旦

See also: 𣄼 and 且

旦 U+65E6, 旦 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-65E6 ← 日 [U+65E5] CJK Unified Ideographs 旧 → [U+65E7]

Translingual

Stroke order

Han character

旦 (Kangxi radical 72, 日+1, 5 strokes, Cangjie input 日一 (AM), four-corner 6010₀, composition ⿱日一)

Derived characters

• 鴠, 㝵, 昜, 量, 鼂, 鼌, 亘, 查, 昼, 疍, 笪, 晝, 亶, 暨, 曁, 㡺, 疸, 䦔, 𧩙 (䜥)
• 但, 呾, 坦, 妲, 怛, 担, 泹, 狚, 㫜, 柦, 炟, 胆, 袒, 䋎, 䖧, 觛, 詚, 䞡, 鉭 (钽), 靼, 䱇, 䵣

Additional derived characters

• 𱐖, 𭖌, 𰐔, 𬇀, 𥘵, 𥅃, 𥑲, 𬘜, 𫅑, 𦤾, 𦨪, 𮙻, 𨀏, 𨈱, 𨠚, 𩈍, 𬃱, 𱇞, 𱈣, 𠿲, 𬖭
• 𠛣, 𠡎, 𩑰, 𱉗, 𰅊, 𢘇, 𣆞, 𱢀, 𣆽, 𪰬, 𬀼, 𱢭, 𣌛, 𣌚, 𦬹, 𭤘, 𤇁, 𩚃, 𦊥, 𡨵, 𣆟, 𣇇, 𡩉, 𰄼, 𡪏, 𤖛, 𥷛, 𪪤
• 𪝂, 𠏑, 𭎤, 𢳛, 𢺖, 𱨓, 𣊏, 𪲩, 𤙫, 𪼍, 𱯔, 𥚜, 𥛠, 𪒇, 𩽟, 𠡱, 𠢻, 𭕐, 𥟟, 𢄾, 𧵯, 𠣡, 𡫝, 𱫹, 𥧍, 𩆉, 𩼻

References

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 489, character 3
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 13734
• Dae Jaweon: page 850, character 1
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 1483, character 1
• Unihan data for U+65E6

Chinese

simp. and trad.		旦
alternative forms		𣅂

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 旦
Shang	Western Zhou	Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)	Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Oracle bone script	Bronze inscriptions	Small seal script	Transcribed ancient scripts

Characters in the same phonetic series (旦) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

	Old Chinese
皽	*tjaʀ, *tanʔ, *tjanʔ
担	*taːnʔ
胆	*daːn, *daːn
疸	*taːnʔ, *taːns
觛	*taːnʔ, *taːns, *daːnʔ
亶	*taːnʔ
嬗	*taːnʔ, *tʰaːn, *djans
笪	*taːnʔ, *taːns, *taːd
狚	*taːnʔ, *taːns, *taːd
旦	*taːns
鴠	*taːns
譠	*tʰaːn, *rteːn
坦	*tʰaːnʔ
但	*daːn, *daːnʔ, *daːns
檀	*daːn
壇	*daːn
儃	*daːn, *djan
驙	*daːn, *tan
袒	*daːnʔ, *rdeːns
襢	*daːnʔ, *tanʔ, *tans
繵	*daːnʔ
膻	*daːnʔ
澶	*daːns, *djan
邅	*tan, *danʔ, *dans
鱣	*tan
饘	*tjan, *tjanʔ
旜	*tjan
氈	*tjan
鸇	*tjan
顫	*tjans
蟺	*djanʔ
擅	*djans
羶	*hljan
呾	*taːd, *ʔraːd
怛	*taːd
妲	*taːd
靼	*taːd, *tjad
炟	*taːd

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *taːns): semantic 日 + phonetic 丁 (OC *rteːŋ, *teːŋ).

According to Shuowen Jiezi, the sun (日) appearing over the horizon (一). However, this version is not the original one and this interpretation belongs to folk etymology. This simplification is the same that appears in 正.

