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Multidimensional energy poverty and health outcomes in Vietnam: An empirical analysis of hospitalization and pathways

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  • Nguyen-Phung, Hang Thu
  • Le, Hai

Abstract

We draw on Maslow’s hierarchy of needs to conceptualize energy poverty as a disruption of basic physiological and safety requirements—such as adequate heating, clean water, and nutrition—that increases vulnerability to disease and raises healthcare utilization. Using the 2016 Vietnam Household Living Standard Survey, we construct a multidimensional measure of energy poverty and provide causal evidence of its effect on hospitalization admissions. To address endogeneity, we employ a two-stage least squares strategy, instrumenting energy poverty with information and communication technology infrastructure. Results show that energy poverty significantly increases hospitalization rates, partly through lifestyle risk behaviors and lower living standards. Findings are robust to alternative measures and instruments. By focusing on Vietnam, our study uncovers the health burden of energy deprivation in developing countries and highlights the urgency of achieving Sustainable Development Goal 7 (SDG7).

Suggested Citation

  • Nguyen-Phung, Hang Thu & Le, Hai, 2025. "Multidimensional energy poverty and health outcomes in Vietnam: An empirical analysis of hospitalization and pathways," Economic Analysis and Policy, Elsevier, vol. 88(C), pages 2031-2048.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:ecanpo:v:88:y:2025:i:c:p:2031-2048
    DOI: 10.1016/j.eap.2025.10.031

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    Keywords

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    JEL classification:

    • D10 - Microeconomics - - Household Behavior - - - General
    • I10 - Health, Education, and Welfare - - Health - - - General
    • I15 - Health, Education, and Welfare - - Health - - - Health and Economic Development
    • O10 - Economic Development, Innovation, Technological Change, and Growth - - Economic Development - - - General
    • O18 - Economic Development, Innovation, Technological Change, and Growth - - Economic Development - - - Urban, Rural, Regional, and Transportation Analysis; Housing; Infrastructure

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