Wiktionary

名

See also: 各
名 U+540D, 名
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-540D
← 同
[U+540C] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 后 →
[U+540E]

㊔ U+3294, ㊔
CIRCLED IDEOGRAPH NAME
← ㊓
[U+3293] 		Enclosed CJK Letters and Months ㊕ →
[U+3295]

Translingual

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Stroke order
 
Stroke order
 

Han character

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名 (Kangxi radical 30, 口+3, 6 strokes, Cangjie input 弓戈口 (NIR), four-corner 27600, composition ⿱夕口)

Derived characters

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Additional Derived Characters

Further reading

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  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 175, character 9
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 3297
  • Dae Jaweon: page 391, character 2
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 582, character 6
  • Unihan data for U+540D

Chinese

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trad. 名
simp. # 名

Glyph origin

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Historical forms of the character 名
Shang Western Zhou Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Oracle bone script Bronze inscriptions Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts
       
Characters in the same phonetic series (名) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
名 *meŋ
洺 *meŋ
眳 *meŋʔ, *meːŋʔ
詺 *meŋs
銘 *meːŋ
茗 *meːŋʔ
酩 *meːŋʔ
姳 *meːŋʔ

Ideogrammic compound (會意 / 会意): 夕 (“crescent moon”) + 口 (“mouth”) — to say one's own name to identify oneself in the dark.

An alternative theory has been proposed based on Shang era texts. 口 was originally used to write both 口 and 名. 夕 standing for what later came to be written 明, was added as a phonetic indicator to disambiguate the two meanings.

Etymology

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From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *r-meŋ (“name”). Cognate with Tibetan མིང (ming), Burmese အမည် (a.many), and Mizo hming.

Pronunciation

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Note:
  • ming4 - literary;
  • meng4(-2) - vernacular.
Note:
  • men3 - literary;
  • miang3* - vernacular.
Note:
  • miang4 - vernacular;
  • min4 - literary.
Note:
  • miàng - vernacular;
  • mìng - literary.
Note:
  • mia2/mie2 - vernacular;
  • ming2 - literary.
Note:
  • miâ - vernacular (“name; given name; reputation; classifier for place”);
  • bêng - literary.
Note:
  • mian5 - vernacular;
  • mêng5 - literary.
    • (Leizhou)
      • Leizhou Pinyin: mia5 / ming5
      • Sinological IPA: /mia²²/, /miŋ²²/
Note:
  • mia5 - vernacular;
  • ming5 - literary.
Note:
  • mionn2 - vernacular;
  • min2 - literary.
Note:
  • mian2 - vernacular;
  • min2 - literary.
    • Dialectal data
    Variety Location 名
    Mandarin Beijing /miŋ³⁵/
    Harbin /miŋ²⁴/
    Tianjin /miŋ⁴⁵/
    Jinan /miŋ⁴²/
    Qingdao /miŋ⁴²/
    Zhengzhou /miŋ⁴²/
    Xi'an /miŋ²⁴/
    Xining /miə̃²⁴/
    Yinchuan /miŋ⁵³/
    Lanzhou /mĩn⁵³/
    Ürümqi /miŋ⁵¹/
    Wuhan /min²¹³/
    Chengdu /min³¹/
    Guiyang /min²¹/
    Kunming /mĩ¹/
    Nanjing /min²⁴/
    Hefei /min⁵⁵/
    Jin Taiyuan /miəŋ¹¹/
    Pingyao /miŋ¹³/
    /mi¹³/ 名字
    Hohhot /mĩŋ³¹/
    Wu Shanghai /miŋ²³/
    Suzhou /min¹³/
    Hangzhou /min²¹³/
    Wenzhou /meŋ³¹/
    Hui Shexian /miʌ̃⁴⁴/
    Tunxi /mɛ⁴⁴/
    Xiang Changsha /min¹³/
    Xiangtan /mian¹²/
    /min¹²/
    Gan Nanchang /miɑŋ⁴⁵/
    /min⁴⁵/ ～堂
    Hakka Meixian /miaŋ¹¹/
    Taoyuan /miɑŋ¹¹/
    Cantonese Guangzhou /meŋ²¹/
    /mɛŋ³⁵/
    Nanning /mɛŋ²¹/
    Hong Kong /miŋ²¹/
    Min Xiamen (Hokkien) /biŋ³⁵/
    /mia³⁵/
    Fuzhou (Eastern Min) /miaŋ⁵³/
    Jian'ou (Northern Min) /miaŋ³³/
    Shantou (Teochew) /miã⁵⁵/
    Haikou (Hainanese) /meŋ³¹/
    /mia³¹/
    Rime
    Character 名
    Reading # 1/1
    Initial (聲) 明 (4)
    Final (韻) 清 (121)
    Tone (調) Level (Ø)
    Openness (開合) Open
    Division (等) III
    Fanqie 武并切
    Baxter mjieng
    Reconstructions
    Zhengzhang
    Shangfang         		/miᴇŋ/
    Pan
    Wuyun         		/miɛŋ/
    Shao
    Rongfen         		/miæŋ/
    Edwin
    Pulleyblank         		/miajŋ/
    Li
    Rong         		/miɛŋ/
    Wang
    Li         		/mĭɛŋ/
    Bernhard
    Karlgren         		/mi̯ɛŋ/
    Expected
    Mandarin
    Reflex         		míng
    Expected
    Cantonese
    Reflex         		ming4
    Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
    Character 名
    Reading # 1/1
    Modern
    Beijing
    (Pinyin)         		míng
    Middle
    Chinese         		‹ mjieng ›
    Old
    Chinese         		/*C.meŋ/
    English name

    Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

    * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
    * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
    * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
    * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

    * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
    Zhengzhang system (2003)
    Character 名
    Reading # 1/1
    No. 9178
    Phonetic
    component         		名
    Rime
    group         		耕
    Rime
    subdivision         		0
    Corresponding
    MC rime         		名
    Old
    Chinese         		/*meŋ/

    Definitions

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    名

    1. name
      書名／书名  ―  shūmíng  ―  title of the book
      給它起個名兒／给它起个名儿  ―  gěi tā qǐ ge míngr  ―  give it a name
    2. given name
      Coordinate term: 姓 (xìng)
    3. reputation; fame
      有名  ―  yǒumíng  ―  famous
      名利  ―  mínglì  ―  fame and fortune
    4. famous; reputable
      名牌  ―  míngpái  ―  having a good brand name; a brand name product
    5. excuse; form; ostensible purpose
      師出有名／师出有名  ―  shīchūyǒumíng  ―  to do something for a good and proper reason
    6. (grammar) short for 名詞／名词 (míngcí, “noun”)
    7. (grammar) short for 專有名詞／专有名词 (zhuānyǒu míngcí, “proper noun”)
    8. (archaic, mathematics, arithmetic) sign
    9. to be called
      伊名什乇？ [Eastern Min, trad. and simp.]
      Ĭ miàng sié-nó̤h? / [i⁵⁵ miaŋ⁵³ sie²¹³⁻⁵³ nˡɔʔ²⁴] [Bàng-uâ-cê / IPA]
      What's his/her name?
    10. to describe; to give details of
      莫名其妙  ―  mòmíngqímiào  ―  baffling
    11. Classifier for place in a competition or position in a name list.
    12. Classifier for people with a certain status or identity.

