Wiktionary

迎

迎 U+8FCE, 迎
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-8FCE
← 迍
[U+8FCD] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 迏 →
[U+8FCF]

Translingual

edit
Stroke order
 

Han character

edit

迎 (Kangxi radical 162, 辵+4, 8 strokes in traditional Chinese and Korean, 7 strokes in mainland China and Japanese, Cangjie input 卜竹女中 (YHVL), four-corner 37302, composition ⿺辶卬)

Derived characters

edit

References

edit
  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 1254, character 3
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 38748
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1736, character 13
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 6, page 3821, character 9
  • Unihan data for U+8FCE

Chinese

edit

Glyph origin

edit
Historical forms of the character 迎
Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts
   
Characters in the same phonetic series (卬) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
卬 *ŋaːŋ, *ŋaŋʔ
枊 *ŋaːŋ, *ŋaːŋs
昂 *ŋaːŋ
仰 *ŋaŋʔ, *ŋaŋs
迎 *ŋaŋ, *ŋraŋs

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *ŋaŋ, *ŋraŋs): semantic 辶 + phonetic 卬 (OC *ŋaːŋ, *ŋaŋʔ).

Etymology

edit

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *ŋra-k/ŋ (“to meet; to encounter”). Cognate with Burmese ငြင်း (ngrang:, “to refuse to obey; to argue”). Within Chinese, it is related to:

  • 禦 (OC *ŋaʔ, *ŋas, “to defend”)
  • 迕 (OC *ŋaːs, “to meet; to go against”)
  • 迓 (OC *ŋraːs, “to receive; to defend”)
  • 溯 (OC *sŋaːɡs, “to go upstream”)
  • 逆 (OC *ŋraɡ, “to greet; to go against; to resist”)

Pronunciation 1

edit
trad. 迎
simp. # 迎
2nd round simp. 迊
Note:
  • ngiàng - vernacular (“to parade through the streets; to become dry; to stick up”);
  • ngìng - literary (“to welcome, to meet; to face; to flatter”).
Note:
  • ngia2 - vernacular (“to carry on hands or shoulders”);
  • ngyng2 - vernacular;
  • nging2 - literary.
Note:
  • ngiâ - vernacular (“to parade through the streets; to meet, to greet”);
  • gêng - literary.
Note:
  • ngêng5 - Shantou;
  • ngiêng5 - Chaozhou.
Rime
Character 迎
Reading # 1/2
Initial (聲) 疑 (31)
Final (韻) 庚 (111)
Tone (調) Level (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) III
Fanqie 語京切
Baxter ngjaeng
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/ŋˠiæŋ/
Pan
Wuyun 		/ŋᵚiaŋ/
Shao
Rongfen 		/ŋiaŋ/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/ŋiajŋ/
Li
Rong 		/ŋiɐŋ/
Wang
Li 		/ŋĭɐŋ/
Bernhard
Karlgren 		/ŋi̯ɐŋ/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		yíng
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		jing4
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 迎
Reading # 1/2
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin) 		yíng
Middle
Chinese 		‹ ngjæng ›
Old
Chinese 		/*ŋ<r>aŋ/
English go to meet

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 迎
Reading # 1/2
No. 34
Phonetic
component 		卬
Rime
group 		陽
Rime
subdivision 		0
Corresponding
MC rime 		迎
Old
Chinese 		/*ŋaŋ/

Definitions

edit

迎

  1. to receive; to welcome; to greet; to meet
    歡迎／欢迎  ―  huānyíng  ―  welcome
  2. to flatter; to ingratiate with
  3. to face; to go against; to do something in face of ...; to forge ahead
    迎著風跑／迎著风跑  ―  yíngzhe fēng pǎo  ―  to run against the wind
  4. (obsolete) to predict; to forecast
  5. (Min) to escort (a god, hero etc.) through the streets; to parade through the streets
  6. (Puxian Min) to carry on hands or shoulders
  7. (Eastern Min, of food) to become dry (due to exposure to the wind)
  8. (Eastern Min, of hair) to stick up; to become erect
  9. a surname
Usage notes
edit

In the sense to face, often followed by 著／着 (zhe).

