonstrate and Prove, The Conservation of a Circle. Eliminating the need for Philosophy, Physics, Psychology. Why Crypto Experts are the Philosopher Kings of Modern Society. Finance (The Human Tokenization of Time) Will Produce (and Force, Actually) Globalization (Already Happening).

Two Two-D Systems Equals One Zero-D System: Understanding Motionless Computing and The Motionless Computer called Mind (What it Has to Do with Sustainable Society Building).

You’ll need (to understand) this, if you want to untangle ‘relationships.’ If zero, then one. If one, then zero.

A circle joining and separating any X and Y explains (and controls) everything. Autonomous Intentional Masking (AIM) is the SUPRA-CONSCIOUS PROCESSOR (the super-chip) that controls the circular-linear relationship between mind and matter (nuclear energy) (abstract and concrete reality) (the Metaverse called Mind) (the Singularity called Nature). Giving humans (who understand it) a competitive advantage in all situations (virtual anticipation) (intelligent decisioning).

Metaphysical Naturalism, Mereological Nihilism, The Circular Theory, and the Unification of Technology, Psychology and Finance.

Zero and One (modern) is Yin and Yang (ancient). What's next in AI? Advanced Autonomous Intelligence. This article introduces The Circular Theory (Autonomous Intentional Masking) as the New Thought Dynamic required for Advanced Autonomous Intelligence. It explains the Constant Variable (a Unified Unitized Field) which self-actualizes via Fifteen Sustainable Society Projects organized into a Health, Stealth, Wealth configuration. This self-actualizes into a Wealth-not-War Mentality automatically supported by the required Circular-Linear Financial Co-Dependence Between Liabilities and Assets which is not possible without (...) an Automatically-Conserved-Unified-Unitized-Circular-Linear Field (The Constant-Variable) (One Circumference and One Diameter). Focus is on Service-Based-Sustainability and the (US) Dollar Value of an Hour (the Physical Representation (Universal Tokenization) of Mind). (shrink)

Intelligent Design integrates the work of Ilexa Yardley and Stridjom van der Merwe to demonstrate and prove Conservation of the Circle is the Only Dynamic in Nature (The Circular Theory) (Quantum Mechanics) (Metaphysical Naturalism). Explaining why everything changes because nothing is changing.

In this article, I argue that Kant’s Categorical Imperative applies to maxim tokens rather than to maxim types. The article has three main parts. In the first, I explain my thesis. In the second, I argue for it. In the third, I argue, further, that, if my thesis is correct, then tokens of different maxim types can have different deontic statuses for different agents.

Introducing AIM: Autonomous Intentional Masking (The Key to Quantum Circuits) (The (Forced) Relationship Between Mind and Matter).

Understanding the Human TimeSpace. Why humans cry out (eventually): I need my space!

In this paper, I present a two-pronged argument devoted to defending the type-identity theory of mind against the argument presented by Kripke in _Naming and Necessity_. In the first part, the interpersonal case, I show that since it is not possible to establish the metaphysical conditions for phenomenal identity, it is not possible to argue that there can be physical differences between two subjects despite their phenomenal identity. In the second part, the intrapersonal case, I consider the possibility of imagining (...) one and the same individual having the same phenomenal state while counterfactually being in very different physical states. I argue that this case should respect Kripke’s implicit theory of personal identity—but this proves to be a very difficult task to accomplish, thus preventing the argument from getting off the ground. Therefore, I maintain, that the type-identity theory is still the better option to solve the mind–body problem. (shrink)

Conservation of the Circle is the only dynamic in Nature, and, therefore, the simple solution to the complex problem called ‘reality.’ (Also known as 'identity.') Financial, technological, and, therefore, psychological.

In this paper, we support a continuistic reading of Joseph Margolis' philosophy, defending the claim that in the 1970s, Margolis tackled the issues suggested by the analytic philosophy of art from an original theoretical perspective and through conceptual tools exceeding the analytical framework. Later that perspective turned out to be a radically pragmatist one, in which explicitly tolerant realistic claims and non-reductive naturalism converged with radical historicism and contextualism. We will endorse this thesis by focusing on two important concepts appearing (...) in Margolis' aesthetics essays from the late 1950s to the 1970s: the type-token pair and the notion of cultural emergence. On the one hand, we will emphasise Margolis' indebtedness to Peirce's first formulation of the type-token distinction, involving a strong interdependence between the two elements of the pair, as well as an anti-essentialistic, historicised, and contextualised notion of type. On the other hand, we will delve into Margolis' exploration of the concept of emergence and cultural emergence, involving a genuinely pluralistic view of ontology, as well as a non-reductive, continuistic form of naturalism. Finally, we will connect the criticism of the so-called closure of the physical world with Margolis' anti-autonomistic stance in defining artworks. (shrink)

Circularity is the core dynamic in Nature.

The Counter-Intuitives in Nature: Zero and one is one and two is two and three. Explaining mind, math, and music. The genesis of 'information.' Tokenization in general. Tokenization as the basis for mind, math, and music (information in general).

The conservation of a circle produces the universal system architecture of Nature, and, therefore, the architecture for a quantum information system. There is a mandatory circle (a circular-linear relationship) between mind and matter (abstract and concrete 'reality') explaining (and exposing) both (you need both in order to have either) (complementarity is required (another word) for 'identity').

Nothing new here. Really. The identification (and correct representation) of space.

Every (and any) node on every (and any) network articulates (and, thus, conserves) the entire (every) (any) network.

E=mc2: What did he miss? Rethinking Einstein as a circular theory. Producing philosophical, physical, and psychological fusion.