    Synonyms

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    • (name):
    Dialectal synonyms of 名字 (“name”) [map]
    Variety Location Words
    Formal (Written Standard Chinese) 名字
    Northeastern Mandarin Beijing 名字, 名兒
    Chengde 名字
    Chifeng 名字
    Hulunbuir (Hailar) 名字
    Qiqihar 名字
    Harbin 名字
    Jiamusi 名字
    Baicheng 名字
    Changchun 名字
    Tonghua 名兒
    Shenyang 名字
    Jinzhou 名字
    Jilu Mandarin Tianjin 名字
    Tangshan 名字
    Cangzhou 名字
    Baoding 名字
    Shijiazhuang 名兒
    Lijin 名兒
    Jinan 名字
    Jiaoliao Mandarin Dalian 名字
    Dandong 名字
    Yantai 名兒
    Qingdao 名兒
    Zhucheng 名字, 名兒
    Central Plains Mandarin Luoyang 名兒
    Lingbao 名字
    Jining 名兒
    Wanrong 名兒
    Linfen 名兒
    Yuanyang 名字
    Xinyang 名字
    Baihe 名字
    Xi'an 名字
    Baoji 名字
    Tianshui 名字
    Xining 名字
    Xuzhou 名字
    Fuyang 名字
    Lanyin Mandarin Yinchuan 名字
    Lanzhou 名字
    Dunhuang 名字
    Hami 名字
    Ürümqi 名字
    Southwestern Mandarin Chengdu 名字
    Nanchong 名字
    Dazhou 名字
    Hanyuan 名字
    Xichang 名字
    Zigong 名字
    Chongqing 名字
    Wuhan 名字
    Yichang 名字
    Xiangyang 名字
    Tianmen 名字
    Guiyang 名字
    Zunyi 名字
    Bijie 名字
    Liping 名字
    Zhaotong 名字
    Dali 名字
    Kunming 名字
    Mengzi 名字
    Guilin 名字
    Liuzhou 名字, 名
    Jishou 名字
    Hanzhong 名字
    Jianghuai Mandarin Nanjing 名字
    Yangzhou 名字
    Lianyungang 名字
    Lianshui 名字
    Nantong 名字
    Anqing 名字
    Wuhu 名字
    Hefei 名子
    Hong'an 名字
    Cantonese Guangzhou 名
    Hong Kong 名
    Taishan 名
    Kaiping (Chikan) 名
    Gan Nanchang 名字
    Lichuan 名字
    Hakka Miaoli (N. Sixian) 名仔
    Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) 名仔
    Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) 名仔, 名
    Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) 名
    Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) 名仔, 名
    Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) 名
    Huizhou Jixi 名字
    Shexian 名字
    Jin Taiyuan 名字
    Yangyuan 名字
    Datong 名字
    Xinzhou 名字
    Lüliang (Lishi) 名字
    Linhe 名字
    Jining 名字
    Hohhot 名字
    Erenhot 名字
    Pingshan 名兒
    Zhangjiakou 名字
    Handan 名字
    Linzhou 名字
    Suide 名字
    Eastern Min Fuzhou 名
    Southern Min Xiamen 名
    Quanzhou 名
    Zhangzhou 名
    Manila (Hokkien) 名
    Wu Shanghai (Chongming) 名, 名字
    Shaoxing 名字
    Jinhua 名字
    Xiang Hengyang 名

    Compounds

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    References

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    Japanese

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    Kanji

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    名

    (First grade kyōiku kanji)

    Readings

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    Compounds

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    Compounds

    Etymology 1

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    Kanji in this term
    名
    な
    Grade: 1
    kun'yomi

    From Old Japanese, from Proto-Japonic *na (compare Okinawan 名 (nā)).

    Pronunciation

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    Noun

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    名(な) • (na) 

    1. name
      名(な)を連(つら)ねる
      na o tsuraneru
      put one's name on (a list)
      名(な)ばかりの
      na bakari no
      in name only
      • 2013 July 20, “暗(あん)黒(こく)界(かい)の騎(き)士(し) ズール [Zure, Knight of the Dark World]”, in ハーフデッキ　闇(やみ) [Half-Deck: DARK], Konami:
        暗(あん)黒(こく)界(かい)でその名(な)を知(し)らぬ者(もの)はいない、誇(ほこ)り高(たか)き騎(き)士(し)。決(けっ)して弱(よわ)き者(もの)に手(て)を下(くだ)す事(こと)はない。
        Ankokukai de sono na o shiranu mono wa inai, hokoritakaki kishi. Kesshite yowaki mono ni te o kudasu koto wa nai.
        Everyone in the Dark World knows the name of this illustrious knight. He never oppresses the commoners.
    2. reputation
      名(な)が響(ひび)いている
      na ga hibiite iru
      be famous
      名(な)が上(あ)がる
      na ga agaru
      become famous
      名(な)を上(あ)げる/現(あらわ)す/成(な)す/売(う)る
      na o ageru/arawasu/nasu/uru
      become famous, make one's name
      • Usage note: 名を上げる differs from 名が上がる in that the subject purposefully did something to make themselves famous.
    Derived terms
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    Derived terms

