The NEW MIDDLE

[Revised entry by John Christman on August 22, 2025. Changes to: Main text, Bibliography, notes.html] Individual autonomy is an idea that is generally understood to refer to the capacity to be one's own person, to live one's life according to reasons and motives that are taken as one's own and not the product of manipulative or distorting external forces, to be in this way independent. It is a central value in the Kantian tradition of moral philosophy, but it is also given fundamental status in John Stuart Mill's version of utilitarian liberalism (Kant 1785/1983, Mill 1859/1975, ch. III). Examination of the concept of...

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"Honor is not the exclusive property of any political party."

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"The more I study religions the more I am convinced that man never worshipped anything but himself."

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[Revised entry by Mark LeBar on August 8, 2025. Changes to: Main text, Bibliography] The notion of justice as a virtue began in reference to a trait of individuals, and to some extent remains so, even if today we often conceive the justice of individuals as having some (grounding) reference to social justice. But from the start, the idea of justice as a virtue of individuals faced several challenges. First, "justice as a virtue" is ambiguous as between...

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ACWORTH, GA—In an effort to prepare for a “devastating” outcome, terrified conservative Clayton Hawkins told reporters Wednesday that he was planning to move to 1930s Austria if Donald Trump lost the presidential election. “I swear to god, if Kamala Harris wins in November, you can bet I’m getting a one-way ticket to…

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