Unrelated to the top component of 得. Also unrelated to 查.

Etymology 1

Cognate with Chepang दारःदो (darʔ.do, “place of sunrise; in east”) (Schuessler, 2007). Unrelated to 丹 (OC *taːn, “cinnabar; red”).

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Standard)

  (Pinyin): dàn (dan⁴)

  (Zhuyin): ㄉㄢˋ

  (Xi'an, Guanzhong Pinyin): dān

• Cantonese

  (Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): daan³

  (Dongguan, Jyutping++): deng³

  (Taishan, Wiktionary): an¹

• Hakka

  (Sixian, PFS): tan

  (Hailu, HRS): dan^ˇ

  (Meixian, Guangdong): dan⁴

• Jin (Wiktionary): dan³
• Northern Min (KCR): dui̿ng
• Eastern Min (BUC): dáng
• Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): dang⁴ / dua⁴ / duann⁴
• Southern Min

  (Hokkien, POJ): tàn / tòaⁿ

  (Teochew, Peng'im): dang³

  (Leizhou, Leizhou Pinyin): dang³

• Wu (Wugniu)
  • (Northern): ⁵te / ⁵tae / ⁵taen / ⁵tan / ¹tae
  • (Jinhua): ⁵ta; ⁵tan
• Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): dan⁴

---

• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: dàn
    • Zhuyin: ㄉㄢˋ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: dàn
    • Wade–Giles: tan⁴
    • Yale: dàn
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: dann
    • Palladius: дань (danʹ)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /tän⁵¹/
  • (Xi'an)
    • Guanzhong Pinyin: dān
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /tã⁵⁵/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
    • Jyutping: daan³
    • Yale: daan
    • Cantonese Pinyin: daan³
    • Guangdong Romanization: dan³
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /taːn³³/
  • (Dongguan, Guancheng)
    • Jyutping++: deng³
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /tɛŋ³²/
  • (Taishanese, Taicheng)
    • Wiktionary: an¹
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /an³³/
• Hakka
  • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: tan
    • Hakka Romanization System: dan
    • Hagfa Pinyim: dan⁴
    • Sinological IPA: /tan⁵⁵/
  • (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
    • Hakka Romanization System: dan^ˇ
    • Sinological IPA: /tan¹¹/
  • (Meixian)
    • Guangdong: dan⁴
    • Sinological IPA: /tan⁵³/
• Jin
  • (Taiyuan)⁺
    • Wiktionary: dan³
    • Sinological IPA (old-style): /tæ̃⁴⁵/
• Northern Min
  • (Jian'ou)
    • Kienning Colloquial Romanized: dui̿ng
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /tuiŋ³³/
• Eastern Min
  • (Fuzhou)
    • Bàng-uâ-cê: dáng
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /tɑŋ²¹³/
• Puxian Min
  • (Putian, Donghai, Xianyou, Youyang)
    • Pouseng Ping'ing: dang⁴
    • Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: da̍ng
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /taŋ⁴²/
  • (Putian)
    • Pouseng Ping'ing: dua⁴
    • Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: dua̍ⁿ
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /tua⁴²/
  • (Donghai, Xianyou, Youyang)
    • Pouseng Ping'ing: duann⁴
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /tũã⁴²/

Note:

• dang4 - literary;
• dua4/duann4 - vernacular (used in 今旦).

• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, Jinjiang, General Taiwanese)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: tàn
    • Tâi-lô: tàn
    • Phofsit Daibuun: daxn
    • Sinological IPA (Taipei): /tan¹¹/
    • Sinological IPA (Quanzhou, Jinjiang): /tan⁴¹/
    • Sinological IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Kaohsiung): /tan²¹/
  • (Hokkien: Quanzhou, General Taiwanese)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: tòaⁿ
    • Tâi-lô: tuànn
    • Phofsit Daibuun: dvoax
    • Sinological IPA (Quanzhou): /tuã⁴¹/
    • Sinological IPA (Taipei): /tuã¹¹/
    • Sinological IPA (Kaohsiung): /tuã²¹/

Note:

• tàn - literary;
• tòaⁿ - vernacular (used in 今旦).