The 'singularity' in Nature is a concrete-abstraction (think: tokenization) of the circular-linear relationship between 'me' and 'you.' Also, known as, 'me' and 'me' ('you' and 'you'). (Any and every 'me.') (Any and every 'you'.) Explaining the ontology, and, thus, the epistemology, of technology and finance (physics and psychology) (biology and philosophy). The abstract 'object.' The notion of 'self.' Any NFT (non-fungible and-or fungible token). The 'genetics of information.' The 'tokenized' state.

Meme means ‘copy.’ Bio means ‘two.’ Biomemetics is (the study of) (the belief that) the tokenization of reality is a (continual) (and perpetual) copy of the number ‘two.’ Explaining, fundamentality, universals, abstraction, representation, tokenization, the 'self' in any discipline. Identity, Complementarity, Reality.

Understanding the Human TimeSpace: Mind does not operate using sequence (also known, to ‘man,’ as ‘time’). Think: philosophical, and physical, fusion.

Space joins (and separates) any X and-or Y. X and-or Y is, necessarily, 0 and-or 1. 0 and-or 1 is, necessarily, circumference and-or diameter. Explaining (what humans think of as) gravity (general relativity) (the 'self' in all systems). Thereby, and, therein, explaining the relationship between mind and matter. Integrating philosophy and physics (abstract and concrete reality) (where you need both in order to have either). Thereby, and, therein, explaining everything in psychology (a completely tokenized ‘reality’). You can think of this (...) as philosophical, physical, and psychological fusion (absolute relativity). (shrink)

Attaching to (and benefitting from) what you already know.

Why quantum physics works. (Why quantum philosophy works.) And why it doesn’t. It’s all about fusion guitar. You could call it 'philosophical (and physical) fusion.' .

Everything in a human 'universe' (a human mind) depends upon finance. This is because finance is the tokenization, and, therefore, the conservation (the representation) of an uber-basic circle. One zero and (or) one one produces an unlimited number (variation) (combination) of zeroes and ones. Which is exactly what is happening in all disciplines (philosophy, physics, psychology, biology, technology, media).

Information, and, thus, technology (any and every system and-or discipline), depends upon the tokenization (and, thus, the conservation) of a circle (one zero and one one) (one circumference and one diameter). Explaining the human mind, the ‘abstract object,’ and the cryptic universe. Where any (and every) ‘universe’ (think: unit) is totally dependent on the circular-linear relationship between abstract and concrete reality (which is fully accessible (and, thus, only, understandable)) via the Circular Theory diagram (a cryptic, concrete, fully tokenized, abstraction) (for (...) an uber-simple circle). (shrink)

Three claims are widely held and individually plausible, but jointly inconsistent: (1) Negative actions (intentional omissions, refrainments, etc.) are genuine actions; (2) All actions are events; (3) Some, and perhaps all, negative actions aren't events, but absences thereof (when I omit to raise my arm, no omission-event occurs; what happens is just that no arm-raising occurs). Drawing on resources from metaphysics and the philosophy of language, I argue that (3) is false. Negative actions are events, just as ordinary actions are. (...) Moreover, each token negative action is identical to a token positive event, so we can adopt this realist view of negative actions without adding metaphysically negative entities (absences, negative states of affairs) to our ontology. (shrink)

X and X articulate, and, therefore, conserve, an uber-simple, circle. Providing the background (and the foreground) for everything (Nature) (reality).

The power of representation and the representation of power, and, the exploding NFT market. Euclid's error and the mathematics behind representation, identification, and interpretation.

Technology is answering our deepest questions about ‘reality.’ This is because Nature continually tokenizes an underlying, omnipresent, continually conserved, circular-linear relationship. Thus, zero and one (modern) is yin and yang (ancient) tying modern and ancient ideas about 'reality' together, and proving tokenization produces a cryptic 'reality.' Explaining science, and the 'search' for answers (perpetually).

Understanding the Human TimeSpace: An uber-simple circle is the basis for (and explains) everything in philosophy.

Conservation of a circle explains (the human) mind.

We have to go all the way back to Euclid, and, actually, before, to figure out the basis for representation, and therefore, interpretation. Which is, pure and simple, the conservation of a circle. As articulated by Foucault, Deleuze, and Nietzsche. 'Pi' (in mathematics) is the background state for everything (a.k.a. 'mind').Providing the explanation for (and the current popularity, and, thus, the 'genius' behind) NFT (non fungible tokens). 'Reality' has, finally, caught up with the 'truth.'.

Zero and One is Circumference and Diameter.

The integration of biomimetics and memetics produces non-fungible tokens. Proving the Conservation of a Circle is the core, and, thus the only, dynamic in Nature, resulting in the tokenization of reality. Explaining the notion of 'self.' Across all disciplines.

Everything in Nature is, technically, a non-fungible token for 'self.' Explaining the meaning of the word 'self' across all disciplines. Introduces and explains Biomemetics (neologism for the technological realization of 'self').

Why the metaverse is taking over technology. And, physics. (And, therefore, philosophy.) It’s all about the meme.

The universal system architecture of Nature can be summarized as: one zero, one one. This is because zero is, technically (and literally), circumference, and one is, technically (and literally), diameter. This means the algorithm that produces Nature (what humans label 'reality') is: if zero, then one (meaning, if one, then zero). Explaining the tokenzation of space (any matrix) (any lattice) (all vortices and edges) (if circumference, then diameter). Meaning, technically, you cannot use 'words' in any language (including the language of (...) mathematics) to describe 'reality.' You have to use the CIrcular Theory diagram (in this article). (shrink)