Men's Health
See also: viagra | cialis |
These three images will also be in an upcoming issue of Men's Health Korea.
On an unrelated note, if you'd like to ask me questions anonymously, feel free to leave them on my formspring and I will try and answer all of them. Started it a while back, but have recently regained interest in it. Go wild!
I've been meaning to put these up on my blog for a while now but somehow have not gotten around to it. They were done for the January 2010 issue of Men's Health Germany. The article was called "Volle Power Aus Dem Verstärker" which translates into full power from the amplifiers. It was about motivation for exercise, and the power of different types of music for different work outs. The first one was a double page spread, and the other two were single page spreads. Photographs from Dietrich Halemeyer.
These three images will also be in an upcoming issue of Men's Health Korea.
On an unrelated note, if you'd like to ask me questions anonymously, feel free to leave them on my formspring and I will try and answer all of them. Started it a while back, but have recently regained interest in it. Go wild!
ORMONAL CONTROL OF CANCER (RAAS)
ORMONAL CONTROL OF CANCER (RAAS)
Ann N Y Acad Sci. 2008 Sep;1138:65-72.
Captopril as a potential cialis of lung tumor growth and metastasis.
Attoub S, Gaben AM, Al-Salam S, Al Sultan MA, John A, Nicholls MG, Mester J, Petroianu G.
Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, UAE University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates. samir.attoub@uaeu.ac.ae
Abstract
Lung cancer is the most common form of cancer in the world, and 90% of patients die from their disease. The angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors are used widely as antihypertensive agents, and it has been suggested that they decrease the risk of some cancers, although available data are conflicting. Accordingly, we investigated the anticancer activity of the ACE inhibitor, captopril, in athymic mice injected with highly tumorigenic LNM35 human lung cells as xenografts. Using this model, we demonstrated that daily IP administration of captopril (2.8 mg/mouse) for 3 weeks resulted in a remarkable reduction of tumor growth (58%, P < p=" 0.088)."> Acta Oncol. 2004;43(2):142-52. Lindberg H, Nielsen D, Jensen BV, Eriksen J, Skovsgaard T. Department of Oncology, Herlev Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Denmark. heli@herlevhosp.kbhamt.dk Angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEi) prescribed for cardiovascular and renal disease since 1980 are widely atoxic and several experimental studies and one epidemiological study have demonstrated an effect of ACEi on cancer. ACEi has the effect of modifying gene expression; inhibiting proliferation and invasion of cancer cells; reducing endothelial cell migration and angiogenesis in vitro, whereas tumour growth and metastasis were inhibited in vivo. Several mechanisms of action are possible but inhibition of matrix metalloprotease activity, reduced expression of vascular endothelial growth factor and interference with the renin-angiotensin system were demonstrated by the experimental studies. In this paper we review the laboratory investigations and epidemiological studies on the anti-cancer actions of ACEi and present a summary of the evidence regarding the potential use of ACEi in cancer treatment Expert Opin Biol Ther. 2006 Mar;6(3):243-55. Ino K, Shibata K, Kajiyama H, Nawa A, Nomura S, Kikkawa F. Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan. kazuino@med.nagoya-u.ac.jp Angiotensin II (Ang II), a main effector peptide in the renin-angiotensin system (RAS), plays a fundamental role as a vasoconstrictor in controlling cardiovascular function and renal homeostasis. Ang II also acts as a growth promoter or angiogenic factor via type 1 angiotensin II receptors (AT1Rs) in certain tumour cell lines. Recent studies have shown the activation of the local RAS in various tumour tissues, including the abundant generation of Ang II by angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) and the upregulation of AT1R expression. Thus, considerable attention has been paid to the role of the RAS in cancer and its blockade as a new approach to the treatment of cancer. There is increasing evidence that the Ang II-AT1R system is involved in tumour growth, angiogenesis and metastasis in experimental models, suggesting the therapeutic potential of an ACE inhibitor and AT1R blocker, both of which have been used as antihypertensive drugs. In addition, specific Ang II-degrading enzymes are expressed in tumours and play a regulatory role in cell proliferation and invasion. This review focuses on the role of the Ang II-AT1R system in solid tumours, particularly in the progression of gynaecological cancer, and presents the clinical potential of manipulating the angiotensin system as a novel and promising strategy for cancer treatment Curr Vasc Pharmacol. 