Global human civilization is facing unprecedented systemic crises: ecological destruction, social inequality, political conflicts, economic turmoil, and technological risks exhibit cumulative, intergenerational, and irreversible trends. From a scientific-philosophical perspective, this paper proposes that the fundamental crisis of human civilization stems from a long-standing erroneous cosmology—a geocentric or anthropocentric mode of cognition. This cognitive error profoundly affects worldviews, life views, and institutional design, leading to severe misalignment between industrial civilization and natural laws, while simultaneously amplifying the global crises caused by (...) humanity’s boundless greed. -/- Based on a systematic analysis of this structural crisis, this paper proposes the Lao‑Yang Genesis Cosmology as a scientific salvaging framework. This cosmology reveals the chain of cosmic generation and natural laws, establishing a logical closed loop from cosmology → worldview → life view → civilization, providing a scientific basis for the systematic reconstruction of education, institutions, technology, and culture. At the same time, it introduces the principles of natural civilization, including system embedding, feedback loops, and adherence to natural laws, offering an operational framework for global governance, intergenerational responsibility, and sustainable development. -/- By guiding the reconstruction of civilization through a scientific cosmology, this paper demonstrates the only viable path for the salvation of human civilization: cultivating systemic thinking through education, constraining behavior through institutional design, innovating technologies in accordance with ecological and systemic rules, and strengthening the cultural value system in recognition of the unity of humanity and nature. Ultimately, global civilization can achieve low-entropy operation, intergenerational fairness, ecological sustainability, and systemic stability, avoiding irreversible collapse caused by cognitive errors and human greed. This work not only provides a new paradigm for philosophy and social sciences but also offers scientific guidance and practical pathways for global sustainable development. (shrink)

A few remarkable examples of alternative cosmological theories are shown, ranging from a compilation of variations on the Standard Model (inhomogeneous universe, Cold Big Bang, varying physical constants or gravity law, zero-active mass, Milne cosmology, cyclical models), through the more distant quasi-steady-state cosmology, plasma cosmology, or universe models as a hypersphere such as the Dynamic Universe, to the most exotic cases including static models with non-cosmological redshifts of galaxies. -/- Most cosmologists do not usually work within the (...) framework of alternative cosmologies very different from the standard one because they feel that these are not at present as competitive as the standard model. It is true that they are not so developed, but that is because cosmologists do not work on them. This vicious circle is to a great extent due to a sociological phenomenon known as the "snowball effect", in which resources are distributed to the most successful theory at a given time; the effect acts as a potential in a field that attracts cosmologists, causing funds, research positions, prestige, telescope time, publication in top journals, citations, conferences, and other resources to be dedicated almost exclusively to standard cosmology. (shrink)

I discuss the relevance of the current predicament in cosmology to the debate over scientific realism. I argue that the existence of two, empirically successful but ontologically inconsistent cosmological theories presents difficulties for the realist position.

Modern cosmology provides a highly successful effective description of the universe across vast ranges of scale and time. Within the standard ΛCDM framework, phenomena such as inflation, late-time acceleration and the global structure of cosmic time are treated as distinct explanatory components, each motivated by specific observational or theoretical considerations. Despite their empirical adequacy, the conceptual status of these elements remains unsettled. In this paper, we examine cosmology from a generative–projective perspective, which distin- guishes between underlying generative conditions (...) and the standard cosmological reconstruction through which cosmological phenomena are described. From this viewpoint, spacetime geom- etry, cosmic time and expansion dynamics are not treated as fundamental primitives but as reconstructed parameters introduced under specific symmetry assumptions and global parame- terizations. We argue that several central features of contemporary cosmology—including early-universe inflation, dark energy and the apparent temporal origin of the universe—arise necessarily at the boundaries of applicability of the standard cosmological reconstruction. Using an illustrative toy model, we show that accelerated expansion and temporal ordering may reflect structural limitations in cosmological reconstruction and parameterization, rather than distinct underlying physical mechanisms. This reinterpretation preserves the empirical success of standard cosmological models while reducing their ontological commitments. By clarifying the explanatory level at which cosmo- logical concepts operate, the generative–projective framework provides a unified interpretive account of inflation, dark energy and cosmic time and situates cosmology within a broader pattern shared by other areas of foundational physics. (shrink)

I argue that some important elements of the current cosmological model are 'conventionalist’ in the sense defined by Karl Popper. These elements include dark matter and dark energy; both are auxiliary hypotheses that were invoked in response to observations that falsified the standard model as it existed at the time.

This paper provides a taxonomy of cosmological arguments and givesgeneral reasons for thinking that arguments that belong to a given category do not succeed.

We present a cosmological model (RL+) that offers exact predictions for the Hubble constant, the cosmological constant, the total energy density of the universe, and a curvature that matches current observational constraints. The model predicts a cosmological constant energy density that constitutes approximately 64% of the total energy budget, in agreement with current estimates from the standard LCDM model. Furthermore, the model addresses several longstanding cosmological problems—namely, the problem of infinite initial density, the coincidence problem, and the flatness problem—all with (...) the introduction of a single temporal parameter. (shrink)

Modern cosmology has achieved extraordinary empirical success, but this success coexists with persistent foundational paradoxes. The standard model accurately fits a wide range of observations while simultaneously invoking global time, literal singularities, and an absolute origin; commitments that generate conceptual tension and remain weakly constrained by data. This paper argues that these tensions arise not from missing physics but from overcommitted interpretations. I propose a systematic reconstruction of cosmological inference that begins from a strictly minimal observational core and treats (...) coherence, rather than causality or creation, as the primary explanatory constraint. I identify irreducible observables, systematic spectral shifts, a pervasive thermal radiation field, its remarkable spectral preservation, and the growth of correlated structure, and rebuild cosmology using only what is required for these facts to be mutually consistent. Within this framework, early global mixing and later differentiation emerge as coherence-maintenance strategies, while the cosmic microwave background is understood as a protected memory of an earlier regime. The Big Bang is thereby reinterpreted not as a physical origin but as a boundary of reconstructability marking the non-extendibility of the current coherence regime. The ΛCDM model is recovered as a powerful effective compression within this broader framework, but its surplus metaphysical commitments are shown to be optional rather than forced. The resulting coherence-first cosmology is empirically conservative and conceptually lean. It makes falsifiable claims concerning spectral purity, late-time interaction histories, and the limits of extrapolation, thereby remaining firmly within the domain of scientific theory rather than metaphysical speculation. (shrink)

Human civilisation is running an obsolete operating system — one whose core code was written millennia ago: maximise the satisfaction of human desire, treat the natural world as an inexhaustible resource bank, measure progress solely by growth, and frame competition and conquest as the default grammar of civilisational interaction. That system once worked. Today, when humanity's technical power is sufficient to alter atmospheric chemistry within decades and to erase millions of years of accumulated biodiversity within a single generation, the same (...) operating system has become civilisation's greatest existential threat. This book takes the Lao-Yang Genesis Cosmology (老-杨创世纪宇宙观) — proposed by the author Charles X. Yang — as its core theoretical framework. It integrates Laozi's two-and-a-half-millennia-old cosmic intuition ('Dao generates One; One generates Two; Two generates Three; Three generates all things' and 'Humanity follows Earth; Earth follows Heaven; Heaven follows Dao; Dao follows Nature') with modern astrophysics, thermodynamics, cybernetics, cognitive science, evolutionary psychology, and complexity theory, constructing a comprehensive Natural Cybernetics critique. The book argues systematically: the root cause of humanity's infinite greed lies in a cognitive error about our true position in the cosmic generative chain. The overlapping distortions of the theological illusion, the civilisational illusion, and the ego illusion have together driven a false cosmology that powers a destructive civilisational model. Greed is not merely immoral — greed is anti-cosmic-order. The Universal Operating System is already issuing corrective signals — climate change, biodiversity collapse, systemic social instability — physical feedback with no moral content, only physical fact. The book proposes Natural Civilisation (自然文明) as the alternative paradigm to Greed Civilisation, founded on three core principles: the System-Nesting Principle (all human activity must remain within the carrying capacity of the Earth's ecological system), the Feedback-Respect Principle (natural feedback signals must be taken seriously), and the Dao-Centric Cognition Principle (civilisation's cognitive framework must shift from the geocentric illusion to the Dao-centric cosmology of the Lao-Yang framework). The book concludes with 'Know Sufficiency, Know Lasting Joy' (知足常乐) as its ultimate answer — not a passive philosophy of resignation but the most precise cognitive expression of cosmic order, the deepest scientific insight into the neural system, and the most serious thermodynamic requirement for civilisational sustainability. Dao follows Nature; Know Sufficiency, Know Lasting Joy: these are the simplest and most profound operating protocols the cosmos has ever offered humanity. (shrink)