• (Teochew)
  • Peng'im: dang³
  • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: tàng
  • Sinological IPA ^(key): /taŋ²¹³/
• (Leizhou)
  • Leizhou Pinyin: dang³
  • Sinological IPA: /taŋ²¹/
• Wu
  • (Northern: Shanghai, Suzhou)
    • Wugniu: ⁵te
    • MiniDict: te^去
    • Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ²te
    • Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /te³⁴/
    • Sinological IPA (Suzhou): /te⁵²³/
  • (Northern: Jiading, Songjiang, Chongming, Changzhou, Jiaxing, Zhoushan)
    • Wugniu: ⁵tae
    • MiniDict: tae^去
    • Sinological IPA (Jiading): /te³⁴/
    • Sinological IPA (Songjiang): /ɗɛ³⁵/
    • Sinological IPA (Chongming): /tæ³³/
    • Sinological IPA (Changzhou): /tɛ⁵²³/
    • Sinological IPA (Jiaxing): /tɛ³³⁴/
    • Sinological IPA (Zhoushan): /tɛ⁴⁴/
  • (Northern: Hangzhou, Shaoxing)
    • Wugniu: ⁵taen
    • MiniDict: taen^去
    • MiniDict: taeon^去
    • Sinological IPA (Hangzhou): /tẽ̞⁴⁵/
    • Sinological IPA (Shaoxing): /tæ̃³³/
  • (Northern: Fuyang)
    • Wugniu: ⁵tan
    • Sinological IPA (Fuyang): /tã³³⁵/
  • (Northern: Ningbo)
    • Wugniu: ¹tae
    • MiniDict: tae^平
    • Sinological IPA (Ningbo): /tɛ⁵²/
  • (Jinhua)
    • Wugniu: ⁵ta; ⁵tan
    • Sinological IPA (Jinhua): /tɑ⁵⁵/, /tã⁵⁵/
• Xiang
  • (Changsha)
    • Wiktionary: dan⁴
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /tan⁴⁵/

---

• Middle Chinese: tanH

Rime
Character	旦
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	端 (5)
Final (韻)	寒 (61)
Tone (調)	Departing (H)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	I
Fanqie	得按切
Baxter	tanH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/tɑnH/
Pan Wuyun	/tɑnH/
Shao Rongfen	/tɑnH/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/tanH/
Li Rong	/tɑnH/
Wang Li	/tɑnH/
Bernhard Karlgren	/tɑnH/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	dàn
Expected Cantonese Reflex	daan3

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*tˤan-s/

  (Zhengzhang): /*taːns/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	旦
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	dàn
Middle Chinese	‹ tanH ›
Old Chinese	/*tˁan-s/
English	dawn
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	旦
Reading #	1/1
No.	2051
Phonetic component	旦
Rime group	元
Rime subdivision	1
Corresponding MC rime	旦
Old Chinese	/*taːns/

