Wiktionary

民

See also: 艮 and 良
民 U+6C11, 民
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-6C11
← 氐
[U+6C10] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 氒 →
[U+6C12]

⺠ U+2EA0, ⺠
CJK RADICAL CIVILIAN
← ⺟
[U+2E9F] 		CJK Radicals Supplement ⺡ →
[U+2EA1]

Translingual

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Stroke order
 

Han character

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民 (Kangxi radical 83, 氏+1, 5 strokes, Cangjie input 口女心 (RVP), four-corner 77747, composition ⿸⿰𠄌コ𫠠)

Derived characters

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Additional derived characters

References

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  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 598, character 1
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 17028
  • Dae Jaweon: page 988, character 32
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 3, page 2131, character 1
  • Unihan data for U+6C11

Chinese

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simp. and trad.
 民

Glyph origin

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Historical forms of the character 民
Shang Western Zhou Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Oracle bone script Bronze inscriptions Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts
       
Characters in the same phonetic series (民) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
眠 *miːn
民 *min
泯 *min, *minʔ
怋 *min, *mɯːn
岷 *mrin
珉 *mrin
罠 *mrin
笢 *mrin, *minʔ
鈱 *mrin
抿 *mrɯn, *mrɯn, *mrɯnʔ
刡 *minʔ
敃 *mrinʔ
愍 *mrinʔ
暋 *mrinʔ
蟁 *mɯn

Pictogram (象形) 民 (OC *min, “the people”): the oracle bone script forms resemble an eye pierced by a cross-shaped sharp implement. The graph may be connected with eye impairment or unclear vision, compare 泯 (OC *min, *minʔ), 眠 (OC *miːn), and 眄 (OC *meːnʔ, *meːns); the Shiji has 視眩眠而無見兮／视眩眠而无见兮  ―  shìxuànmián'érwújiànxī  ―  the sight was dizzy and dim, and nothing could be seen, while the Hanshu writes 泯 (mǐn) for 眠.

Etymology

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From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *r-mi(j)-n (“people, man, human being”). Cognate with Tibetan མི (mi) and Dzongkha མི (mi).

Pronunciation

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Note:
  • mêng5 - Jieyang;
  • ming5 - other places.
Rime
Character 民
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 明 (4)
Final (韻) 眞 (43)
Tone (調) Level (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) III
Fanqie 彌鄰切
Baxter mjin
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/miɪn/
Pan
Wuyun 		/min/
Shao
Rongfen 		/mjen/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/min/
Li
Rong 		/miĕn/
Wang
Li 		/mĭĕn/
Bernhard
Karlgren 		/mi̯ĕn/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		mín
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		man4
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 民
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin) 		mín
Middle
Chinese 		‹ mjin ›
Old
Chinese 		/*mi[ŋ]/
English people

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 民
Reading # 1/1
No. 9130
Phonetic
component 		民
Rime
group 		眞
Rime
subdivision 		1
Corresponding
MC rime 		民
Old
Chinese 		/*min/

Definitions

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民

  1. people; citizens
    國民／国民  ―  guómín  ―  citizen
  2. folk; popular
    民謠／民谣  ―  mínyáo  ―  folk song
  3. (archaic, literary) the peasant class; common people
  4. member of an ethnic group
  5. person of a particular occupation
  6. civilian

Compounds

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Descendants

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Sino-Xenic (民):
  • → Japanese: 民(みん) (min)
  • → Korean: 민(民) (min)
  • → Vietnamese: dân (民)

References

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  • “民”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎[1], 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–
  • 李如龙 [Li, Ru-long]; 刘福铸 [Liu, Fu-zhu]; 吴华英 [Wu, Hua-ying]; 黄国城 [Huang, Guo-cheng] (2019), “民”, in 莆仙方言调查报告 [Investigation Report on Puxian Dialect] (overall work in Mandarin and Puxian Min), Xiamen University Press, →ISBN, page 231.

Japanese

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Kanji

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民

(Fourth grade kyōiku kanji)

  1. nation, peoples

Readings

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  • Go-on: みん (min, Jōyō)
  • Kan-on: びん (bin)
  • Kun: たみ (tami, 民, Jōyō)
  • Nanori: たみ (tami)、ひと (hito)、み (mi)、みたみ (mitami)、もと (moto)

Compounds

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Etymology 1

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Kanji in this term
民
たみ
Grade: 4
kun'yomi
For pronunciation and definitions of 民 – see the following entry.
【たみ】
[noun] citizen
(This term, 民, is an alternative spelling of the above term.)

Etymology 2

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Kanji in this term
民
みん
Grade: 4
on'yomi

From Middle Chinese 民 (MC mjin).

Pronunciation

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Affix

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民(みん) • (min) ←みん (min)?

  1. citizen

Suffix

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民(みん) • (-min) ←みん (-min)?

  1. (Internet slang, dated) regular of a certain social website or website section
    なんJ民(ジェイみん) ― nanjei-min ― one who frequents the 2channel NanJ board

References

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Korean

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Etymology

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From Middle Chinese 民 (MC mjin).

Historical readings

Pronunciation

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Hanja

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Korean Wikisource has texts containing the hanja:

民 (eumhun 백성 민 (baekseong min))

  1. hanja form? of 민 (“the people; the populace; the nation”)

Compounds

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References

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  • 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典. [3]

Vietnamese

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Han character

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民: Hán Nôm readings: dân

Noun

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民

  1. chữ Hán form of dân
    1. (collective) people
    2. (collective) members of an ethnic group
    3. (collective) people living in a geographical area
    4. (collective) people of a particular occupation
    5. (collective, literary) civilians

Compounds

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Compounds
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