The rapid development of artificial intelligence (AI) has not only brought technological innovation but also unprecedented civilization-level risks. This paper introduces the concept of “Cosmological Safety”, arguing that the root of AI risk is not merely a technical problem but a deep-seated disorder in human civilization, encompassing value systems, institutional structures, and worldviews. From an interdisciplinary perspective that integrates philosophy, physics, complex systems theory, and AI risk analysis, the study constructs an analytical framework centered on the Lao-Yang Genesis Cosmology, (...) embedding cosmic formation, the evolution of life, civilization development, and the emergence of intelligence into a continuous evolutionary chain. -/- Through systematic analysis, the paper reveals cognitive biases inherent in contemporary AI risk paradigms, including techno-centrism, growth-oriented competition, and functionalist ethics, and proposes civilization-level governance strategies based on cosmological understanding. It further demonstrates the relevance of Laozi’s philosophy within the context of modern systems theory, introducing three foundational principles—Ontological Humility, Negative Feedback First, and Natural Boundaries—to guide AI alignment and civilization safety. On this basis, the study constructs a multi-level alignment framework, decentralized intelligence networks, and civilization-scale risk mitigation mechanisms. Four categories of potential civilization failure are analyzed: technological hegemony collapse, digital totalitarian evolution, value-hollowing civilizations, and human-machine co-extinction. Finally, the paper proposes the evolutionary trajectory of future intelligent civilization: from tool-oriented AI to Adaptive Wisdom (AW) embedded within natural cycles, with humans transitioning from designers to stewards of civilization. -/- This work culminates in a declaration for rebuilding civilization under the lens of cosmic-scale rationality, providing a systematic theoretical and practical reference for AI governance, civilization safety, and long-term sustainable development. -/- . (shrink)

This paper develops and benchmarks the Relational Zero State (RZS) framework as an action-free, graph-dynamical model for pre-geometric cosmology. The starting point is not a spacetime Lagrangian, but a weighted relational network (graph) and node fields updated by explicit rules constrained by a stability principle (“Romero Law”). A reproducible workflow (“Universe Factory”) is provided to generate synthetic universes on a laptop and to track phase-transition diagnostics such as component unification (percolation), global communication onset (spectral connectivity growth), and saturation (stability (...) plateaus). -/- A core requirement is low-redshift validation. Mechanisms intended to amplify early rare events must remain compatible with the established low- and intermediate-redshift large-scale-structure (LSS) phenomenology. To isolate the specific RZS statistical effect—symmetric heavy-tail amplification of rare peaks with minimal impact on the two-point sector—controlled surrogate tests are performed using BOSS DR12 LOWZ and CMASS power-spectrum targets (NGC/SGC) and multiple k-windows. Iterative amplitude-adjusted Fourier transform (IAAFT) surrogates hold the target two-point spectrum fixed by construction while varying only the one-point distribution. Across catalogs and parameter sweeps, the heavy-tail prescription keeps skewness consistent with zero, increases excess kurtosis, and boosts tail exceedance in the high-sigma regime, consistent with an even-order (trispectrum-like) signature rather than a two-point modification. -/- All scripts, figures, and summary tables are included for reproducibility and direct scrutiny. -/- . (shrink)

This paper takes inspiration from the Silk Road crossroads of Dunhuang and proposes an “opportunistic trade”of concepts between distant intellectual traditions, in particular Mahāyāna Buddhism and contemporary dark matter cosmology. Dark matter presents philosophy of science with a tension: it is fundamental to the standard model of cosmology, yet directly unobservable, known only through its gravitational manifestations accessed by an extensive infrastructure of telescopes and computational models. The paper argues that the Mahāyāna Buddhist doctrines of emptiness (空) and (...) dependent origination (緣起), which entered sinified Buddhism through Nāgārjuna’s Madhyamaka (Middle Way, 中觀宗) and Heart Sūtra (Prajñāpāramitāhrdaya, 般若波羅蜜多心經), allow us to characterize dark matter as a scientific postulate that gathers a stabilized pattern of manifestations without reifying any substrate beneath. After that, the paper presents the thesis of New Confucian philosopher Xiong Shili (熊十力) on non-duality of reality and function (體用不二), which emerges from his critical and syncretic re-reading of Mahāyāna Buddhism, in order to mobilise the Buddhist concept of 不二 to dissolve the residual philosophical anxiety about dark matter’s ontological standing. The paper advertises a philosophical stance towards dark matter that is (a) comfortable with ambiguity, (b) resistant to premature ontological commitment, and (c) attuned to the mediated character of contemporary cosmological knowledge. The motivation behind this operation is to demonstrate that philosophical positions originating in or inspired by Mahāyāna Buddhism constitute a conceptual toolkit of equal theoretical importance for the philosophy of cosmology alongside the pathways grounded in the Western canon. (shrink)

This paper advances a cosmopsychist interpretation of humanity’s position within an evolving universe. Drawing from cosmology, phenomenology, and process philosophy, it argues that consciousness is not an accidental by-product of matter but a graded feature expressed through increasing structural complexity. Human beings are interpreted not as the center of existence nor as meaningless accidents, but as reflective participants in an ongoing cosmological process. The article distinguishes technological expansion from ontological inquiry and suggests that the future of human evolution depends (...) upon a transformation of awareness rather than mere scientific accumulation. By situating ethics within ontology, it proposes that peace, freedom, equality, and intellectual responsibility emerge from recognizing humanity’s relational and developmental position within a larger conscious totality. (shrink)

This paper systematically analyzes two types of cosmic cognition pathways in the history of human civilization from the perspectives of philosophy of science and cognitive paradigms. One is the ancient Greek rational tradition, represented by Aristotle and Ptolemy, which constructs formalized models through mathematics and logic; the other is Laozi’s philosophy and its extension, the Lao-Yang Genesis Cosmology, which grasps the generative logic and dynamic balance of the universe through de-linguistic and de-modeling holistic insight. -/- This paper proposes and (...) analyzes the minimal cosmic expression of the Lao-Yang Genesis Cosmology—the 12-character cosmic law: Human → Earth → Heaven → Dao → Nature; Dao → One → Two → Three → All Things. Through the logical analysis of the hierarchical chain and the generative chain, the paper demonstrates that this model surpasses the formal systems of the ancient Greek rational tradition in four dimensions: “cognitive compression,” “systemic holism,” “stability,” and “simplicity.” Compared with the ancient Greek scientific philosophy, which relies on local assumptions and falsifiable models, Laozi’s philosophy and its extended system provide a cognitive framework closer to the natural laws of the universe, capable of achieving the unity of macroscopic understanding and operational applicability. -/- The paper further explores the implications of this cognitive framework for modern scientific methods, civilizational development, and ecological governance: science can serve as a local tool, while holistic insight and minimal expression provide global constraints; through cognitive simplification and civilizational alignment, systemic deviations can be reduced, enabling consistency between human behavior and cosmic order. The core objective of this paper is to demonstrate that, in terms of cognitive elevation and systemic holism, the Lao-Yang Genesis Cosmology provides philosophical and scientific guidance that is closer to the natural laws of the universe than the ancient Greek rational tradition. (shrink)