    Etymology 2

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    Kanji in this term
    名
    めい
    Grade: 1
    on'yomi

    From Middle Chinese 名 (MC mjieng, “name”).

    Pronunciation

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    Counter

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    名(めい) • (-mei) 

    1. counter word for people, persons

    Noun

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    名(めい) • (mei) 

    1. name

    Prefix

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    名(めい) • (mei-) 

    1. famous, great, noted
    Derived terms
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    Japanese terms prefixed with 名 read as めい
    名場面

    References

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    1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
    2. ^ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN

    Korean

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    Etymology

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    From Middle Chinese 名 (MC mjieng).

    Historical readings
    Dongguk Jeongun reading
    Dongguk Jeongun, 1448 며ᇰ (Yale: myèng)
    Middle Korean
    Text Eumhun
    Gloss (hun) Reading
    Hunmong Jahoe, 1527[3] 일홈〮 (Yale: ìlhwóm) 며ᇰ (Yale: myèng)

    Pronunciation

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    Hanja

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    Korean Wikisource has texts containing the hanja:

    名 (eumhun 이름 명 (ireum myeong))

    1. hanja form? of 명 (“name”) [noun]
    2. hanja form? of 명 (“famous; great; noted”) [prefix]

    Compounds

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    Compounds

    References

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    • 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典. [4]

    Kunigami

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    Kanji

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    名

    (First grade kyōiku kanji)

    Readings

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    Pronunciation

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    Noun

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    名(なー) (nā) 

    1. name

    Miyako

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    Kanji

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    名

    (First grade kyōiku kanji)

    Readings

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    Pronunciation

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    Noun

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    名 (hiragana なー, rōmaji nā)

    1. name

    Okinawan

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    Kanji

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    名

    (First grade kyōiku kanji)

    Readings

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    Compounds

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    Etymology

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    Kanji in this term
    名
    なー
    Grade: 1
    kun'yomi

    Pronunciation

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    Noun

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    名(なー) (nā) 

    1. name

    References

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    Vietnamese

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    Han character

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    名: Hán Việt readings: danh (民(dân)瞑(manh)切(thiết))[1][2][3][4][5]
    名: Nôm readings: ranh[1][2][3][6], danh[1][2][4][7], rành[1], quanh[2], dinh[2], gianh[2]

    1. chữ Hán form of danh (“famous; well-known”)

    Compounds

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    References

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    1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 Nguyễn (2014).
    2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 Nguyễn et al. (2009).
    3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 Trần (2004).
    4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 Bonet (1899).
    5. ^ Génibrel (1898).
    6. ^ Hồ (1976).
    7. ^ Taberd & Pigneau de Béhaine (1838).

    Yaeyama

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    Kanji

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    名

    (First grade kyōiku kanji)

    Readings

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    Pronunciation

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    Noun

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    名 (hiragana なー, rōmaji nā)

    1. name

    Yonaguni

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    Kanji

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    名

    (First grade kyōiku kanji)

    Readings

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    Pronunciation

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    Noun

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    名 (hiragana なー, rōmaji nā)

    1. name

    References

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    • “なー【名】” in JLect - Japonic Languages and Dialects Database Dictionary, 2019.

    Zhuang

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    Pronoun

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    名

    1. Sawndip form of mwngz
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