Definitions

旦

1. (literary) early morning; dawn

   通宵達旦／通宵达旦  ―  tōngxiāodádàn  ―  all the night until dawn

2. (literary) day

   旦旦  ―  dàndàn  ―  every day

3. first day of a lunar month

Compounds

• 一旦 (yīdàn)
• 五旦七調 / 五旦七调
• 信誓旦旦 (xìnshìdàndàn)
• 元旦 (yuándàn)
• 危在旦夕 (wēizàidànxī)
• 只爭旦夕 / 只争旦夕
• 吉旦 (jídàn)
• 命在旦夕
• 坐以待旦
• 坐而待旦
• 城旦
• 巴旦杏 (bādànxìng)
• 平旦
• 待旦
• 復旦 / 复旦
• 戒旦
• 撒旦 (Sādàn)
• 文旦 (wéndàn)
• 旦夕 (dànxī)
• 旦夕之危
• 旦夕之費 / 旦夕之费
• 旦夕禍福 / 旦夕祸福
• 旦日 (dànrì)
• 旦旦 (dàndàn)
• 旦旦信誓 (dàndànxìnshì)
• 旦旦而伐
• 旦明 (dànmíng)
• 旦晚
• 旦晝 / 旦昼
• 旦暮 (dànmù)
• 旦暮朝夕
• 旦會 / 旦会
• 旦望
• 旭旦
• 明旦 (míngdàn)
• 昧旦 (mèidàn)
• 昧旦晨興 / 昧旦晨兴
• 月旦 (yuèdàn)
• 月旦評 / 月旦评 (yuèdànpíng)
• 枕戈待旦
• 毀於一旦 / 毁于一旦 (huǐyúyīdàn)
• 汝南月旦
• 申旦
• 申旦達夕 / 申旦达夕
• 禍在旦夕 / 祸在旦夕
• 秉燭達旦 / 秉烛达旦
• 穀旦 / 谷旦 (gǔdàn)
• 約旦 / 约旦 (Yuēdàn)
• 約旦河 / 约旦河 (Yuēdànhé)
• 考旦
• 詰旦 / 诘旦
• 通宵達旦 / 通宵达旦 (tōngxiāodádàn)
• 達旦 / 达旦 (dádàn)
• 震旦 (Zhèndàn)
• 震旦方向
• 鶡旦 / 鹖旦 (hédàn)

Etymology 2

A post-classical word. (This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): dàn (dan⁴)

  (Zhuyin): ㄉㄢˋ

• Cantonese

  (Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): daan^3-2

  (Taishan, Wiktionary): an^1*

• Hakka

  (Sixian, PFS): tan

  (Hailu, HRS): dan^ˇ

  (Meixian, Guangdong): dan⁴

• Southern Min

  (Hokkien, POJ): tòaⁿ

  (Teochew, Peng'im): duan³

---

• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: dàn
    • Zhuyin: ㄉㄢˋ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: dàn
    • Wade–Giles: tan⁴
    • Yale: dàn
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: dann
    • Palladius: дань (danʹ)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /tän⁵¹/
      
  • (Standard Chinese, erhua-ed)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: dànr
    • Zhuyin: ㄉㄢˋㄦ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: dànr
    • Wade–Giles: tan⁴-ʼrh
    • Yale: dànr
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: dall
    • Palladius: даньр (danʹr)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /tɑɻ⁵¹/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
    • Jyutping: daan^3-2
    • Yale: dáan
    • Cantonese Pinyin: daan^3-2
    • Guangdong Romanization: dan^3-2
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /taːn³³⁻³⁵/
  • (Taishanese, Taicheng)
    • Wiktionary: an^1*
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /an³³⁻³³⁵/
• Hakka
  • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: tan
    • Hakka Romanization System: dan
    • Hagfa Pinyim: dan⁴
    • Sinological IPA: /tan⁵⁵/
  • (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
    • Hakka Romanization System: dan^ˇ
    • Sinological IPA: /tan¹¹/
  • (Meixian)
    • Guangdong: dan⁴
    • Sinological IPA: /tan⁵³/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, Jinjiang, General Taiwanese)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: tòaⁿ
    • Tâi-lô: tuànn
    • Phofsit Daibuun: dvoax
    • Sinological IPA (Quanzhou, Jinjiang): /tuã⁴¹/
    • Sinological IPA (Taipei): /tuã¹¹/
    • Sinological IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Kaohsiung): /tuã²¹/

Note: tòaⁿ - vernacular.