Cognitional Mechanics Cosmology (CM Cosmology) reconstructs time, space, redshift, and large-scale structure from the unique minimal algebra M₃(ℂ). Rather than postulating a Big Bang singularity, inflation, dark matter particles, or dark energy fields, the framework derives all major cosmological observables from a closed set of algebraic axioms with zero free parameters. -/- Building on this foundation, we introduce Permanent Operational Cosmology (Japanese: Koukyuu Enzan Uchu-ron) as the cosmological realization of CM. It describes a universe governed not by (...) an initial creation event or a future thermal end, but by continuous non-commutative operations whose algebraic structure inherently excludes both absolute beginning and termination. -/- Within this framework, time emerges as the ordering of non-commutative operations, three-dimensional space arises as a necessary projection of the algebra, and cosmological redshift follows from a uniform temporal modulation without requiring spatial expansion. The cosmological constant vanishes as a structural identity, cosmic flatness follows from the algebra's natural metric, and the derived CMB temperature and matter/energy density fractions match observational data to within one percent. -/- Furthermore, information is conserved as the invariant rank of the density matrix, resolving the black-hole information paradox by showing it stems from treating dynamical boundary conditions as static horizons. Apparent cosmological tensions arise when the continuous operational dynamics of the underlying algebra are interpreted through static, snapshot-like models. -/- Permanent Operational Cosmology provides a mathematically complete, zero-parameter alternative to the standard ΛCDM model, grounded in a single algebraic structure that unifies cosmic evolution, thermodynamics, and quantum information. -/- Published on April 7, 2026 DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.19448254. (shrink)

The following three evidential arguments are sometimes advanced in favor of a multiverse hypothesis: The fine-tuning argument contends that evidential support for that hypothesis comes from the fact that nature's fundamental parameters are fine-tuned for life. The anthropic argument posits that our mere existence provides such evidence. Finally, the cosmological argument proposes that such evidence arises merely from the fact that the universe exists. The central claim of this chapter is that the success of the fine-tuning and anthropic arguments hinges (...) upon the success of the cosmological argument. After establishing this dependency thesis, I explore several strategies for resisting the cosmological argument. I have two goals. First, I aim to demonstrate the central role of the cosmological argument in these related debates. Second, I plan to sketch out some promising directions for future research regarding its viability. (shrink)

Time appears to ow for observers, yet general relativity describes a static block uni-verse. A spacetime diusivity eld ϵ(s) with dimensions [L2T−1] governs causal information resolution. Two Lorentz-invariant postulatesds/dt = c and dϵ/ds = cpromote ϵˆ and mˆ to canonical conjugates obeying [ϵˆ,mˆ ] = iℏ, yielding the Cosmological Uncertainty Principle: ∆ϵ·∆m ≥ k·ℏ/2. Information-Pixel Amplication extends this principle through spacetime’s granular structure: each Planck-length coherence cell contributes independent quantum ac-tion, yielding ∆ϵ·∆m ≥ (ℏ/2)·(D/ℓcoh) for distance D. Using an area-diusion (...) parameter, the framework further achieves an operational scale unication, deriving both Planck time (tP = ℓP /c) and Hubble time (tH = 1/H0) across 60 orders of magnitude. The theory gener-ates testable predictions: a cosmological horizon temperature TCUP = π ·TdS ≈ 9×10−30 K, and quantitative reproduction of Milky Way dark matter uncertainties (∼ 4 × 1041 kg) us-ing FRB-motivated diusivity parameters. Temporal ow emerges as information transport constraints, unifying quantum mechanics and cosmology while providing falsiable tests of spacetime’s quantum structure through precision astronomical measurements. (shrink)

The cosmological constant problem remains one of the deepest paradoxes in modern physics: quantum field theory predicts a vacuum energy density (~10^120) times larger than the value inferred from cosmological observations. This hierarchy mismatch, together with debates over anthropic reasoning and dynamical dark energy, highlights persistent inconsistencies across scales and observer frames. This paper applies the Universal Principle of Collapse (UPC) as a cross‑scale audit axiom, linking quantum, relativistic, and cosmological domains through recognition and collapse. UPC dissolves the paradox not (...) by introducing new physics but by exposing linguistic and conceptual inconsistencies: the assumption of a static vacuum energy, the neglect of observer‑dependent recognition in cosmological inference, and the concealment of recognition as a relational construct. By enforcing recognition consistency across scales, UPC reframes dark energy as a context-dependent entity rather than a paradoxical constant, continuing the dissolution of foundational contradictions established in prior UPC work (Escagedo Gutierrez, 2025a–d). The paper unfolds through Background, UPC Framework, Audit, Resolution, and Philosophical Framing, guiding the reader step by step to clarity. December 2025. (shrink)

For millennia, Chinese civilization has often been simplified as a Confucian ethical system emphasizing social hierarchy, obedience, and self-restraint according to ritual. However, from the perspective of systematic cosmology and scientific-philosophical reasoning, this understanding is not only partial but obscures the true core wisdom of Chinese civilization. This paper proposes the “Lao-Yang Genesis Cosmology,” centered on Laozi’s philosophical view of cosmic generation, integrating modern cosmology, complexity science, ecology, and theories of civilization evolution to construct a complete evolutionary (...) chain from the Milky Way to the solar system, Earth, the Moon, and all living beings. Its core principles include: humanity (all beings) follows Earth, Earth follows Heaven (solar system), Heaven follows Dao (Milky Way), and Dao follows Nature (Cosmic God); Dao generates One, One generates Two, Two generates Three, Three generates all beings. Through a systematic critique of Confucian thought, the paper reveals the social consequences of hierarchical ethics and the suppression of innovation, and demonstrates how Laozi’s principles—“Dao generates all things, Dao follows Nature, and rule by non-action”—offer holistic wisdom, ecological governance principles, and institutional guidance for modern civilization. Combining modern scientific principles, the paper illustrates the systemic connections among cosmic energy and matter cycles, the generation and evolution of life systems, and the development of civilization within ecological stability, highlighting the practical value of Lao-Yang Genesis Cosmology in governance, ecological civilization construction, and technological innovation. This study aims to reconstruct the confidence of Chinese civilization: true confidence is not founded on Confucian ethical order, but on the scientific-philosophical and philosophical understanding of the systemic laws of the universe, nature, and life, providing theoretical and practical guidance for humanity’s construction of a natural civilization for the future. (shrink)

This paper proposes the Lao–Yang Genesis Cosmology, a holistic cosmological framework that reinterprets Laozi’s foundational propositions—“Man follows Earth, Earth follows Heaven, Heaven follows the Dao, the Dao follows Nature” and “Dao gives birth to One; One gives birth to Two; Two gives birth to Three; Three gives birth to all things”—through the lens of modern astronomy, Earth science, and ecological philosophy. By integrating Daoist metaphysics with contemporary cosmology, the study constructs a nested generative chain: the Dao manifested as (...) the Milky Way; the Milky Way giving rise to the Solar System (“Dao gives birth to One”); the Solar System giving rise to Earth (“One gives birth to Two”); Earth giving rise to the Moon (“Two gives birth to Three”); and the Sun–Earth–Moon tri-system generating water, air, light, life, and ultimately human civilization (“Three gives birth to all things”). Through systematic analysis, the paper demonstrates that these classical Daoist formulations are not merely moral or metaphysical metaphors but correspond to a coherent cosmological order grounded in natural law, self-organization, and systemic interdependence. At the human scale, “Man follows Earth” is interpreted as an ecological and civilizational imperative rooted in planetary limits, cultural continuity, and sustainable development. At the cosmic scale, “Dao follows Nature” is articulated as the spontaneous, non-intervening operation of universal laws governing galaxies, stars, planets, and life. The Lao–Yang Genesis Cosmology thus offers a unified philosophical–scientific model that reconnects humanity with its cosmic origins, reframes ecological crises as consequences of deviating from natural order, and advances a vision of sustainable civilization grounded in harmony between humanity, Earth, and the cosmos. By rebuilding the bridge between ancient Daoist wisdom and modern cosmology, this work seeks to provide a non-theistic, non-anthropocentric foundation for understanding the origin of life, the structure of the universe, and humanity’s ethical responsibility within it. (shrink)