2004 Oct;2(4):385-99. Escobar E, RodrÃguez-Reyna TS, Arrieta O, Sotelo J. Neuroimmunology Unit, National Institute of Neurology and Neurosurgery of Mexico, Insurgentes Sur 3877, 14269 Mexico City, Mexico. Angiotensin II (ANG II) is the main effector peptide in the renin-angiotensin system. It is generated by the activation of Angiotensin I through the Angiotensin II Converter Enzyme (ACE II). ANG II has multiple physiologic effects that regulate vascular tone, hormone secretion, tissue growth and neural activity. It has systemic (endocrine) and local (paracrine and autocrine) effects, favoring cell growth and differentiation through four types of receptors from which types 1 and 2 (AT(1) and AT(2)) are the most important. Stimulation of AT(1) leads to the activation of intracellular pathways that finally lead to vasoconstriction, inflammation and proliferation. The AT(2) receptor is mainly expressed in fetal tissue and scantly in the cardiovascular system under different circumstances. Its effects are opposite to those of the AT(1). The stimulation of AT(1) activates second messengers that lead to a rapid production of diacylglycerol and 1-4-5-inositol triphosphate, as well as to the activation of C protein. Several reports indicate that ANG II can induce neovascularization in experimental systems due to the expression of different growth factors such as angiopoietin 2, vascular endothelial factor, and its receptor, fibroblast growth factor, platelet derived growth factor, transforming growth factor beta and epidermal growth factor. Other mechanisms associated with ANG II induced angiogenesis are nitric oxide synthase and metalloproteinase expression, as well as inflammation induction. Angiogenesis is a fundamental process to tissue repair and development, and it participates in several pathologic processes. In addition, the AT(1) receptor is expressed in many malignant neoplasms and its blockade through ECA II inhibitors and ANG II antagonists has shown antineoplastic activity as well as angiogenesis inhibition in tumoral experimental models. This review discusses the mechanisms by which ANG II participates in neoplastic and non-neoplastic tissue angiogenesis and its possible therapeutic implication Curr Pharm Des. 2003;9(9):751-61. Molteni A, Ward WF, Ts'ao CH, Taylor J, Small W Jr, Brizio-Molteni L, Veno PA. Department of Pathology, University of Missouri at Kansas City School of Medicine, 64108, USA. moltenia@umkc.edu Angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors and angiotensin II (AII) type 1 receptor antagonists have strong cytostatic properties on in vitro cultures of many normal and neoplastic cells. They are effective, in particular, in reducing the growth of human lung fibroblasts, renal canine epithelial cells, bovine adrenal endothelial cells, simian T lymphocytes, and of neoplastic cell lines derived from human neuroblastomas, a ductal pancreatic carcinoma of the Syrian hamsters, human salivary glands adenocarcinomas, and two lines of human breast adenocarcinomas. ACE inhibitors are also effective in protecting lungs, kidneys and bladders from the development of nephropathy, pneumopathy, cystitis, and eventually fibrosis in different models of organ-induced damage such as exposure to radiation, chronic hypoxia, administration of the alkaloid monocrotaline or bladder ligation. ACE inhibitors and AII type 1 receptor antagonists are also effective in reducing excessive vascular neoformation in a model of injury to the cornea of rats and rabbits, and in controlling the excessive angiogenesis observed in the Solt-Farber model of experimentally induced hepatoma, in methylcholantrene or radiation-induced fibrosarcomas, in radiation-induced squamous cell carcinomas and in the MA-16 viral-induced mammary carcinoma of the mouse. Captopril was, in addition, effective in controlling tumor growth in a case of Kaposi's sarcoma in humans. The inhibition of AII synthesis and/or its blockade by AII receptors is likely to be an important mechanism for this cytostatic action. The mitogenic effect of AII is well established and a reduction of AII synthesis may well explain cell and neoplasm delayed growth. Moreover, AII regulates and enhances the activity of several growth factors including transforming growth factor B (TGFB) and smooth muscle actin (SMA); and many of these factors are reduced in tissues of animals treated with ACE inhibitors and AII type 1 receptor antagonists. These processes seem to be particularly relevant in the control of fibroblast growth and in the control of the ensuing fibrosis. The ACE inhibitors containing a sulphydril (SH) or thiol radical in their moiety (Captopril and CL242817) seemed to be more effective in controlling fibrosis and the growth of some neoplastic cells than those ACE inhibitors without this thiol radical in their structure, even if the second group of these drugs show in vitro a stronger inhibitory effect on converting enzyme activity. Pharmacologically it is known that ACE inhibitors containing a thiol radical also have antioxidant properties and they are efficient in controlling metalloproteinase action. However, although these additional properties are pharmacologically relevant, the blockade of AII synthesis plays an essential role in the cytostatic activity of these two categories of drugs. These observations underline that in addition to the beneficial effect of these drugs on the cardiovascular system, new potential applications are opening for their wider deployment Anticancer Agents Med Chem. 2006 Sep;6(5):451-60. Molteni