殉

殉 U+6B89, 殉 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-6B89 ← 殈 [U+6B88] CJK Unified Ideographs 殊 → [U+6B8A]

Translingual

Han character

殉 (Kangxi radical 78, 歹+6, 10 strokes, Cangjie input 一弓心日 (MNPA), four-corner 1722₀, composition ⿰歹旬)

References

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 580, character 22
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 16448
• Dae Jaweon: page 972, character 30
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 1386, character 6
• Unihan data for U+6B89

Chinese

trad.		殉
simp. #		殉
alternative forms		徇 狥 侚

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (匀) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

	Old Chinese
枃	*skins
笉	*skʰinʔ
郇	*ɡʷreːn, *sqʰʷin
絢	*qʰʷiːns
眴	*qʰʷiːns, *ɡʷiːns, *sqʰʷin, *qʰʷjins, *ŋʷjin
盷	*ɡʷiːn
訇	*ɡʷiːn, *qʰʷreːŋ
迿	*ɡʷiːns, *sqʰʷins
姰	*ɡʷiːns, *sqʰʷin
畇	*l'iːŋ, *sqʰʷin, *sɢʷin, *ɢʷin
荀	*sqʰʷin
詢	*sqʰʷin
洵	*sqʰʷin, *sɢʷin
恂	*sqʰʷin
峋	*sqʰʷin
珣	*sqʰʷin
槆	*sqʰʷin
筍	*sqʰʷinʔ
箰	*sqʰʷinʔ
旬	*sɢʷin
殉	*sɢʷins
徇	*sɢʷins
侚	*sɢʷins
均	*kʷin
鈞	*kʷin
袀	*kʷin
汮	*kʷin, *kʷrin
呁	*kʷins
筠	*ɡʷin
荺	*ɢʷin, *ɡʷinʔ
匀	*ɢʷin
韵	*ɢʷins
輷	*qʰʷreːŋ, *qʰʷreːŋs
揈	*qʰʷreːŋ
鍧	*qʰʷreːŋ
渹	*qʰʷreːŋ
赹	*ɡʷeŋ
憌	*ɡʷeŋ
惸	*ɡʷeŋ
咰	*sqʰʷrid

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *sɢʷins): semantic 歹 + phonetic 旬 (OC *sɢʷin).

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): xùn (xun⁴)

  (Zhuyin): ㄒㄩㄣˋ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): seon¹ / seon⁶
• Eastern Min (BUC): sŭng
• Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): song⁴ / suong⁴ / song⁵ / suong⁵
• Southern Min

  (Hokkien, POJ): sūn / sûn

  (Teochew, Peng'im): sung⁵

---

• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: xùn
    • Zhuyin: ㄒㄩㄣˋ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: syùn
    • Wade–Giles: hsün⁴
    • Yale: syùn
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shiunn
    • Palladius: сюнь (sjunʹ)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ɕyn⁵¹/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
    • Jyutping: seon¹ / seon⁶
    • Yale: sēun / seuhn
    • Cantonese Pinyin: soen¹ / soen⁶
    • Guangdong Romanization: sên¹ / sên⁶
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /sɵn⁵⁵/, /sɵn²²/
• Eastern Min
  • (Fuzhou)
    • Bàng-uâ-cê: sŭng
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /suŋ⁵⁵/
• Puxian Min
  • (Putian)
    • Pouseng Ping'ing: song⁴
    • Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: seo̍ng
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ɬɔŋ⁴²/
  • (Xianyou)
    • Pouseng Ping'ing: suong⁴
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ɬuoŋ⁴²/
  • (Putian)
    • Pouseng Ping'ing: song⁵
    • Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: seōng
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ɬɔŋ¹¹/
  • (Xianyou)
    • Pouseng Ping'ing: suong⁵
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ɬuoŋ²¹/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, variant in Taiwan)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: sūn
    • Tâi-lô: sūn
    • Phofsit Daibuun: sun
    • Sinological IPA (Quanzhou): /sun⁴¹/
    • Sinological IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /sun²²/
    • Sinological IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung): /sun³³/
  • (Hokkien: General Taiwanese)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: sûn
    • Tâi-lô: sûn
    • Phofsit Daibuun: suun
    • Sinological IPA (Taipei): /sun²⁴/
    • Sinological IPA (Kaohsiung): /sun²³/
  • (Teochew)
    • Peng'im: sung⁵
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: sûng
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /suŋ⁵⁵/

---

• Middle Chinese: zwinH

Rime
Character	殉
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	邪 (17)
Final (韻)	諄 (47)
Tone (調)	Departing (H)
Openness (開合)	Closed
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	辭閏切
Baxter	zwinH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ziuɪnH/
Pan Wuyun	/zʷinH/
Shao Rongfen	/zjuenH/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/zwinH/
Li Rong	/ziuĕnH/
Wang Li	/zĭuĕnH/
Bernhard Karlgren	/zi̯uĕnH/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	xùn
Expected Cantonese Reflex	seon6

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*s.[ɢ]ʷi[n]-s/

  (Zhengzhang): /*sɢʷins/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	殉
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	xùn
Middle Chinese	‹ zwinH ›
Old Chinese	/*s.[ɢ]ʷi[n]-s/
English	accompany in death
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	殉
Reading #	1/1
No.	16398
Phonetic component	匀
Rime group	眞
Rime subdivision	1
Corresponding MC rime	殉
Old Chinese	/*sɢʷins/

Definitions

殉

1. to be buried alive with the dead
2. to die for the cause of; to be a martyr for
3. (literary) to pursue

Compounds

• 以身殉國 / 以身殉国
• 以身殉職 / 以身殉职 (yǐshēnxùnzhí)
• 以身殉道
• 因公殉職 / 因公殉职 (yīngōngxùnzhí)
• 小人殉財 / 小人殉财
• 捐生殉國 / 捐生殉国
• 殉利
• 殉名
• 殉國 / 殉国
• 殉情 (xùnqíng)
• 殉情記 / 殉情记
• 殉教 (xùnjiào)
• 殉節 / 殉节 (xùnjié)
• 殉義 / 殉义
• 殉義忘生 / 殉义忘生
• 殉義忘身 / 殉义忘身
• 殉職 / 殉职 (xùnzhí)
• 殉葬 (xùnzàng)
• 殉葬品
• 殉財 / 殉财
• 殉身
• 殉道 (xùndào)
• 殉道者 (xùndàozhě)
• 殉難 / 殉难 (xùnnàn)

References

• 莆田市荔城区档案馆 [Putian City Licheng District Archives], editor (2022), “殉”, in 莆仙方言文读字汇 [Puxian Dialect Literary Reading Dictionary] (overall work in Mandarin and Puxian Min), page 272.

Japanese

Kanji

殉

(Jōyō kanji)

1. to die for a cause, martyr

Readings

• Go-on: じゅん (jun, Jōyō)
• Kan-on: しゅん (shun)
• Kun: したがう (shitagau, 殉う)

Korean

Hanja

殉 (eum 순 (sun))

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Vietnamese

Han character

殉: Hán Nôm readings: tuẫn

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.