This paper is a simple reminder for cosmology enthusiasts of the bright line separating the laws of physics from science fiction. It provides some tools: rules, guidelines and a definition of space useful for examining cosmology science claims and concepts. It explains the stringent thresholds for an idea before it can accurately be called a scientific theory or hypothesis; and who bears the burden of proof for a theory. These simple tools provide solid ground so you may more (...) easily examine cosmology claims to help make up your own mind which side of the science/science fiction line a specific claim belongs on. (shrink)

This paper centers on the Lao-Yang Genesis Cosmology, integrating Laozi philosophy with modern science to systematically explore cosmic generation, the origin of life, ecological governance, and the holistic laws of civilizational development. The book follows the cosmic evolution logic of “Dao produces One, One produces Two, Two produce Three, Three produce All Things,” constructing an integrated philosophical-scientific framework from the galaxy to the solar system, Earth, and Moon, extending to human civilization. Additionally, it analyzes Sun Shuao’s political practices and (...) the concept of Wu Wei governance, proposing a model of natural civilization governance and elaborating humanity’s cosmic mission and future civilization development. This work provides a novel holistic perspective and theoretical reference for philosophy, science, and civilization studies. (shrink)

This chapter addresses philosophical questions raised in contemporary work on cosmology. It provides an overview of the Standard Model for cosmology and argues that its deficiency in addressing theories regarding the very early universe can be resolved by introducing a dynamical phase of evolution that eliminates the need for a special initial state. The chapter also discusses recent hypotheses about dark matter and energy, issues that it relates to philosophical debates about underdetermination.

This work develops Cosmological Continuity Presentism (CCP) as a generative ontology of relativistic spacetime that preserves the established local dynamics of General Relativity while advancing a distinct account of temporal structure, causal becoming, and ontological succession. CCP is fundamentally a continuous framework whose core claim is not that relativity is false, but that the ontology of a static block universe is not forced by relativistic formalism. Instead, CCP interprets relativistic spacetime as the emergent representation of an ongoing process of lawful (...) generation in which reality continuously becomes what it next is through uninterrupted causal-temporal evolution. -/- At the deepest ontological level, CCP posits a primitive pre-geometric generative ordering parameter, σ, which labels lawful stages in the production of reality. σ is not fundamentally a scalar field defined on a pre-existing spacetime manifold. Rather, the familiar σ-field description applies only within the emergent geometric regime, where spacetime admits a smooth Lorentzian description and σ can be represented as a constrained scalar field whose level sets define admissible present hypersurfaces. -/- CCP preserves the Einstein field equations, Lorentz invariance, diffeomorphism invariance, and the standard ADM initial-value structure of General Relativity. The existence of admissible temporal orderings follows from the causal structure of globally hyperbolic spacetimes through results due to Hawking–King–McCarthy, Malament, Geroch, and Bernal–Sánchez. CCP interprets σ as a physically calibrated member of the class of smooth Cauchy temporal functions guaranteed by these results, with calibration supplied by the cosmological matter congruence and by a variational constraint derived from the Einstein–matter system. -/- Within the emergent geometric regime, the effective σ field introduces no new propagating gravitational degrees of freedom and does not modify the Einstein equations. Its gradient structure is constrained through the Euler–Lagrange condition -/- ∇μσ ∇μσ = −f(Tμν), -/- where the norm of the gradient is determined by local matter-energy content. Accordingly, σ functions as a constrained scalar whose physical significance derives from the existing Einstein–matter structure rather than from an independent dynamical sector. -/- At any stage of cosmic evolution, CCP assigns ontological existence only to the present physical state represented by the advancing present boundary Σσ. Future states remain ungenerated. Earlier states do not persist as independently existing regions of spacetime; however, this non-persistence concerns the earlier state's specific organization rather than the disappearance of physical continuity itself. Matter, energy, fields, causal influences, and physical consequences continue through lawful transformation, while some consequences remain organized as records accessible within later states. -/- CCP therefore distinguishes between (i) ontological persistence, which is limited to present physical structures and their encoded causal records, and (ii) determinate truth about past events, which may extend beyond what remains physically encoded or recoverable. Present records function as evidential traces and partial physical persistence rather than as the total grounding of all truths about the past. -/- The generated domain M(σ) is a formal representation of generated history and causal ancestry rather than an ontological accumulation of simultaneously existing spacetime regions. Reality itself is understood as a continuously evolving causal-temporal process whose mathematical representation employs foliations and generated domains without implying the co-existence of past, present, and future. -/- CCP treats causal ordering as a structural feature of the generated domain and maintains causal continuity independently of whether underlying physical processes are deterministic or stochastic. The framework distinguishes between uncaused outcomes and unconditioned existence: an outcome may lack a determining prior cause while still occurring within a lawful physical framework and a pre-existing generated domain. -/- CCP remains fully compatible with standard relativistic quantum field theory within its experimentally tested domain. At the quantum-gravity level, causal-set approaches provide one possible compatible realization of CCP’s generative-ordering principles because they treat causal order as primitive and spacetime geometry as emergent. CCP, however, remains fundamentally committed to continuous generative flow rather than to discrete ontology. -/- CCP is best understood as an interpretive extension of relativistic cosmology and a phenomenologically motivated completion of relativistic spacetime ontology. It preserves established local physics while providing a mathematically developed account of temporal becoming, causal continuity, and the generation of present reality, together with potentially testable cosmological consequences associated with the gradient structure of the effective σ field. (shrink)

Based on neuroscientific facts and cosmological considerations, the hypothesis is presented here that just as the guided complexity of matter and energy in the unique space-time of each human brain generates the host’s Soul, the infinite complexity of the Multiverse, a more likely embodiment of the allness of existence than a single Universe, must also have a Soul. It is appreciated that this hypothesized Soul of Multiverse, imagined as majestically as obscurely in some ancient religious texts, is currently outside of (...) the realm of science. Yet, this paper argues that the intellectual and technological advances of the 21st century created favorable conditions for starting to address the nature of Soul across human and cosmic scales with the approach of cosmological neuroscience. This interdisciplinary field aims to examine the nervous system in the context of cosmic laws, including the laws that made life on Earth possible and let it evolve to generate the nervous system and its increasingly more sophisticated forms culminating into the appearance of human Soul and its noospheric expansion with purpose and potential to transcend. A human-specific prefrontal cortical supercircuitry termed Self-Ken, with domains Conscience, Mission, Will and Identity, is proposed for the neural center of the individual human Soul. The design of a globally applicable Noospheric Creativity Monitor is introduced to initiate the examination of Soul at its individual and global levels. Possible experimental astronomical and broadened cosmological studies are mentioned to evaluate the discussed hypothesis. (shrink)

This paper interprets cosmological structure formation through the admissibility framework of the Paton System. Rather than viewing galaxies, clusters, and large-scale cosmic structures purely as the result of gravitational amplification of density fluctuations, the admissibility interpretation recognises that only configurations compatible with governing physical constraints are structurally permitted to persist. Cosmological evolution therefore occurs within an admissible configuration manifold defined by gravitational dynamics, conservation laws, and expansion conditions. Structure formation emerges as the progressive occupation of stable admissible regions within this (...) manifold. This interpretation clarifies why large-scale structures display consistent statistical distributions across the observable universe and links cosmological growth with other domains governed by constraint-defined admissible state spaces. (shrink)

This paper proposes a self-contained cosmological framework derived from the claim that absolute nothingness cannot exist, either conceptually or ontologically. Once “nothingness” is defined, the act of specification introduces distinctions, reference structures, and representational capacity—thereby collapsing into existence. From this, we derive the axiom that a universe cannot reach a state of zero structural density. -/- Building on this principle, we introduce a minimal dynamical model in which a scalar quantity, structural density σ(t), represents the amount of distinguishable structure per (...) unit volume. The model predicts that: (1) the universe cannot fully collapse into a structureless state, (2) a minimum structural floor σ_min > 0 prevents terminal heat death, and (3) cosmological re-expansion (“bounce”) emerges when structural density reaches this lower bound. -/- We show that this model smoothly connects to the Friedmann equations by interpreting structural density as contributing to an effective energy density ρ_s(t). Under conditions ρ_s → ρ_min, the dynamical equations imply a reversal from contraction to expansion, providing a classical mechanism for cyclic cosmology without invoking quantum tunneling or singular initial conditions. -/- This structural cosmology framework supports a unified explanation of expansion, collapse, and re-expansion, grounded in the impossibility of nothingness and the continuity of distinguishable structure. (shrink)