Synonyms
edit
  • (to face):

Compounds

edit

Pronunciation 2

edit
trad. 迎
simp. # 迎
Rime
Character 迎
Reading # 2/2
Initial (聲) 疑 (31)
Final (韻) 庚 (111)
Tone (調) Departing (H)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) III
Fanqie 魚敬切
Baxter ngjaengH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/ŋˠiæŋH/
Pan
Wuyun 		/ŋᵚiaŋH/
Shao
Rongfen 		/ŋiaŋH/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/ŋiajŋH/
Li
Rong 		/ŋiɐŋH/
Wang
Li 		/ŋĭɐŋH/
Bernhard
Karlgren 		/ŋi̯ɐŋH/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		yìng
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		jing6
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 迎
Reading # 2/2
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin) 		yìng
Middle
Chinese 		‹ ngjængH ›
Old
Chinese 		/*ŋ<r>aŋ-s/
English go to meet

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 迎
Reading # 2/2
No. 35
Phonetic
component 		卬
Rime
group 		陽
Rime
subdivision 		0
Corresponding
MC rime 		迎
Old
Chinese 		/*ŋraŋs/

Definitions

edit

迎

  1. (obsolete) to prepare to greet a guest before their arrival
  2. 42nd tetragram of the Taixuanjing (𝌯)

Compounds

edit

Japanese

edit
Shinjitai 迎
Kyūjitai
[1]
迎󠄁
迎+&#xE0101;?
(Adobe-Japan1) 		 
迎󠄃
迎+&#xE0103;?
(Hanyo-Denshi)
(Moji_Joho)
The displayed kanji may be different from the image due to your environment.
See here for details.

Kanji

edit
迎

(Jōyō kanji)

  1. welcome
  2. to meet
  3. to greet

Readings

edit
  • Go-on: ぎょう (gyō)
  • Kan-on: げい (gei, Jōyō)
  • Kun: むかえる (mukaeru, 迎える, Jōyō)、むかえ (mukae, 迎え)

Etymology 1

edit
Kanji in this term
迎
むか(え)
Grade: S
kun'yomi

From 迎(むか)え (mukae, “meeting, greeting, welcoming”), the 連(れん)用(よう)形(けい) (ren'yōkei, “stem or continuative form”) of the verb 迎(むか)える (mukaeru, “to receive”). Ultimately from Proto-Japonic *muk- (“to face”).

Pronunciation

edit

Proper noun

edit

迎(むかえ) • (Mukae) ←むかへ (Mukafe)?

  1. a surname

Etymology 2

edit
Kanji in this term
迎
むか(い)
Grade: S
kun'yomi

Immediate derivation uncertain. May be from the 連(れん)用(よう)形(けい) (ren'yōkei, “stem or continuative form”) of the verb 向(む)かう (mukau, “to face”) or its nominalization 向(む)かい (mukai, “opposite side”), or may be an alteration of 迎(むかえ) (Mukae) above or one of its etyma. Ultimately from Proto-Japonic *muk- (“to face”).

Pronunciation

edit

Proper noun

edit

迎(むかい) • (Mukai) ←むかひ (Mukafi)?

  1. a surname

References

edit
  1. ^ “迎”, in 漢字ぺディア [Kanjipedia]‎[1] (in Japanese), The Japan Kanji Aptitude Testing Foundation, 2015–2026

Korean

edit

Hanja

edit

迎 (eumhun 맞을 영 (majeul yeong))

  1. hanja form? of 영 (“to meet; to greet; welcome”)

Vietnamese

edit

Han character

edit

迎: Hán Việt readings: nghênh[1][2][3][4][5], nghinh[2][3][5][6][7][8]
迎: Nôm readings: ngảnh[1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8], nghiêng[1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8], nghênh[1][2][3][4][5][7][8], nghểnh[4][5][8], ngoảnh[1], ngânh[6]

  1. chữ Hán form of nghênh (“(in compounds) to receive; to welcome”)
  2. chữ Nôm form of nghênh (“visibly self-confident or arrogant”)
  3. chữ Nôm form of nghiêng (“tilted, leaning, oblique”)
  4. chữ Nôm form of ngoảnh (“to turn one's head; to turn around”)

Compounds

edit

References

edit
  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 Nguyễn (2014).
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 Nguyễn et al. (2009).
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 Trần (2004).
  4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 4.3 4.4 Hồ (1976).
  5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 5.2 5.3 5.4 5.5 Bonet (1899).
  6. ↑ 6.0 6.1 6.2 6.3 Génibrel (1898).
  7. ↑ 7.0 7.1 7.2 7.3 Taberd & Pigneau de Béhaine (1838).
  8. ↑ 8.0 8.1 8.2 8.3 8.4 Takeuchi (1988).
Retrieved from "https://en.wiktionary.org/w/index.php?title=迎&oldid=90150753"