• • (Teochew)
    • Peng'im: duan³
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: tuàⁿ
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /tũã²¹³/

Definitions

旦

1. (Chinese opera) female character, particularly a lead role, in a traditional Chinese opera
2. (Chinese opera) actor or actress known for playing such characters

Related terms

• 生 (shēng, “male role”)
• 淨／净 (jìng, “painted-face role”)
• 丑 (chǒu, “clown role”)

Compounds

• 丑旦
• 乾旦 / 干旦 (qiándàn)
• 優旦 / 优旦
• 刀馬旦 / 刀马旦 (dāomǎdàn)
• 刺旦
• 刺殺旦 / 刺杀旦
• 副旦
• 卜旦
• 坤旦
• 外旦
• 大旦
• 妝旦 / 妆旦
• 小旦
• 彩旦 (cǎidàn)
• 悲旦
• 戲旦 / 戏旦
• 捧茶旦
• 摇旦
• 搽旦
• 旦倈 / 旦俫
• 旦兒 / 旦儿
• 旦脚
• 旦色
• 旦角 (dànjué)
• 正旦 (zhèngdàn)
• 武旦 (wǔdàn)
• 浪旦
• 烏衫旦 / 乌衫旦
• 玩笑旦
• 生旦淨丑 / 生旦净丑
• 當家花旦 / 当家花旦 (dāngjiāhuādàn)
• 禾旦
• 粧旦色 / 妆旦色
• 細旦 / 细旦
• 老旦
• 色旦
• 花旦 (huādàn)
• 苦旦
• 藝旦 / 艺旦 (yìdàn)
• 裝旦 / 装旦
• 貼旦 / 贴旦
• 閨門旦 / 闺门旦
• 阿旦
• 青衣旦 (qīngyīdàn)
• 鬧小旦 / 闹小旦
• 魂旦

Etymology 3

A sign reading 鸡旦炒饭 ("[chicken] egg fried rice"), which uses 旦 instead of 蛋

For pronunciation and definitions of 旦 – see 蛋 (“egg; egg-shaped object; etc.”). (This character is the second-round simplified form of 蛋).

Notes: Simplified Chinese is mainly used in Mainland China, Malaysia, and Singapore. Traditional Chinese is mainly used in Hong Kong, Macau, and Taiwan.

Usage notes

May still be used as a shorthand.

Etymology 4

For pronunciation and definitions of 旦 – see 今 (“now”). (This character is a variant form of 今).

Japanese

Kanji

旦

(Jōyō kanji)

1. morning
2. dawn

Readings

• Go-on: たん (tan, Jōyō)
• Kan-on: たん (tan, Jōyō)
• Kan’yō-on: だん (dan, Jōyō)
• Kun: あした (ashita, 旦)
• Nanori: あき (aki)、あきら (akira)、あけ (ake)、あさ (asa)、ただし (tadashi)

Compounds

• 旦過(たんが) (tanga)
• 旦(たん)夕(せき) (tanseki): sooner or later; imminent
• 旦暮(たんぼ) (tanbo)
• 旦那(だんな) (danna)
• 一旦(いったん) (ittan)
• 元(がん)旦(たん) (gantan): New Year's Day
• 月旦(げったん) (gettan)
• 文旦(ぶんたん) (buntan)

References

• “^△旦”, in 漢字ぺディア [Kanjipedia]‎^[1] (in Japanese), The Japan Kanji Aptitude Testing Foundation, 2015–2026

Korean

Etymology

From Middle Chinese 旦 (MC tanH). Recorded as Middle Korean 단〯 (tǎn) (Yale: tan) in Hunmong Jahoe (訓蒙字會 / 훈몽자회), 1527.

Hanja

旦 (eumhun 아침 단 (achim dan))

1. hanja form^? of 단 (“early morning; dawn”)

Compounds

• 단명 (旦明, danmyeong)
• 단석 (旦夕, danseok)
• 일단 (一旦, ildan)

References

• 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典. [2]

Vietnamese

Han character

旦: Hán Việt readings: đán
旦: Nôm readings: đắn, đến, dán, trán

1. chữ Hán form of đán
   1. (only in compounds) morning, dawn
   2. (only in compounds) day
2. chữ Nôm form of dán (“to paste; to glue”)
3. chữ Nôm form of đắn (“used in đắn đo (“to ponder choices, to weigh the pros and cons”)”)
4. chữ Nôm form of đến (“to arrive, to come”)
5. chữ Nôm form of trán (“forehead”)