This paper completes the Structural Cosmology program by deriving concrete observational predictions from the principle that absolute nothingness is impossible. Using the structural floor σ_min as a dynamical constraint, the model predicts: (1) low-ℓ suppression in the CMB from pre-bounce homogenization, (2) a smooth drift in the dark-energy equation of state w(z), and (3) an ultra–low-frequency gravitational background from pre-bounce contraction. These observational traces allow the impossibility of nothingness to be tested directly against cosmological data, making Structural Cosmology (...) a fully predictive framework. (shrink)

The radial acceleration relation (RAR) of disc galaxies is governed by a single acceleration scale, a0 ≃ 1.20 × 10−10 m s−2 , whose origin has long been an open question. We report a two-input closed-form relation for this scale and a corresponding closed-form RAR law. From the two late-time cosmological parameters (H0, ΩΛ) alone we obtain a0 = cH0 2π Ω 3/8 Λ = 1.20055 × 10−10 m s−2 at Planck-2018 central values, with no galaxy-level fit parameter; the bare (...) Hubble-temperature scale cH0/(2π) undershoots the empirical value by about 13%, and the Ω−3/8 Λ factor supplies the missing normalisation. Built on this scale, the closed-form law g 2 obs = g 2 bar + a0 gbar 1 + q 3 2 qgbar a0  exph − e gbar 2πΩ 3/8 Λ a0 i has the correct deep-MOND and Newtonian limits and, with no parameter fitted to galaxy kinematics, matches the SPARC RAR at a level comparable to the standard empirical interpolation under the same fixed baryonic model. On the full SPARC Q=1 sample (93 galaxies, N = 2060 radial points, no outlier rejection) it is comparable to the McGaugh interpolation (χ 2/N = 44.84 versus 45.48 under a common relative-scoring prescription, the difference interpreted descriptively rather than as a calibrated likelihood significance), while a one-parameter free-a0 fit returns a free 0 = 1.1999×10−10 m s−2 , in 0.05% agreement with the cosmological prediction. We present these as empirical, falsifiable closed-form relations; the microscopic mechanism behind the Ω−3/8 Λ , p 3/2, and e factors is developed in a companion manuscript. (shrink)

This paper is a philosophical essay that completes the conceptual arc of Structural Cosmology I–III. Starting from the claim that absolute nothingness is impossible, it develops an intuitive model of the universe as an “uneditable bitmap”: cosmic collapse, near-complete homogenization, and re-expansion are interpreted as internal rearrangements of structure rather than movements into an external void. -/- To make this precise without formal mathematics, the paper extends Einstein’s equivalence principle to the dimension of scale. If all physical processes deform (...) together when the universe globally shrinks or expands, then no internal observer can detect the change. Under this “scale equivalence principle,” the traditional idea of heat death becomes not a final state but the turning point of a self-contained, cyclic, and fractal breathing of the cosmos. -/- The essay also revisits the arrow of time. Because memory, entropy increase, and causal ordering are all internally defined, it is possible—at least in principle—that the universe is running in the opposite direction to its own cosmic breathing, while remaining observationally indistinguishable. -/- Rather than presenting a closed physical theory, the paper offers a structural and philosophical synthesis connecting cosmology, phenomenology, ethics, and myth. Its goal is to keep the discussion open, preserving a deliberate margin of uncertainty within the universe’s ongoing attempt to understand itself. (shrink)

Macroscopic irreversible processes emerge from fundamental physical laws of reversible character. The source of the local irreversibility seems to be not in the laws themselves but in the initial and boundary conditions of the equations that represent the laws. In this work we propose that the screening of currents by black hole event horizons determines, locally, a preferred direction for the flux of electromagnetic energy. We study the growth of black hole event horizons due to the cosmological expansion and accretion (...) of cosmic microwave background radiation, for different cosmological models. We propose generalized McVittie co-moving metrics and integrate the rate of accretion of cosmic microwave background radiation onto a supermassive black hole over cosmic time. We find that for flat, open, and closed Friedmann cosmological models, the ratio of the total area of the black hole event horizons with respect to the area of a radial co-moving space-like hypersurface always increases. Since accretion of cosmic radiation sets an absolute lower limit to the total matter accreted by black holes, this implies that the causal past and future are not mirror symmetric for any spacetime event. The asymmetry causes a net Poynting flux in the global future direction; the latter is in turn related to the ever increasing thermodynamic entropy. Thus, we expose a connection between four different “time arrows”: cosmological, electromagnetic, gravitational, and thermodynamic. (shrink)

This is the fifth and final paper of the La Profilée Domain Series. Following the Domain Principle (D012) and the physical, biological, organizational, and personal foundations of Domains I–IV, it specifies the bridge assumptions connecting LP structural variables to cosmological observables and derives the LP structural account of cosmological persistence architectures. Cosmological systems are LP-admissible systems at the largest physical scale. Galaxies, galaxy clusters, and large-scale structure are persistent cosmological configurations that maintain their structural identity against cosmological transformation load. The (...) universe as a whole undergoes a trajectory through cosmological LP phase space — from an extremely low-entropy initial state deep in the cosmological Coherence Zone toward progressive structural entropy accumulation at the largest accessible scale. The cosmological bridge assumptions connect: Frame (F) to large-scale structural invariants, conserved topological properties, and the defining characteristics of cosmological configurations; Module (M) to degrees of freedom available for cosmological evolution and phase transitions; Coupling (K) to gravitational and field-theoretic interaction structures that maintain coherent large-scale organization; Transformation load (R) to expansion rate, dark energy density, entropy production, and perturbation spectrum. Six structural results are derived. Result I — Cosmological Coherence Zone: stable large-scale structures are Coherence Zone interiors at cosmological scale. Result II — Structure Formation as Persistence: galaxy and cluster formation can be interpreted as LP-admissible cosmological configurations emerging through structural selection (D006) from near-uniform initial conditions. Result III — Thermodynamic Arrow as Structural Arrow: cosmological entropy increase is the largest-scale instantiation of structural entropy production (D009). Result IV — Fine-Tuning as Admissibility Condition: physical constants can be interpreted as cosmological admissibility constraints — boundary conditions that allow persistent cosmological structures to form. Result V — Accelerated Expansion as Increasing Load: dark energy-driven accelerated expansion can be interpreted as monotonically increasing cosmological transformation load. Result VI — Heat Death as Cosmological Persistence Boundary: the thermodynamic heat death is the cosmological instantiation of maximum structural entropy — S_ent_cosm → 1, complete restoration foreclosure at cosmological scale. Domain V completes the Domain Series. Cosmological persistence architectures are not the most dramatic application of LP — they are its most encompassing: the structural conditions of persistence at the scale of the universe itself. (shrink)

I present a theoretical framework proposing that the proper rate of time, averaged across the observable universe, increases monotonically as a function of cosmic expansion. Building on established general relativistic principles — specifically gravitational time dilation and the relationship between mass density and spacetime curvature — I derive that as the universe expands and the mean gravitational potential weakens, the cosmic average rate of proper time dτ/dt must increase at every moment. This is supported by recent observational evidence that time (...) ran approximately five times slower in the early universe than at present. I further introduce an exploratory conjecture — not yet admissible as physics evidence — that the well-documented subjective acceleration of time perception in aging humans may carry a weak, indirect signal of this cosmological effect, superimposed on and vastly dominated by neurological and psychological mechanisms. I outline the mathematical framework, challenge the assumption of universal passage of time that persists in both physics and philosophy, discuss the gap between established and conjectural claims, identify conditions for falsifiability, and propose directions for future interdisciplinary investigation. (shrink)

