Wiktionary

械

械 U+68B0, 械
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-68B0
← 梯
[U+68AF] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 梱 →
[U+68B1]

Translingual

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Han character

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械 (Kangxi radical 75, 木+7, 11 strokes, Cangjie input 木戈廿 (DIT), four-corner 43950, composition ⿰木戒)

References

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  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 531, character 3
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 14882
  • Dae Jaweon: page 919, character 4
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 1209, character 6
  • Unihan data for U+68B0

Chinese

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simp. and trad.
 械

Glyph origin

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Characters in the same phonetic series (戒) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
祴 *kɯː
駴 *ɡrɯːʔ
戒 *krɯːɡs
誡 *krɯːɡs
悈 *krɯːɡs, *kɯɡ
械 *ɡrɯːɡs
裓 *kɯːɡ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *ɡrɯːɡs): semantic 木 (“wood”) + phonetic 戒 (OC *krɯːɡs). The character originally represented the meaning of "handcuffs" or "shackles," and by extension, it came to be used to mean "device" or "mechanism."[1]

References

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  1. ^ Digital Shinjigen 2017

Pronunciation

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Note:
  • hāi - literary;
  • hâi - vernacular (俗).
    • Dialectal data
    Variety Location 械
    Mandarin Beijing /ɕiɛ⁵¹/
    /t͡ɕiɛ⁵¹/
    Harbin /t͡ɕiɛ⁵³/
    Tianjin /ɕie⁵³/
    Jinan /ɕiɛ²¹/
    Qingdao /ɕiɛ⁴²/
    Zhengzhou /t͡ɕiɛ³¹²/
    Xi'an /t͡ɕiɛ⁴⁴/
    Xining /t͡ɕi²¹³/
    Yinchuan /t͡ɕie¹³/
    Lanzhou /t͡ɕiə¹³/
    /t͡sɛ¹³/
    /kɛ¹³/
    Ürümqi /t͡ɕiɤ²¹³/
    Wuhan /kai³⁵/
    Chengdu /t͡ɕiai¹³/
    /kai¹³/
    Guiyang /t͡ɕie²¹³/ 新
    /kai²¹³/ 老
    Kunming /kæ²¹²/
    Nanjing /t͡ɕiɛ⁴⁴/
    Hefei /t͡ɕie̞⁵³/
    Jin Taiyuan /t͡ɕie⁴⁵/
    Pingyao /t͡ɕie̞³⁵/
    Hohhot /t͡ɕie⁵⁵/
    Wu Shanghai /ɦie²³/
    Suzhou /ɦiɪ³¹/
    Hangzhou /ɦie̞¹³/
    Wenzhou /ɦa²²/
    Hui Shexian /ka³²⁴/
    Tunxi /ka⁴²/
    Xiang Changsha /kai⁵⁵/
    Xiangtan /kai⁵⁵/
    Gan Nanchang
    Hakka Meixian /hai⁵³/
    Taoyuan /hɑi³¹/
    Cantonese Guangzhou /hai²²/
    Nanning /hai²²/
    Hong Kong /hai²²/
    Min Xiamen (Hokkien) /hai²²/
    Fuzhou (Eastern Min) /hɑi²⁴²/
    Jian'ou (Northern Min) /xai⁴⁴/
    Shantou (Teochew) /hai³⁵/
    Haikou (Hainanese) /kai³⁵/
    Rime
    Character 械
    Reading # 1/1
    Initial (聲) 匣 (33)
    Final (韻) 皆 (33)
    Tone (調) Departing (H)
    Openness (開合) Open
    Division (等) II
    Fanqie 胡介切
    Baxter heajH
    Reconstructions
    Zhengzhang
    Shangfang         		/ɦˠɛiH/
    Pan
    Wuyun         		/ɦᵚæiH/
    Shao
    Rongfen         		/ɣɐiH/
    Edwin
    Pulleyblank         		/ɦəɨjH/
    Li
    Rong         		/ɣɛiH/
    Wang
    Li         		/ɣɐiH/
    Bernhard
    Karlgren         		/ɣăiH/
    Expected
    Mandarin
    Reflex         		xiè
    Expected
    Cantonese
    Reflex         		haai6
    Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
    Character 械
    Reading # 1/1
    Modern
    Beijing
    (Pinyin)         		xiè
    Middle
    Chinese         		‹ hɛjH ›
    Old
    Chinese         		/*[m-k]ˁrək-s/
    English fetters; weapon

    Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

    * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
    * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
    * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
    * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

    * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
    Zhengzhang system (2003)
    Character 械
    Reading # 1/1
    No. 6547
    Phonetic
    component         		戒
    Rime
    group         		代
    Rime
    subdivision         		0
    Corresponding
    MC rime         		械
    Old
    Chinese         		/*ɡrɯːɡs/

    Definitions

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    械

    1. (literary) shackles; manacles
    2. weapons
    3. implements; instruments

    Compounds

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    Further reading

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    • “械”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎[1], 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–
    • 李如龙 [Li, Ru-long]; 刘福铸 [Liu, Fu-zhu]; 吴华英 [Wu, Hua-ying]; 黄国城 [Huang, Guo-cheng] (2019), “械”, in 莆仙方言调查报告 [Investigation Report on Puxian Dialect] (overall work in Mandarin and Puxian Min), Xiamen University Press, →ISBN, page 148.

    Japanese

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    Kanji

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    械

    (Fourth grade kyōiku kanji)

    1. contraption
    2. handcuffs

    Readings

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    • Go-on: げ (ge)
    • Kan-on: かい (kai, Jōyō)
    • Kun: かせ (kase, 械)、からくり (karakuri, 械)

    Etymology

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    Kanji in this term
    械
    かい
    Grade: 4
    kan'on

    From Middle Chinese 械 (MC heajH).

    Pronunciation

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    Affix

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    械(かい) • (kai) 

    1. machine; instrument; contraption
    2. fetter

    Noun

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    械(かい) • (kai) 

    1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

    References

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    Korean

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    Hanja

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    械 (eumhun 형틀 계 (hyeongteul gye))

    1. hanja form? of 계 (“weapons, instruments”)

    Vietnamese

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    Han character

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    械: Hán Nôm readings: giới

    1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
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