A, Heffelfinger S, Moulder JE, Uhal B, Castellani WJ. University of Missouri-Kansas City School of Medicine, Kansas City Missouri, USA. MolteniA@umkc.edu There is significant evidence that both angiotensin I converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEI) and type 1 and type 2 angiotensin 2 (A2) receptor blockers may inhibit tumor growth. The finding is supported by many reports where these two classes of drugs showed cytostatic effects on the cultures of several lines of both normal and neoplastic cells. These drugs often transformed the cellular biochemical structures, especially in neoplastic cell lines. The same drugs also delayed the growth of different types of tumors in a variety of experimental animals (breast and lung carcinoma in mice; sarcomas, squamous cell carcinomas and hepatocellular carcinomas in rats), and there are a few reports of successful treatment of a limited number of cases of Kaposi sarcoma and gliomas with these drugs. Retrospective studies in hypertensive subjects treated with ACEI or A2 receptor blockers also seem to indicate that the incidence and growth of different neoplasms was delayed when these patients were compared to hypertensive patients receiving alternate medications. There is strong indication that the pharmacologic effect of these drugs may be exerted by reduction or inhibition of the synthesis of angiotensin 2. A2 is a powerful mitogen and its effect on cellular growth is exerted through stimulation of many factors, including transforming growth factor beta (TGFbeta), epidermal growth factor (EGF), smooth muscle actin (SMA), and tyrosine kinase. A2 also regulates apoptotic mechanisms and angiogenesis. The pharmacologic action of most of these drugs, however, is not necessarily limited to downregulaton of A2. Many ACEI, especially those containing the sulfhydryl (SH group), possess antioxidant or metalloprotease inhibitory properties per se. These experimental and retrospective data justify clinical testing of these drugs in appropriate randomized trials. Several such trials are currently in process. If these trials confirm the experimental and retrospective studies, these agents will provide a significant contribution to the therapeutic treatment of many malignancies in humans. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol. 2009 Oct;135(10):1429-35. Epub 2009 Apr 28. Wilop S, von Hobe S, Crysandt M, Esser A, Osieka R, Jost E. Medizinische Klinik IV, Universitaetsklinikum Aachen, RWTH Aachen, Pauwelsstrasse 30, 52074 Aachen, Germany. swilop@ukaachen.de PURPOSE: The renin-angiotensin system plays a crucial role in maintaining vascular homeostasis. Stimulation of angiotensin II type 1 receptors (AT1R) acts proangiogenically by increasing levels of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). Consequently, cell culture experiments and animal studies have shown antiproliferative effects of AT1R blockers (ARB) and angiotensin I converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEI) in several malignancies. Until now, very limited clinical data for this antiangiogenic effect exists for combinations with antineoplastic chemotherapy. METHODS: A total of 287 patients with advanced non-small-cell lung cancer undergoing first-line platinum-based chemotherapy were retrospectively analysed regarding long-term medication with ACEI and ARB as well as histological type, stage, performance status, gender, age, dose-intensity of chemotherapy and survival. RESULTS: Patients receiving either ACEI or ARB had a 3.1 months longer median survival than non-recipients (11.7 vs. 8.6 months, HR 0.56, P = 0.03). This survival advantage could not be attributed to other established risk-factors or dose intensity of chemotherapy. CONCLUSIONS: Addition of ACEI or ARB to platinum-based first-line chemotherapy may contribute to prolonged survival in patients with advanced lung cancer. Med Hypotheses. 2002 Sep;59(3):344-8. Abali H, Güllü IH, Engin H, HaznedaroÄlu IC, Erman M, Tekuzman G. Division of Medical Oncology, Hacettepe University School of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey. habali@hacettepe.edu.tr Angiogenesis, cellular growth and invasion of a cancer cell are attractive targets for new treatment strategies of malignancies in recent years. The evidences are accumulating that ACE inhibitors and angiotensin II type 1 antagonists could be novel anti-angiogenic, anti-invasive, and even anti-growth agents against neoplastic tissues: The renin-angiotensin system promotes angiogenesis directly or indirectly and growth of neoplastic cell. Some tumors carry angiotensin II type 1 receptors. Angiotensin II antagonists and angiotensin-I-converting enzyme inhibitors have shown some anti-neoplastic actions. Angiotensin II receptor blocker losartan antagonises platelets, which are thought to modulate via vascular endothelial growth factor. They may even protect the patient from the major toxicity of chemotherapy and/or radiotherapy, myelotoxicity, enabling us to give higher doses and end up with higher success rate. We believe that these agents can be useful on clinical grounds and suggest their incorporation into clinical studies.Angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors for cancer treatment?