As persons we are irreducibly unique and essentially relational. In many contexts individual uniqueness has been accentuated at the expense of communal relationality. Our age has been marked by the loss of deep and meaningful relations to one another, and still more dramatically to the earth and its living creatures. The cosmological dimension of human personhood, that is, has been largely obscured. This chapter argues that our age has been marked increasingly by anesthetizing, alienating, and anonymizing tendencies. It proposes three (...) commensurate responses: aestheticization, or embodied philosophical knowing that remains faithful to the earth; anacarnation, or willful return to the wonders of embodied life, purged of romantic sentimentality; and attestation, or speaking up on behalf of the haecceitas or thisness of living creatures systematically instrumentalized for profit and pleasure. Together these responses help us to regain touch with animality by embracing the earth that hosts us, thus becoming more gracious guests, and to become more fully human by becoming better hosts to the multitude of earth's creatures, whose lives hang in the balance. (shrink)

The greatest global risk facing the twenty-first century is the transformation of strategic competition between the United States and China from economic rivalry into political confrontation, technological decoupling, and even military conflict. Traditional theories such as realism, liberalism, and hegemonic stability theory are no longer capable of fundamentally explaining or resolving current structural tensions, because their logic remains rooted in the industrial civilization assumptions of “state-centrism” and “expansion-driven development.” -/- This paper seeks to transcend the traditional geopolitical perspective by introducing (...) the Lao-Yang Genesis Cosmology as a new systemic analytical framework. It argues that the essence of U.S.–China conflict is not merely an ideological struggle, but rather a structural imbalance emerging from the evolution of industrial civilization into a high-entropy stage. -/- The paper first analyzes the limitations of hegemonic civilization under industrial modernity: the United States, due to excessive financialization, has experienced deindustrialization and social fragmentation, while the enormous maintenance costs of global military expansion have generated deep hegemonic anxiety. China, meanwhile, despite possessing strong state capacity and a powerful manufacturing system, also faces resource bottlenecks and systemic balancing challenges inherent within industrial logic. -/- Based on the generative sequence embedded in the Lao-Yang Genesis Cosmology — “Humanity follows Earth; Earth follows Heaven; Heaven follows Dao; Dao follows Nature” — this paper proposes the necessity of transitioning from hegemonic civilization toward a Generative Civilization. Within this framework, power is no longer understood as a vector of infinite expansion, but rather as the dynamic balancing potential within a system. -/- The paper innovatively proposes: -/- 1. At the political level: recognizing the “naturalness” of multipolarity and shifting from an order of conquest toward an order of cooperation; 2. At the economic level: transcending the model of infinite growth and establishing a “generative economic structure” under ecological and systemic constraints; 3. At the technological level: transforming AI from a mere force multiplier into Artificial Wisdom (AW) as a systemic resonator capable of constraining human greed; 4. At the military level: establishing a “Generative Security Paradigm,” in which security arises not from suppressing others, but from reducing the entropy of the overall system. -/- The conclusion argues that U.S.–China competition is not a historical accident, but the product of industrial civilization reaching systemic limits. Humanity’s highest wisdom lies not in destroying rivals, but in maintaining systemic stability within the cosmic chain of generative existence. Moving from geopolitics toward a “planetary civilization,” and realizing coexistence between the United States and China through “generative equilibrium,” constitutes the only viable path for mitigating conflict and sustaining human civilization. (shrink)

The book discusses the structure, content, and evaluation of cosmological arguments. The introductory chapter investigates features essential to cosmological arguments. Traditionally, cosmological arguments are distinguished by their appeal to change, causation, contingency or objective becoming in the world. But none of these is in fact essential to the formulation of cosmological arguments. Chapters 1-3 present a critical discussion of traditional Thomistic, Kalam, and Leibnizian cosmological arguments, noting various advantages and disadvantages of these approaches. Chapter 4 offers an entirely new approach (...) to the cosmological argument - the approach of theistic modal realism. The proper explananda of cosmological arguments on this approach is not change, causation, contingency or objective becoming in the world. The proper explananda is the totality of metaphysical reality - all actualia and all possibilia. The result is the most compelling and least objectionable version of the cosmological argument. (shrink)

This paper explores the ultimate fate of the universe from the per- spective of the Tenson particle, a hypothetical entity responsible for fluctuations that generate both spacetime and temporal flow. We ar- gue that the universe, born from an initial fluctuation, will end by returning to the same state of fluctuation, thereby closing a cosmolog- ical cycle that can be interpreted as eternal recurrence. Observational support is drawn from redshift, cosmic microwave background (CMB) anisotropies, gravitational wave anomalies, and the effects (...) of dark en- ergy. Finally, philosophical and speculative implications such as warp navigation are considered. (shrink)

This paper introduces the foundational axiom of the Unified Cosmology: wherever holographic life exists, time and spirit necessarily arise. Holographic life is defined as any finite system capable of generating an internal representation of itself. Such systems inherently produce an internal temporal gradient (biological time) and a continuity of meaningful resonance (spirit). Time is not a universal physical dimension but a biological phenomenon that emerges only within living entes. Spirit is the persistence of this meaningful time across transitions. Matter (...) also undergoes change, but its “time” is not lived; it becomes identifiable only through symbolic interpretation by advanced biological entes. The paper argues that life, time, and spirit form the biological trinity, the structural triad that gives meaning to three‑dimensional space. This framework establishes a symbolic cosmology grounded in gradients, resonance, and the continuity of finite identity. (shrink)

This personal manifesto presents a cosmological vision based on the idea that similar informational constraints generate similar structures across scales. Drawing on analogies between biology, networks, and large-scale cosmic organization, it explores the possibility that the Universe preserves and transmits structural information through processes analogous to regulation, replication, and transition. The text is not presented as a formal scientific article, but as a conceptual and reflective document outlining the philosophical and structural foundations of the theory.

Existing cyclic cosmologies face an unanswered question: how are successive cosmological cycles thermodynamically related? If each cycle begins from entirely new initial conditions, cosmic history is repeatedly erased. If every feature carries unchanged into the next cycle, each universe is an exact repetition of its predecessor. Neither is physically satisfactory, and the problem is now observationally urgent. Recent results from the Dark Energy Spectroscopic Instrument suggest that dark energy is weakening over cosmic time rather than remaining constant (Abdul Karim et (...) al., 2025; Luu et al., 2025). A weakening dark energy has a decay curve—a rate of change—and the question of what drives that curve, and what happens when it reaches the Friedmann turning point, is no longer purely speculative. If collapse within cosmological timescales is physically plausible, the question of what follows, and whether it is continuous with what preceded it, deserves a framework. This paper proposes a framework connecting four otherwise independent theoretical programs—dynamical dark energy, Loop Quantum Cosmology, thermodynamic irreversibility, and cyclic cosmological models—through a single directional principle: irreversible differentiation. The framework treats differentiation as the primitive process from which cosmic directionality emerges. Because differentiations are irreversible, they generate persistent consequences—residue, defined here as the accumulated constraint geometry generated by irreversible differentiation, the persistent deformation of the probability distribution over available future states. Entropy production is one measurable expression of this directionality at local scales; dark energy evolution is proposed as its parallel expression at cosmological scales. The two are not causally related—neither drives the other—but both may be parallel manifestations of the same underlying directional process, tracking each other across cosmic time because both are expressions of the universe moving from its founding differentiation toward increasing uniformity. The framework does not require every one of these proposals to be correct. It requires only that if they are each partially correct, they fit together in the way described here. The paper develops this framework across seven sections, formulates a phenomenological mathematical model consistent with it, identifies four observational predictions by which its central claims may be confirmed or falsified, and derives in Appendix B the framework’s most distinctive structural consequence: that thermodynamic inheritance across LQC bounces produces a cosmological sequence that is neither symmetric nor infinite, but directional and terminable by a precisely specifiable condition. (shrink)

This paper argues that scientific humility is essential for preserving human curiosity and intellectual progress. Drawing from paradigm shifts in astronomy and physics, contemporary cosmology’s 5% visible-matter framework, and philosophical accounts of provisional knowledge, it critiques epistemic finality—particularly when theological or metaphysical claims function as cognitive closure. Expanding the discussion, the paper introduces a phenomenological framework grounded in the concept of “zero and infinity,” proposing that reality is encountered as an open field of awareness rather than a completed system (...) of answers. The universe is interpreted not as a final solution to be possessed, but as an ongoing question that deepens consciousness. -/- Keywords: scientific humility, epistemology, curiosity, dark matter, phenomenology, zero and infinity, cosmology. (shrink)

This paper proposes the Lao–Yang Genesis Cosmology as a conceptual framework for analyzing civilizational sustainability, aiming to examine the stability and evolutionary dynamics of civilization systems under physical and ecological constraints. The framework integrates classical Laozi cosmology with modern astrophysics, non-equilibrium thermodynamics, ecological economics, and cybernetic governance models to construct a multi-level systems model, viewing civilization as a complex system governed by energy flows, feedback mechanisms, and hierarchical constraints. By distinguishing between metaphorical correspondences and physical boundaries, the study (...) shows that when socio-technical systems deviate from planetary and cosmic constraints, civilizational crises, high-entropy states, and ecological overshoot become inevitable. -/- The paper further argues that governance should focus on constraint alignment, feedback-driven regulation, and multi-scale coordination, emphasizing the synergistic role of individual agency, institutional design, and distributed control. Concepts such as the “solar budget” and “energy and entropy” are introduced as heuristic boundary tools to guide policy and economic planning. The contribution of this work lies in providing a cross-disciplinary, systematic interpretive model that combines philosophical reflection with scientific reasoning. It is neither a predictive physical theory nor a purely normative moral treatise but offers analytical tools and conceptual frameworks for understanding and constructing a natural civilization. This approach has significant implications for ecological governance, sustainability studies, and interdisciplinary philosophy of civilization. -/- . (shrink)

Modern scientific cosmology pushes the boundaries of knowledge and the knowable. This is prompting questions on the nature of scientific knowledge. A central issue is what defines a 'good' model. When addressing global properties of the Universe or its initial state this becomes a particularly pressing issue. How to assess the probability of the Universe as a whole is empirically ambiguous, since we can examine only part of a single realisation of the system under investigation: at some point, data (...) will run out. We review the basics of applying Bayesian statistical explanation to the Universe as a whole. We argue that a conventional Bayesian approach to model inference generally fails in such circumstances, and cannot resolve, e.g., the so-called 'measure problem' in inflationary cosmology. Implicit and non-empirical valuations inevitably enter model assessment in these cases. This undermines the possibility to perform Bayesian model comparison. One must therefore either stay silent, or pursue a more general form of systematic and rational model assessment. We outline a generalised axiological Bayesian model inference framework, based on mathematical lattices. This extends inference based on empirical data (evidence) to additionally consider the properties of model structure (elegance) and model possibility space (beneficence). We propose this as a natural and theoretically well-motivated framework for introducing an explicit, rational approach to theoretical model prejudice and inference beyond data. (shrink)

Pierre Aubenque examines how Aristotle’s theory of moral agency is grounded in his broader metaphysics and cosmology. Human action intervenes within “the domain of the contingent”: that which is capable of being otherwise (to endechomenon allōs echein). While wisdom and science have as their object what is immutable and necessary, the virtue of “prudence” (phronēsis) names the aptitude for responding correctly to the indeterminacy of the future and the vicissitudes of chance. While this contingency always threatens to frustrate our (...) ends, it is also the foundation for the very possibility of action and thus for human excellence and flourishing. Throughout the essay, Aubenque contrasts Aristotle’s “cosmology of contingency” with the Stoic worldview. Along the way, Aubenque offers provocative readings of Aristotle’s concepts of art (technē), chance (tuchē), and the opportune moment (kairos). This translation is published in Contemporary Encounters with Ancient Practice, Greenstine, Johnson, and Mesing eds. (Edinburgh University Press 2025). The essay was originally published as ‘Cosmologie de la prudence’, Chapter 2 of Aubenque’s monograph La prudence chez Aristote (Presses Universitaires de France 1963). (shrink)

This paper develops the second foundational principle of the Unified Cosmology: three‑dimensional space becomes meaningful only through the biological trinity of life, time, and spirit. Space, considered purely as a geometric structure, contains no inherent significance. Meaning arises only when a living ente generates an interior perspective (life), an internal temporal gradient (time), and a continuity of identity across transitions (spirit). These three elements transform space from an indifferent physical container into a symbolic field of orientation, direction, and persistence. (...) The paper distinguishes matter’s space—geometric, measurable, and indifferent—from biological space, which is lived, symbolic, and meaningful. It argues that dimensionality itself is not merely physical but emerges from the resonance structures of holographic life. This principle establishes the symbolic architecture of space and forms the second pillar of the Unified Cosmology. (shrink)