Abstract
Manipulating the angiotensin system--new approaches to the treatment of solid tumours.
Abstract
Angiotensin II, cell proliferation and angiogenesis regulator: biologic and therapeutic implications in cancer.
Abstract
Cytostatic properties of some angiotensin I converting enzyme inhibitors and of angiotensin II type I receptor antagonists.
Abstract
Potential deployment of angiotensin I converting enzyme inhibitors and of angiotensin II type 1 and type 2 receptor blockers in cancer chemotherapy.
Abstract
Impact of angiotensin I converting enzyme inhibitors and angiotensin II type 1 receptor blockers on survival in patients with advanced non-small-cell lung cancer undergoing first-line platinum-based chemotherapy.
Abstract
Old antihypertensives as novel antineoplastics: angiotensin-I-converting enzyme inhibitors and angiotensin II type 1 receptor antagonists.
Abstract
head history
See also: purchase cialis | cheap cialis |
i am a chronic headache sufferer and have been for about 14 years. i go through phases where i don't have many headaches, and then phases where it seems like my head hurts ALL the time. some of the headaches are pretty dull and others are unbelievably debilitating. when i first noticed i was getting frequent headaches in 7th grade, my doctor told me they were probably tension headaches. then, a few years down the road, i started getting migraines. i saw neurologists but was never able to find any relief from them. there are times when i know i'm going to get a headache (if i eat a lot of chocolate or drink wine, and if the atmospheric pressure changes) but lots of times i get them for no reason at all. a couple of years ago i went to see a "headache and pain" specialist. after getting an MRI (something i've had done a million times over the years) he informed me that i have occipital neuralgia. so that explains why migraine treatments never really worked for me.
the headaches i had when i was younger probably were tension headaches, but when i was 14 i was in a car accident where i hit my head on the windshield. that most certainly caused the damage to my occipital nerve. several years later i was in another accident where the car i was riding in was rear-ended by someone driving about 70mph. i didn't hit my head that time but that accident mostly likely caused even more damage.
when i was 16 i had a seizure while waiting in line for the master blaster at schlitterbahn. i had never had a seizure before and went through several tests that summer to try to find a cause for it. we never found out what caused it and i haven't had one since then. i have, however, had at least two transient ischemic attacks. i also had some strange episode when i was in pre-school but i don't really know what that was. i actually have a vague recollection of that day but i have no idea what was happening to me.
so, my head is sort of a mystery. the diagnoses of occipital neuralgia was helpful but the treatments are awful. a cost/benefit analysis of the treatments led me to stop receiving them. and by cost, i mean, the amount of pain it caused me. it is an awful, awful experience. however, i've been having some really terrible headaches recently and i've considered starting the treatments again. ugh, i just don't know. i wish there was an easy solution to this condition that i've been suffering from for so many years.
the headaches i had when i was younger probably were tension headaches, but when i was 14 i was in a car accident where i hit my head on the windshield. that most certainly caused the damage to my occipital nerve. several years later i was in another accident where the car i was riding in was rear-ended by someone driving about 70mph. i didn't hit my head that time but that accident mostly likely caused even more damage.
when i was 16 i had a seizure while waiting in line for the master blaster at schlitterbahn. i had never had a seizure before and went through several tests that summer to try to find a cause for it. we never found out what caused it and i haven't had one since then. i have, however, had at least two transient ischemic attacks. i also had some strange episode when i was in pre-school but i don't really know what that was. i actually have a vague recollection of that day but i have no idea what was happening to me.
so, my head is sort of a mystery. the diagnoses of occipital neuralgia was helpful but the treatments are awful. a cost/benefit analysis of the treatments led me to stop receiving them. and by cost, i mean, the amount of pain it caused me. it is an awful, awful experience. however, i've been having some really terrible headaches recently and i've considered starting the treatments again. ugh, i just don't know. i wish there was an easy solution to this condition that i've been suffering from for so many years.