Preface: Rebuilding the Spiritual Foundations of Human Civilization at the Scale of Cosmic Rationality -/- I did not anticipate that what began as a near-compulsive intellectual urge — the need to properly explain Laozi — would eventually grow into many scholarly works spanning the vast intellectual terrain of cosmology, thermodynamics, complexity science, civilization theory, AI ethics, and epistemology. Yet in retrospect, everything seems to have been inevitable: once you truly touch the scientific core of Laozi's thought, you cannot stop, (...) because that core functions like a self-organizing seed, spontaneously generating new branches in every new intellectual soil into which it is planted. -/- This book is a systematic review of those works, and a self-presentation of a complete philosophical system. Its central proposition can be stated in a single sentence: the sustainability of civilization depends upon the degree to which it aligns with the generative order of the cosmos. -/- I. The Starting Point: An Unavoidable Fundamental Perplexity -/- More than twenty years ago, when I began to read Laozi seriously, I encountered a peculiar intellectual predicament. On one hand, I had a clear sense that the Dao De Jing contained something far exceeding an ordinary philosophical text — it seemed less like the product of a particular historical moment and more like a direct record of some objective cosmic reality. On the other hand, I found that none of the existing interpretive traditions — whether Daoism's mystification, Confucianism's domestication, or modern scholarship's philological textualism — could genuinely account for the source of this sense. -/- The turning point came when I placed Laozi's "the Dao gives birth to One; One gives birth to Two; Two gives birth to Three; Three gives birth to the ten thousand things" in direct comparison with modern astronomy, thermodynamics, and complex systems science. When "the Dao gives birth to One" corresponded to the Milky Way generating the Solar System; "One gives birth to Two" to the Earth condensing from the primordial solar nebula; "Two gives birth to Three" to the Earth capturing the Moon; and "Three gives birth to the ten thousand things" to the Sun-Earth-Moon trinitarian system nurturing life and civilization — a stunning recognition arose within me: Laozi was not a mystic and not a moral teacher, but the earliest scientific philosopher in human history to perceive, through philosophical intuition, the generative order of the cosmos. This recognition opened the door to more than two decades of intellectual exploration. The Lao-Yang Genesis Cosmology was gradually constructed on the foundation of this foundational insight. -/- II. Methodological Consciousness: Scientific Philosophy -/- The methodology employed in this research series I call "scientific philosophy" (科学哲思, kexue zhesi) — it is neither pure humanistic hermeneutics nor reductionist natural science, but the deep fusion of both. It uses modern cosmology, thermodynamics, and complexity science to test and enrich philosophical propositions, while simultaneously using the holistic philosophical vision to integrate and elevate the fragmented discoveries of science. Why is such a methodology necessary? Because the objects that Laozi discusses — the generation of the cosmos, the laws of nature, the stability of systems — are in their essence the research objects of natural science; yet the manner in which Laozi approaches these objects — holistically, non-linearly, through spontaneous emergence — is precisely the core agenda of contemporary complexity science. Pure philological commentary can never reach this level; pure natural science lacks the philosophical framework needed to integrate these insights. Scientific philosophy is the only genuine bridge between the two. The practice of this methodology has produced a series of cross-disciplinary research results: from the astronomical argument for "the Dao is the Milky Way"; to the cybernetic interpretation of wu wei as the principle of minimum intervention and negative feedback first; from the complexity-science explanation of Chinese civilization's long-term continuity; to the civilizational safety framework for the transformation from Artificial Intelligence (AI) to Artificial Wisdom (AW); from the epistemological critique of the historical arc of Western rationalism; to the political-philosophical exposure of the "Confucian-Daoist complementarity" narrative as academic reductionism. Each work is a concrete unfolding of the scientific philosophy method within a particular problem domain. -/- III. Core Insights: Three Intellectual Threads -/- Looking back across the works on Philarchive, three intellectual threads that run through the entire body of research can be clearly identified. They are intertwined with each other and together constitute the core structure of this intellectual system. -/- The first thread: cosmogony. Laozi's "the Dao generates the ten thousand things" is not a metaphysical metaphor but a philosophical expression of the true physical generative order of the cosmos. The Dao (the Milky Way) → the Solar System → the Earth → the Moon → life → civilization: this hierarchically generative chain is the cosmological foundation of the entire theoretical system. Each level creates local low-entropy order under thermodynamic constraints through dissipative structure mechanisms; each level constitutes an inviolable constraint upon the next — "Man follows Earth; Earth follows Heaven; Heaven follows the Dao; the Dao follows Nature" is a fundamental principle of civilizational design, not a moral exhortation. -/- The second thread: civilizational entropy diagnosis. The core crisis of contemporary civilization is not a moral crisis but a systemic entropy-increase crisis. Artificial Civilization takes positive feedback mechanisms (growth driving growth, power reinforcing power, desire amplifying desire) as its core driving force: its short-term efficiency is extremely high, but its long-term rate of entropy increase is equally high, and thermodynamic collapse is inevitable. Natural Civilization takes negative feedback mechanisms (self-restraint, systemic repair, dynamic equilibrium) as its core regulator, and is capable of sustainable persistence within the framework permitted by cosmic thermodynamics. From this perspective, Confucian thought, modern technocracy, global elite dialogue mechanisms, and the mainstream development logic of artificial intelligence all expose their systemic nature as accelerators of high-entropy civilization. -/- The third thread: the pathway of cognitive transformation. Understanding Laozi requires completing three cognitive transformations: from utilitarian judgment to systemic wisdom; from binary oppositional thinking to dynamic interpenetration; and from anthropocentrism to cosmic positioning. These three transformations are not purely intellectual philosophical exercises but a fundamental reorientation at the civilizational level — they are the cognitive prerequisites that must be completed in order to switch from the Artificial Order operating system to the Natural Civilization operating system. -/- IV. The Difficulties and Limitations of This Work -/- It must be honestly acknowledged that the construction of this intellectual system has been full of difficulties and contains unavoidable limitations. The greatest difficulty is the limitation of language. Laozi says: "The Dao that can be spoken is not the eternal Dao" — any effort to fix the Dao as some determinate concept will miss the Dao's essential nature. The scientific philosophy method attempts to approach Laozi's cosmology in the language of science, but every such approach simultaneously entails a certain degree of simplification. I know well that the true Dao — the dynamic holism of the cosmos's spontaneous generative order — cannot be completely captured by any textual system. What this book can achieve is only a continuous approach to this inexhaustible cosmic reality from multiple angles, using multiple instruments. -/- Another limitation is the scope of the research. Although my works (Works by Charles X. Yang on Philarchive) represent a considerable volume, the problem domain encompassed by the Lao-Yang Genesis Cosmology far exceeds what any individual research program can cover. Cosmology, neuroscience, ecology, political economy, artificial intelligence... each domain can be the subject of deep specialist research from the perspective of the Lao-Yang cosmology. This book's survey establishes an open theoretical framework more than a closed final answer. V. Acknowledgment and Aspiration This intellectual journey has been solitary, and it has been fulfilling. Solitary, because the path it walks can find almost no coordinates in the existing academic classification system. Fulfilling, because every genuine intellectual breakthrough brings a joy that comes from contact with the deep order of the cosmos — an inner satisfaction that no external recognition can replace. -/- I am grateful to all readers who have read these works seriously, whether you agree or disagree with the arguments within them. The value of thought lies not in being accepted, but in being taken seriously — being questioned, criticized, refuted, and even transcended. Laozi says: "When the superior student hears of the Dao, he diligently practices it" — but I equally treasure "when the inferior student hears of the Dao, he laughs out loud," for that laughter is precisely evidence that something genuinely profound has been touched. -/- Finally, let Laozi's words serve as the close of this preface, and as the spiritual annotation of this entire intellectual system: "In learning, every day something is added. In following the Dao, every day something is let go. Let go and let go again, until non-action is reached. Through non-action, nothing is left undone." The rigor of science is the cognitive instrument of "every day something is added"; the pursuit of cosmic wisdom is the spiritual direction of "every day something is let go." This book is the product of the deep fusion of these two directions — rebuilding the spiritual foundations of human civilization with reason at the cosmic scale. -/- Charles X. Yang -/- At California Silicon Valley’s Home, 2025 . (shrink)

This essay aims to provide a self-contained introduction to time in relativistic cosmology that clarifies both how questions about the nature of time should be posed in this setting and the extent to which they have been or can be answered empirically. The first section below recounts the loss of Newtonian absolute time with the advent of special and general relativity, and the partial recovery of absolute time in the form of cosmic time in some cosmological models. Section II (...) considers the beginning and end of time in a broader class of models in which there is not an analog of Newtonian absolute time. As we will see, reasonable physical assumptions imply that the universe is finite to the past, and Section III turns to consideration of the “beginning” itself. We critically review conventional wisdom that a “singularity” reveals flaws in general relativity and briefly assess ways of avoiding the singularity. (shrink)

Cosmology is coherence physics expressed at cosmic scale. In the Foundational Architecture, the universe emerges from the interaction of three origin‑level objects: formation dynamics (Object 1), persistence invariants (Object 2), and metabolic transformation (Object 3). Their recursive propagation across gradients produces cosmic structure, thresholds, flows, and large‑scale organization. The pre‑cosmic field corresponds to the continuous coherence substrate (0), and the first threshold transition marks the universe’s initial symmetry breaking. -/- This framework interprets dark matter as unresolved tension, expansion as (...) tension equalization, black holes as boundary collapse, holography as boundary‑encoded information conservation, and inflation as rapid threshold release. Quantum behavior appears as micro‑scale coherence dynamics, while cosmic time reflects the multi‑scale temporal gradients generated by the triad. The universe’s toroidal geometry and large‑scale flow patterns arise from the invariant propagation of coherence across scales. -/- Cosmology, on this view, is not a separate domain of physics but a scale‑invariant expression of the same generative architecture that governs meaning formation, number, time, and fractal geometry. (shrink)

This manuscript extends the Adagana framework beyond biological sound production into the domain of temporal and cosmological alignment. Building upon the neuro-vibrational architecture established in earlier Paper IV, this paper introduces rhythmic timing as a governing variable in structured phonation. -/- The central position advanced is that sound, when produced through controlled breath, resonance placement, and phonetic structure, is further conditioned by environmental cycles including solar phases, transitional thresholds, and broader rhythmic patterns inherent in natural systems. Adagana is therefore formalized (...) not only as a system of vibrational regulation, but as a timing-sensitive discipline operating through alignment between internal biological rhythms and external environmental cycles. -/- The manuscript defines the Law of Rhythmic Alignment, establishes three operational gates (Solar, Lunar, and Terrestrial), and introduces transitional amplification windows as high-sensitivity phases for precise vibrational application. It further develops the concept of cosmological encoding, describing how cyclical patterns are translated into structured sound sequences through repetition, directionality, and timing. -/- Adagana is presented as an independent indigenous doctrine grounded in embodied practice, structural coherence, and reproducible outcomes. This work establishes the temporal and cosmological layer of the system while maintaining a disciplined, non-symbolic approach to sound and rhythm. (shrink)

This paper develops the third axiom of the Unified Cosmology by arguing that three‑dimensional space carries symbolic meaning derived from the ente’s internal triadic structure. While geometry describes space as neutral extension, the ente interprets space through the Biological Trinity of life, time, and spirit. Each spatial dimension corresponds to a symbolic function: identity, intention, and continuity. This correspondence is not metaphorical but structurally necessary, arising from the way interiority, interior time, and spirit shape the ente’s interpretive relation to (...) the world. The paper distinguishes geometric from symbolic dimensionality, demonstrates how symbolic meaning emerges from the ente’s triadic constitution, and shows how dimensionality becomes a bridge between symbolic space and symbolic physics. (shrink)